厦门卵索线虫生活史的初步研究

报道厦门岛西南部沿海寄生于蝗虫体内的厦门卵索线虫的生活史，对发育过程和发育各期的形态特征进行了较详细的描述。本种线虫生活周期为一年。     

湖北省枣阳市稻田索科线虫种类及分布的初步调查

从索线虫的种类、宿主范围、自然寄生率、线虫的垂直分布和水平分布以及不同地理环境条件下的分布特点等方面进行了讨论，从调查的８月１８种昆虫中发现有４目６种昆虫被６属６种索线虫寄生，这６种宿主昆虫是褐飞虱、白背飞虱、中华按蚊、小划蝽和一种水虻。６种索线虫是长沙多索线虫、四川罗索线虫、奇异新四倍索线虫、褐飞虱两索线虫新种?宽索线虫及一待定种。     

中国寄生于直翅目的多索线虫属一新种——咸阳多索线虫(线虫纲:索科)

本文报道了陕西省咸阳市近郊的直翅目昆虫体内寄生多索线虫属一新种,定名为咸阳多索线虫Agamermis Xiamyangensis sp. nov.     

中华卵索线虫雌雄成虫可溶性总蛋白的初步比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对中华卵索线虫成虫可溶性总蛋白进行了比较和分析，初步的实验结果表明，雌性成虫特异表达3种以上蛋白质，分子量分别为78．33KD、72．39KD、24．58KD、15．99KD；雄性成虫则特异表达分子量为26．39KD的蛋白质．雌雄成虫总蛋白存在着差异，这为进一步研究中华卵索线虫的性别分化机制提供了基础数据．     

厦门卵索线虫生物学特性及对蝗虫自然控制作用的初步研究

寄生于蝗虫的厦门卵索线虫（Ｏｖｏｍｅｒｍｉｓｘｉａｍｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ）生活史周期为一年，流行时间为４～１０月，但在６～７月感染率为最高。在本种线虫流行区内，单位面积草地上蝗虫虫口数比非流行区明显降低，对蝗虫种群数量有显著的自然控制作用。     

中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis对蔬菜害虫的人工感染和菜田释放试验

1996—1997年,在福州,用中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis(Chen et al)侵染期幼虫对当地主要蔬菜害虫,菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾等幼虫,在室内做人工感染试验。在室温20—28℃,寄生线虫与宿主昆虫的比例为为80:1的情况下,线虫对菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫的寄生率分别为50％,94％,92％。在当地土壤中无中华卵索线虫的空心菜田,设三个小区,每小区15m~2,各移植斜纹夜蛾2—3龄幼虫150头于菜株上,A区用12540条线虫侵染期幼虫混在2460克湿沙中,撤施于植株根部土面;B区用同样数量的线虫混在8公斤水中,喷洒在菜株上;C区为不释放线虫的对照区。于释放线虫后的第4天和第7天,从各小区随机回收斜纹夜蛾幼虫20头和30头,在室内单头饲养,检查线虫的寄生率和寄生强度。结果:第4天调查寄生效果相近,寄生率分别为61.1％,60％。第7天调查寄生率分别为76.7％,70％。而对照区的虫体中均未见有线虫寄生,寄生率为0。差别显著。在元白菜上释放中华卵索线虫侵染期幼虫,莱青虫的寄生率为6.6％。     

小地老虎寄生六索线虫一新种

本文记述了采于安徽省安庆地区棉田内寄生于小地老虎Agrotis ipsilon 幼虫体内的六索线虫一新种,命名为地老虎六索线虫Hexamermis agrotis sp.nov.,并指出了它的鉴别特征.     

中华卵索线虫生殖系统发育过程中形态和主要化学物质含量的变化

采用石蜡切片的方法,观察中华卵索线虫寄生期幼线虫、寄生后期幼线虫、成虫期（蜕皮后和交配后）成虫3个时期生殖系统发育的形态特征,并测定其主要化学物质含量的变化．寄生期幼线虫体内滋养物体发育明显,而生殖系统发育不明显;寄生后期幼线虫进行最后一次蜕皮变为成虫、雌雄成虫交配并产卵,在这一过程中线虫的主要生理活动是将滋养物体中贮存的营养用于生殖系统及卵的发育,因此生殖系统发育明显,而滋养物体逐渐被消耗．生殖系统发育不同时期,雌雄虫糖以及脂肪酸的相对含量均显示出显著差异;含水量和含糖量在寄生后期略有下降后明显上升,而蛋白质和脂肪酸相对含量变化不明显．     

中华卵索线虫cDNA文库的构建

中华卵索线虫(Ovomermis sinensis)是一种宝贵的昆虫天敌,宿主广泛,其寄生率即等于宿主的死亡率,生防潜力极大.鉴于cDNA文库在保存稀有物种基因资源与目的基因筛选及其功能研究等方面的优势,实验以中华卵索线虫为材料,采用SMART技术构建其cDNA文库.实验结果表明：滴度为1.16×109 cfu·mL－1,包含6.0×106个克隆.从原始文库中随机挑16个单菌落过夜培养,提取质粒,经XhoⅠ和 PstⅠ双酶切,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明插入片段大小主要集中在0.5～2.0 kb之间,文库重组率接近100%.文库的各项指标均达要求,可用于全长cDNA的筛选,为新基因的获得及其结构功能研究提供了可靠材料,也为今后的生物防治等研究奠定了基础.     

中华卵索线虫寄生对棉铃虫保护酶系的影响

为了解中华卵索线虫致死棉铃虫的机理,观测宿主死亡率发现其与中肠细胞凋亡程度相关,并进一步比较致死期宿主和对照组幼虫超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(CAT),过氧化氢酶(POD),谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性及其基因表达.结果显示:线虫寄生3d时,宿主SOD和POD活性及其基因表达高于对照组且致6.75%的宿主死于黑化;93.25%的宿主于寄生7d后随线虫脱出死亡,其SOD、POD、CAT、GST活性及基因表达均极显著提高,表明线虫致死棉铃虫涉其氧化损伤加速细胞凋亡.此外,宿主丙二醛(MDA)含量未因线虫寄生而提高,提示该过程不产生脂质过氧化反应.本研究不仅有利于该天敌的应用开发,而且可为新型杀虫剂的合成提供参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that