Charakterisierung der Geisseln und des Flagellins vonListeria monocytogenes. I. Immunologische Untersuchungen

Summary It is possible to show only H-antibodies in a latex test with a purified flagella suspension ofListeria monocytogenes. An antigen community betweenStaphylococcus aureus and flagella ofListeria could be excluded.     

Eine neue Umlagerungsreaktion und ein neues Prinzip zum Aufbau von Peptidketten

Summary In a series of model reactions, it is shown that residues of-aminoacids may be inserted by a particular rearrangement into certain carboxyl or carbonylamido groups. Repeated insertion results in the formation of a peptide derivative. It is concluded that natural peptides or proteins must not necessarily be formed by head to tail combination of aminoacids. Other implications of the new principle are discussed.

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Vorgetragen am XIV. Internationalen Kongress für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, 21. bis 27. Juli 1955, Zürich.     

Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen des Hauptstrom-Rauchkondensats der Partikelphase des Cigaretten- und Cigarrenrauchs

Summary Report on a method to produce, without refrigeration and solvents, a tobacco smoke condensate of the tobacco main-stream smoke of the particulate phase. Identification obtained by the electron fine beam diffraction of crystals in the sediment of the smoke condensate of cigarettes and cigars.

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Wissenschaftlicher Gast am Institut für Elektronenmikroskopie des Fritz-Haber-Instituts der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.     

Zum Schlüpfprozess bei Fischen: II. Gewinnung und Charakterisierung des Schlüpfsekretes bei der Regenbogenforelle (Salmo gairdneri Rich.)

Summary A method is described to get the secrete of the hatching glands together with the perivitelline fluid by stimulating the eggs ofSalmo gairdneri with dissolved gaseous nitrogen in various buffers. Characterizing this fluid by various methods there could be shown some enzymes of those a proteinase alone seems to be the really hatching enzyme.Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft sei für finanzielle Unterstützung gedankt.     

Membrandepolarisation der Muskelfasern des Öffnermuskels des Flusskrebses auf Nervenreiz und Kaliumapplikation

Summary Three groups of fibres with different EPSP were differentiated in the claw-opening muscle of crayfish. Small and late depolarization of the deep fibres was observed on application of 3–4 times the normal concentration of KCl.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Geschwindigkeit der imidazolkatalysierten o-Acetylierung von Derivaten und Peptiden des Serins und Threonins

Summary o-Acetylation of cyclo-his-ser and cyclo-histhr in acetic acid/acetanhydride proceeds via intermolecular, and in the case of 4-hydroxyethyl-imidazole via intramolecular, acyl transfer. The highest rate of acetylation is observed with 4-hydroxyethyl-imidazole, and the most effective catalyst in the case of intermolecular acyl transfer is imidazole; derivatives of imidazole are less effective. Derivatives and peptides of serine are generally more reactive than those of threonine.     

Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze,des Kaninchens und der Ratte

Summary The concentration of noradrenaline in different parts of the heart was estimated in cats, rabbits, and rats. In each heart, the concentration of noradrenaline was much higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium and higher in the right ventricle than in the left one.     

Die Wirkung des Toluidinblaus und der Thrombokinase auf den Vorgang der Thrombininaktivierung

Summary The disappearance of thrombin—formed in the blood, or added to serum-follows a manomolecular reaction-type. Heparin increases the reaction-velocity of this thrombin-inactivating process.Our investigation established that toluidine blue or kinase, which, according to the literature, bind heparin, strongly reduce the speed of thrombin-inactivation too. Therefore the heparin-binding capacity of these substances is also manifested in the decrease of thrombin-inactivation.     

Vergleichende Elektronenmikroskopie reiner DNS und der DNS des Bakteriennukleoids

Summary The behaviour of pure isolated DNA towards the conditions of fixation and dehydration—prior to ultrathin sectioning—has been studied and compared with the behaviour of the DNA-plasm of the bacterial nucleus. It is found that those conditions which produce coarse coagulation of the free DNA also produce electron opaque bodies of variable aspect inside the bacterial nucleus. The coagulation figures obtained in both situations are very similar. This is a further direct evidence in favour of the view that the bacterial nucleus is an assembly of fine DNA-containing fibrilla in a highly hydrated plasma.     

