180°铁电畴夹层结构中的畴层波

从压电方程出发,讨论了180°畴夹层结构中的铁电畴层波特性,得到了对称和反对称两种振动模,并给出了色散关系及波场的空间分布,认为反对称振动模为另一种新的铁电畴层振动模,并讨论了双层等厚180°畴结构的情况,得到具有新特点的反对称铁电畴层振动模.     

BaTiO3陶瓷的PTC效应

对不同掺杂的BaTiO3基陶瓷的电性能、界面形态、氧元素分布特点以及电畴结构等进行研究发现:瓷体半导化速度很快,烧成温度是影响瓷体半导化速度的最重要因素;氧在晶粒晶界的偏析,并且对势垒的形成有重要作用;样品掺杂的元素不同,电畴结构会发生一定变化,畴结构和电阻起跳性存在一定关系.     

激光局部氮化改善取向硅钢磁畴结构分布

采用激光氮化方法(LN方法)对取向硅钢表面进行局域线状氮化处理,引入气态氮作为合金化元素,研究了激光工艺参数对硅钢表面氮化物形成的影响·对传统观察磁畴的方法进行了改进,研制了一种新型的Fe3O4磁流体,这种磁流体不仅能进行适时观察磁畴结构,而且还实现了带膜磁畴观察·利用XPS方法及Fe3O4磁流体磁畴观测方法对处理后的样品进行了检测及磁畴观察·结果表明:通过控制激光工艺参数可实现取向硅钢的激光氮化,在取向硅钢表面生成了Fe4N和Fe3N两种氮化物;氮化处理后,硅钢片的磁畴结构有所细化,从而可以改善取向硅钢的性能,降低取向硅钢的铁损;氮化样品经600℃,...     

(Pb,La)TiO_3铁电薄膜的铁电畴的研究

压电力显微镜(PFM)和非线性介电扫描显微镜(SNDM)是近年来发展起来的一项专门测量压电系数的技术.本实验中,分别通过LPFM,VPFM,SNDM观察了(Pb,La)Ti O3薄膜的面内畴、面间畴和非线性介电常数的分布.分析结果表明,薄膜内部存在面内极化电畴、向上、向下的电畴以及介电常数分布具有非线性特性.PFM可以描绘薄膜电畴的三维立体图形,SNDM和PFM都可以较好地表征铁电薄膜的表面极化状态.     

生物型低压扫描电子显微镜

扫描电子显微镜于20世纪60年代问世，用来观察标本的表面结构。其工作原理是用一束极细的电子束扫描样品，在样品表面激发出次级电子，次级电子的多少与电子束入射角有关，也就是说与样品的表面结构有关，次级电子由探测体收集，并在那里被闪烁器转变为光信号，再经光电倍增管和放大器转变为电信号来控制荧光屏上电子束的强度，显示出与电子束同步的扫描图像。图像为立体形象，反映了标本的表面结构。     

考虑电畴结构以后对Heywang-Jonker模型的修正

本文从体内载流子对自发极化屏蔽的机制出发,分析了过去在解释PTCR效应的理论中所忽略了的90°电畴结构,以及电畴结构随温度变化时对铁电补偿程度的影响,用稍微修正了的Heywang-Jonker模型,对施主掺杂钛酸钡半导体陶瓷中的PTCR效应作出进一步的解释。     

有限多层180°铁电畴中界面波的色散特性

从克利斯托夫方程出发,通过数值计算,对PZT-有限多层180°铁电畴结构中的界面波的色散特性进行了理论探讨.指出偶层数结构基模类似于铁电畴层弯曲波,奇层数结构基模类似于铁电畴层波,并与其他一些情况下的结果进行了比较,最后通过实验验证了部分理论结果.     

