高渗透地层土压盾构渣土改良试验研究

土压平衡式盾构施工在砾砂地层中容易出现螺旋排土器喷涌等问题,为了维持开挖面稳定,使盾构顺利掘进,需要对土压舱内的渣土进行改良.传统的渣土改良方案如加膨润土泥浆和气泡很难满足改良要求,文章通过对砾砂地层土颗粒的级配特征进行分析,发现砂砾地层缺少0.075~0.05 mm和0.25~0.01 mm粒组,通过粉土补充该粒组即在膨润土泥浆中掺入粉土对渣土进行改良,渣土的渗透系数大幅下降,改良效果良好.     

土压平衡盾构法隧道施工渣土改良指标探讨

为了改良土压平衡盾构法隧道施工中渣土性能指标,根据多个城市地铁土压平衡盾构法隧道施工的实践经验,结合设计和施工规范,对渣土性能指标的改良进行了试验。结果表明,渣土性能改良后,土体流塑性得到了改善,摩擦性显著降低,刀盘扭矩显著减小,盾构刀具磨损减少,支掌面稳定性提高。     

富水砂层土压平衡盾构施工渣土改良试验

针对深圳的富水砂层,采用泡沫、膨润土以及高分子聚合物等添加剂,改良盾构施工渣土,进行现场坍落度试验.基于现场试验结果,通过对土样进行电镜扫描以及压缩、渗透等室内试验研究,分析了改性渣土细观结构以及渗透、压缩特性的变化.对添加剂改善富水砂性土的流塑性、保水性以及开挖面动态土压平衡机理作了较深入的探讨.结果表明,富水砂层中,采用质量比为1∶7、外掺量为8%~10%的膨润土进行渣土改良,可满足施工需求.     

老黏土地层土压盾构刀盘堵塞渣土改良效果评价方法

以常州地铁2号线某盾构区间穿越老黏土地层为项目背景,对刀盘在硬塑高强度、高韧性黏土中的"堵塞"风险进行了初步评估,并设计和进行了改良渣土锥体拉拔试验,该试验方法可用于评价黏性渣土的改良效果.研究表明:黏土含水率对锥体极限拉拔强度有显著影响,含水率越高,极限拉拔强度越小;分散剂在黏土稠度指数I_c0.75时能有效降低锥体极限拉拔强度,减小量在10kN/m~2以上;试验所用黏土在稠度指数I_c=0.5～0.75时黏附量较高,在500g/m2以上;添加分散剂后改良渣土的黏附量明显减小,关键在于黏土与分散剂充分混合.依据试验结果及现场经验提出评价改良后黏性渣土"堵塞"风险的方案,将黏性渣土按照极限拉拔强度和黏附量划分为4个"堵塞"风险等级.     

泡沫稳定性对土压平衡盾构砂卵石渣土改良效果

为确保土压平衡盾构在砂卵石地层施工时切削的渣土具有良好的工程特性,以成都轨道17号线明九区间2号风井—九江北区间为背景,采用不同稳定性的泡沫剂分别掺入卵砾石含量为20%、40%和60%的砂卵石渣土中,开展室内坍落度试验、渗透试验和喷涌试验,研究各种泡沫土流动性、渗透性和时效性的变化规律,探讨泡沫剂稳定性与砂卵石渣土的适应性。结果表明：稳定性好的泡沫能够适应卵砾石含量低于60%的砂卵石土层,即泡沫稳定性的提高有利于扩大砂卵石地层的适用范围;稳定性好的泡沫剂能够保持改良砂卵石渣土掘削排渣全过程良好的流动性、抗渗性;过量的泡沫掺入改良的砂卵石渣土易发生离析,造成改良后的渣土难以达到良好的和易性;泡沫改良砂卵石渣土的喷涌压力可作为检验改良效果的重要指标。     