Zur Charakterisierung zellteilungswirksamer Substanzen an der Gewebekultur

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Der elektrophysiologische Nachweis der propriozeptiven Muskelafferenz und des monosynaptischen Reflexbogens der inneren Kehlkopfmuskeln

Summary On excitation of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent nerve with single square wave shocks in patients undergoing total exstirpation of the larynx for cancer, a reflex potential can be recorded from the vocal muscle. This potential shows the criteria characteristic of the reflex potential arising on excitation of muscle spindles or the afferents of muscle spindles (la-fibres) in limb muscles. The pathway of afferent fibres is for the main part via the sup. lar. nerve but there seems to be an indication of a small part of afferents in the recurrent nerve also.     

Ein 24-Stunden-Rhythmus des Herz- und Milzglykogens der weissen Laboratoriumsratte

Summary A definite 24-h rhythm was demonstrated in the glycogen content of heart muscle and of spleen of white laboratory rats, which makes it essential to take account of this fact when interpreting experimental results on these organs.     

Eine verbesserte Methode zur Isolierung von Cocarcinogenen aus Crotonöl und Charakterisierung des neuen Phorbolesters A3

Summary 4 cocarcinogenic compounds have been isolated from croton oil by combination of countercurrent distribution and column chromatography without chemical procedures. The hitherto unknown component A₃ is described as an acetic acid and palmitic acid Phorboldiester with the formula C₃₈H₆₀O₈.

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Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft danke ich für Personal- und Sachbeihilfen, Fräulein G.Bingmann für ihre Mitarbeit.     

Motive und Probleme der Arithmetisierung der Mathematik in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts — Cauchys Analysis in der Sicht des Mathematikers Martin Ohm

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von C. J. Scriba     

Beeinflussung der «Adrenalin-Oxydasen» des Blutplasmasin vivo durch biogene Monoamine und Neuropharmaka

Summary In rats adrenaline, noradrenaline, histamine and iproniazid induced in blood plasma a significant increase of the mean of the enzyme activity of adrenaline oxidases (-globulin-factors, different from coeruloplasmin, ferritin and catalase). Reserpine showed initially an increase and later a decrease and ephedrine caused a decrease of the enzymic activity.     

Zur Kenntnis des lamellaren Musters in ausgewachsenen und der Kristallgitterstruktur in jungen Chloroplasten

Summary (1) It is shown that in the chloroplasts ofChlamydomonas andAnthoceros thick, dense lamellae and thin, less dense lamellae alternate. (2) In the chloroplasts of many phanerogame plants with grana, thin less dense lamellae limit the parcel of thick grana-lamellae above and below. Since the differentiations 1 and 2 are present in the photographs of many publications (although not mentioned), it is suggested that this kind of lamellarmodel has often been overlooked until now. — The « Kristallgitterstruktur » has been found in a cryptogamous plant,Selaginella, in young chloroplasts, for the first time. The connection between the elementary particles of the crystal-lattice and the young lamellae has been verified again. — The possibility of formation of double lamellae by fusion of blastulae or tubuli is discussed in detail.     

Physiologische und ultrastrukturelle Testung der neuen Substanz Silymarin an den Vorderhornganglienzellen des Kaninchens

Summary The effect of Silymarin on the function and structure of lumbar anterior horn cells in the rabbit was studied under graduated ischemia. It was shown that Silymarin has neither useful nor injurious influence on the anterior horn cells examined.     

Struktur und Wirkung des Muscarins,des Muscarons und ihrer Stereoisomeren

Summary All synthetic isomers of (+)-muscarine, the racemic forms of epi-muscarine, allo-muscarine, and epiallo-muscarine are at least 100 times less potent on blood pressure of cats and isolated frog hearts than the natural alkaloid. Only muscarones are more potent and exhibit strong nicotinic action on the frog rectus and in blocking ganglionic and neuro-muscular transmission in the cat. They closely resemble acetylcholine in their structure and action.The activity of the isomers depends on the position of the constituents on the tetrahydrofurane ring. Steric hindrance of the hydroxy or carbonylgroup and of etheroxygen plays an important part in the contact with the cholinergic receptor. As nor-muscarine without the quarternary nitrogen is inactive, at least 3 different points of contact have to be considered. This is stressed by the fact that muscarine is highly stereospecific in its action, whereas muscarone is not.     

Stimulation und Depression der Phagozytoseaktivität des retikulo-endothelialen Systems nach Röntgenbestrahlung

Summary The effect of X-irradiation on the phagocytic activity of the RES depends on the carbon dose. Using small doses a stimulation was found; this indicates an increased velocity of carbon uptake by the phagocytes. Using high doses a depression was found indicating a decreased phagocytic capacity of the cells.