两种Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(9-x)超导材料的相分析

实验 样品为不同配方,不同烧结工艺烧结的圆片状(φ13mm)多晶体试样,序号为nη3和nμ4。低温磁性实验及电阻的测量结果表明,nμ3有较好的超导性。 两种样品在同一条件下进行实验,使用转靶X射线衍射仪,Co靶,V=50kV,I=180mA。连续扫描后,选择四个主要衍射峰做阶梯扫描。广角连续扫描自2θ=10°到2θ=145°。     

PZT在机电疲劳作用下的微裂纹和畸变

通过对PZT铁电陶瓷试样在交变力四点弯、交变电场及机电耦合疲劳作用前后的微裂纹和电畴的观察研究发现：电畴畴壁垂直于硬度痕边界排列;裂纹附近畴壁趋于转向与裂纹平行的方向;极化试样中的微裂纹萌生和扩展显示出强烈的各向异性。另外,还试图解释实验实验观察到的在外加极化电场方向平行的初始试样表面内存在大量微观畴带的现象。     

层状结构中的电声波Ⅰ沿界面传播的研究

本文给出了多层180°畴结构中铁电畴层表面波的理论分析,得出了色散方程和色散曲线.发现当层数N很大时,多模色散曲线形成一个色散带.文中分析了三种典型的色散曲线.     

Four-helical-bundle structure of the cytoplasmic domain of a serine chemotaxis receptor.

The bacterial chemotaxis receptors are transmembrane receptors with a simple signalling pathway which has elements relevant to the general understanding of signal recognition and transduction across membranes, how signals are relayed between molecules in a pathway, and how adaptation to a persistent signal is achieved. In contrast to many mammalian receptors which signal by oligomerizing upon ligand binding, the chemotaxis receptors are dimeric even in the absence of their ligands, and their signalling does not depend on a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Bacterial chemotaxis receptors are composed of a ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain consisting of two helices TM1 and TM2, and a cytoplasmic domain. All known bacterial chemotaxis receptors have a highly conserved cytoplasmic domain, which unites signals from different ligand domains into a single signalling pathway to flagella motors. Here we report the crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of a serine chemotaxis receptor of Escherichia coli, which reveals a 200 A-long coiled-coil of two antiparallel helices connected by a 'U-turn'. Two of these domains form a long, supercoiled, four-helical bundle in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor.     

DT整环的研究

引入了DT整环的概念,证明了当R是v-凝聚环时,如果R是DT整环,那么R的局部化也是DT整环,以及其它几种等价情况.在拉回图的情况下,研究了DT整环与某些特殊整环的一些关系,并讨论了在拉回图中环R,D,T间的关系.通过例子给出了DT整环与DW整环和TW整环之间的联系.     

Electrical effects of spin density wave quantization and magnetic domain walls in chromium

The role of magnetic domains (and the walls between domains) in determining the electrical properties of ferromagnetic materials has been investigated in great detail for many years, not least because control over domains offers a means of manipulating electron spin to control charge transport in 'spintronic' devices. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to the effects of domains and domain walls on the electrical properties of antiferromagnets: antiferromagnetic domains show no net external magnetic moment, and so are difficult to manipulate or probe. Here we describe electrical measurements on chromium--a simple metal and quintessential spin density wave antiferromagnet--that show behaviour directly related to spin density wave formation and the presence of antiferromagnetic domains. Two types of thermal hysteresis are seen in both longitudinal and Hall resistivity: the first can be explained by the quantization of spin density waves due to the finite film thickness (confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements) and the second by domain-wall scattering of electrons. We also observe the striking influence of the electrical lead configuration (a mesoscopic effect) on the resistivity of macroscopic samples in the spin density wave state. Our results are potentially of practical importance, in that they reveal tunable electrical effects of film thickness and domain walls that are as large as the highest seen for ferromagnets.     

Centralized Role-Based Access Control for Federated Multi-Domain Environments

The secure interaction among multiple security domains is a major concern. In this paper, we highlight the issues of secure interoperability among multiple security domains operating under the widely accepted Role Based Access Control （RBAC） model. We propose a model called CRBAC that easily establishes a global policy for roles mapping among multiple security domains. Our model is based on an extension of the RBAC model. Also, multiple security domains were composed to one abstract security domain. Also roles in the multiple domains are translated to permissions of roles in the abstract security domain. These permissions keep theirs hierarchies. The roles in the abstract security domain implement roles mapping among the multiple security domains. Then, authorized users of any security domain can transparently access resources in the multiple domains.     