土压平衡盾构土仓压力对地表沉降的影响

以广州地铁4号线盾构施工为工程背景,采用三维数值分析方法和现场测试等手段,对土压平衡盾构土仓压力变化引起的地表沉降变形规律进行了系统研究。结果表明:随着土仓压力的增加,掌子面后方地表沉降在减小,而掌子面前方地表隆起却不断增加,隆起一般出现在掌子面前方10 m范围内;当土仓压力处于超平衡状态时,地表隆起值增大,地表沉降值减小,且沉降减小量远大于隆起增加量;就地表沉降量而言,超土压平衡引起的地表沉降量最小。在满足盾构前方土体不被破坏的前提下,增加土仓压力是减小地表沉降的有效手段。     

砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工渣土改良试验

砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工时需进行渣土改良,提高渣土的流塑性.针对成都砂卵石地层采用泡沫、膨润土和聚合物进行改良,进行室内塌落度试验、搅拌试验和泥浆黏度试验来确定配比.研究结果表明,钠基膨润土比钙基膨润土具有更好的膨化能力,且不发生分层,更适用于渣土改良.案例中膨润土单独改良的合理配比为泥浆质量分数14.3%,注入量体积比20%.泡沫改良时注入率受渣土含水率影响较大,土体含水率越大,泡沫最佳注入率越小.泡沫加膨润土共同改良比两者单独改良效果要好,选择泡剂质量分数为3%、泥浆质量分数为14.3%,添加量在某一个范围,有多种组合都可以满足要求;当泥浆注入量体积比为12%时,泡沫最优注入量体积比为15%～20%;当泥浆注入量体积比为6%,泡沫最优注入量体积比为30%～35%.当地下水丰富时,需要添加聚合物;正常情况下也可降低膨润土泥浆浓度,添加聚合物,来节省膨润土用量,从而降低工程成本.     

基于激光扫描技术的盾构渣土改良状态自动识别方法

为促进渣土改良状态评价方法向着规范化、自动化的方向发展,提出一种基于激光扫描技术的盾构渣土改良状态快速自动识别方法。针对不同含水率和泡沫注入比的粗粒土试样开展坍落度试验,采用激光扫描仪获得坍落体中心位置竖向截面轮廓点云数据,并通过计算机提取截面轮廓几何特征点,获得试样的坍落度和割线角,建立以坍落度和割线角的合适范围作为合适改良状态评价指标的自动识别方法。研究结果表明：采用坍落度和坍落体割线角可以准确识别改良粗粒土的改良状态;相对于传统坍落度试验,该方法的突出优点是可自动扫描并快速识别渣土的改良状态;室内坍落度试验结果验证了该方法对粗粒土试样改良状态识别的有效性,可为研究盾构水平传送带上渣土截面轮廓几何特征和渣土改良状态识别提供参考。     

土压平衡盾构改良渣土屈服应力分析

屈服应力是反映材料和易性的重要特征参数之一.依托武汉地铁6号线老关村出入段盾构隧道工程,开展室内盾构渣土塌落度试验,推导考虑塌落度桶形状效应的渣土屈服应力改进预测模型,进而分析不同含水率、不同掺入比和不同角砾含量条件下渣土屈服应力变化规律.结果表明:角砾黏土的塌落度试验值与含水率、泡沫剂掺入比和角砾含量呈正相关关系;通...     

盾构隧道渣土的物理力学性质及资源化利用研究

为应对盾构隧道渣土日益庞大的产量，形成对盾构渣土的资源化利用体系的系统性认识是有必要的.取样得到国内6个不同城市的典型盾构隧道工程所产生的渣土，并对其进行试验得到了不同城市盾构渣土的含水率、液塑限含水率、颗粒粒径、贯入指数、CBR承载比等物理力学性质，探讨了盾构渣土潜在的资源化利用前景.阐述了目前盾构渣土的资源化处理技术的原理、适用场景、品质要求，据此结合盾构渣土的物理力学性质进行分析，提出了不同性质渣土的分类体系，从而说明不同性质渣土可能的处理方式，进一步总结出一套盾构渣土综合利用途径流程，以期为我国的盾构渣土的资源化利用发展提供一定参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the