Imaging coexisting fluid domains in biomembrane models coupling curvature and line tension

Lipid bilayer membranes--ubiquitous in biological systems and closely associated with cell function--exhibit rich shape-transition behaviour, including bud formation and vesicle fission. Membranes formed from multiple lipid components can laterally separate into coexisting liquid phases, or domains, with distinct compositions. This process, which may resemble raft formation in cell membranes, has been directly observed in giant unilamellar vesicles. Detailed theoretical frameworks link the elasticity of domains and their boundary properties to the shape adopted by membranes and the formation of particular domain patterns, but it has been difficult to experimentally probe and validate these theories. Here we show that high-resolution fluorescence imaging using two dyes preferentially labelling different fluid phases directly provides a correlation between domain composition and local membrane curvature. Using freely suspended membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles, we are able to optically resolve curvature and line tension interactions of circular, stripe and ring domains. We observe long-range domain ordering in the form of locally parallel stripes and hexagonal arrays of circular domains, curvature-dependent domain sorting, and membrane fission into separate vesicles at domain boundaries. By analysing our observations using available membrane theory, we are able to provide experimental estimates of boundary tension between fluid bilayer domains.     

Engineering galactose-binding activity into a C-type mannose-binding protein.

Calcium-dependent or C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains are homologous protein modules found in a variety of animal lectins. Selective binding of sugars by these domains is essential for glycoprotein clearance, cell-cell adhesion and pathogen neutralization. Although various C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains share sequence identity ranging from 20 to 55%, their sugar-binding characteristics vary widely. The structure of a mannose-binding carbohydrate-recognition domain in complex with a saccharide ligand suggests that two glutamic acid-asparagine pairs are essential determinants of ligand binding by this domain. In C-type lectins that bind galactose with higher affinity than mannose, one of these pairs is replaced by glutamine-aspartic acid. Here we shift the sequence of the mannose-binding protein to correspond to that found in galactose-binding domains in order to test the importance of these residues in sugar-binding selectivity. This simple switch in the position of a single amide group alters the binding activity of the domain so that galactose becomes the preferred ligand.     

An efficient format-preserving encryption mode for practical domains

Format-preserving encryption (FPE), which makes sure that ciphertext has the same format as plaintext, has been widely used in protecting sensitive data in a database. Aiming at efficiently solving the FPE problem on a collection of practical domains, we propose the RREM (random reference-based encryption mode), which constructs bijection between the original domain and integer set through distance computation. If an appropriate distance function is predefined, the proposed mode can solve the FPE problem on linear equidistance domain in a more efficient way than previous methods. Furthermore, we make a classification on various types of domains, show the application of RREM in some practical domains, and specify RREM’s capability of solving the FPE problem on frequently-used fields in database quite efficiently.     

Phospholipase Cgamma1 controls surface expression of TRPC3 through an intermolecular PH domain

Many ion channels are regulated by lipids, but prominent motifs for lipid binding have not been identified in most ion channels. Recently, we reported that phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLC-gamma1) binds to and regulates TRPC3 channels, components of agonist-induced Ca2+ entry into cells. This interaction requires a domain in PLC-gamma1 that includes a partial pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-a consensus lipid-binding and protein-binding sequence. We have developed a gestalt algorithm to detect hitherto 'invisible' PH and PH-like domains, and now report that the partial PH domain of PLC-gamma1 interacts with a complementary partial PH-like domain in TRPC3 to elicit lipid binding and cell-surface expression of TRPC3. Our findings imply a far greater abundance of PH domains than previously appreciated, and suggest that intermolecular PH-like domains represent a widespread signalling mode.     

Isotopic portrayal of the Earth's upper mantle flow field

It is now well established that oceanic plates sink into the lower mantle at subduction zones, but the reverse process of replacing lost upper-mantle material is not well constrained. Even whether the return flow is strongly localized as narrow upwellings or more broadly distributed remains uncertain. Here we show that the distribution of long-lived radiogenic isotopes along the world's mid-ocean ridges can be used to map geochemical domains, which reflect contrasting refilling modes of the upper mantle. New hafnium isotopic data along the Southwest Indian Ridge delineate a sharp transition between an Indian province with a strong lower-mantle isotopic flavour and a South Atlantic province contaminated by advection of upper-mantle material beneath the lithospheric roots of the Archaean African craton. The upper mantle of both domains appears to be refilled through the seismically defined anomaly underlying South Africa and the Afar plume. Because of the viscous drag exerted by the continental keels, refilling of the upper mantle in the Atlantic and Indian domains appears to be slow and confined to localized upwellings. By contrast, in the unencumbered Pacific domain, upwellings seem comparatively much wider and more rapid.