从布郎运动的碰撞机制导出郎之万方程

研究了布郎运动的弹性碰撞机制，证明了布郎粒子的能量均分定理。并且证明由布郎粒子和周围分子的碰撞过程，可以导出郎之万方程，并给出粘滞阻力和随机力的微观解释。     

锥形离心分离机中粒子运动的解与实验研究

作为固液及固气两相流中固体颗粒运动的基础性研究,以旋转锥形分离机为模型,水为介质,对不同尺寸的玻璃粒子在容器内的回转流场中的运动建立了动力学模型,并进行两相流在容器内实施连续流动过程中粒子运动全过程的数值解析与可视化实验.动力学模型中除考虑了传统的力外,还考虑了假想质量力、Basset力、Saffman扬力及压力梯度力等多种力的作用.计算中考虑了锥形容器锥角、流体垂直流速及不同粒子直径等参数.结果发现了容器高度、锥角、垂直水流速度、容器旋转速度以及粒子径与粒子分离时间的相互关系.计算结果得到可视化实验结果验证,并证明了其数学模型的正确性.     

水涡轮机械流场中的颗粒运动

从流体力学的基本理论出发，分析了固体颗粒在任意流场中的受力，导出了该流场中稀疏固体颗粒的运动方程，同时导出了固体颗粒在柱坐标系下的水涡轮机械流场中的运动控制微分方程式，给出了求解颗粒运动的数值计算方法，并求解了固体颗粒在一混流式水轮机转轮流场中的运动轨迹。     

Variational criterion for dissipative structures dominated by coupled mechanisms

By analyzing the similarity between the viscosity-inertia compromise for single fluid in turbulent pipe flow and the particle-fluid compromise in gas-solid fluidization, it is deduced that the variational criterion for dissipative structures dominated jointly by two sub-mechanisms (for instance, viscous effect and inertial effect in turbulent flow; particle movement and fluid movement in fluidization) could be physically expressed as mutually constrained extremum between the individual extremum tendencies of the sub-mechanisms, and could thus be mathematically formulated as a two-objective optimization problem.     

Averaging method of particulate systems and its application to particle-fluid flow in a fluidized bed

A particulate system can be described through the discrete approach at the microscopic level or through the continuum approach at the macroscopic level. It is very significant to develop the method to link the two approaches for the development of models allowing a better understanding of the fundamentals of particulate systems. Several averaging methods have been proposed for this purpose in the past, but they mainly focused on cohesionless particle systems. In this work, a more general averaging method is proposed by extending it for cohesionless particle systems. The application of the method to the particle-fluid flow in a gas fluidized bed is studied. The density, velocity and stress of this flow are examined. A detailed discussion has been conducted to understand the dependence of the averaged variables on sample size.     

湍流态下浮选矿化速率数学模型

根据湍流态下矿粒、气泡的运动情况,引用分子运动理论及胶粒凝并理论,综合考虑流体动力及表面力的作用,建立了矿粒与气泡碰撞矿化的浮选速率数学模型。经纯矿物浮选试验验证,表明所建立的数学模型合理可靠。     

Macro-scale pseudo-particle modeling for particle-fluid systems

Pseudo-particle modeling (PPM) is a particle method (PM) proposed in 1996. Though it is effective for the simulation of microscopic particle-fluid systems, its application to practical systems is still limited by computational cost. In this note, we speed up the computation by using a combination of weighted averaging with finite difference techniques to upgrade the particle interactions to a fluid element level, which conforms to the Navier-Stokes equation. The approach, abbreviated to MaPPM, is then applied to the problem of one-dimensional Poiseuille flow with a quantitative comparison to the results of another related PM—smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), where the accuracy and efficiency of MaPPM is found to be much better than that of SPH. Flows around a cylinder and multiple freely moving particles are also simulated with the new model, resulting in reasonable flow pattern and drag coefficient. The convergence and robustness of the algorithm prove promising.     

Pressure Gradient Force, Saffman Lift, and Magnus Lift on the Fiber-like Particle in Fluid

Flher-like particle suspensions are common in both na-ture and industry, but there is little work reported on it.The forces acting on the fiber - like particle in fluid arestudied in this paper, and the Magnus lift, Saffman lift,pressure gradient force, and then the dynamics modelhave been received. The numerical study of the simpleshear flow past the cylinders shows that the particles 'motion is controlled by the vortex.     

水平轴风机旋转叶片非线性动力学模型的建立及分析

 对不同风速下水平轴风力发电机旋转叶片的非线性动力学问题进行了研究,将水平轴风力发电机的旋转叶片简化为做定轴转动的柔性旋转悬臂梁,同时考虑叶片的气动力、弹性力和惯性力,建立了脉动风速作用下水平轴风力发电机旋转叶片的非线性动力学模型,利用牛顿定律建立了转动坐标系下叶片的动力学方程,并利用Galerkin离散方法将系统的运动偏微分方程离散为常微分方程。针对1/2亚谐共振-1:3内共振情形,考虑到方程中存在二次非线性项,采用渐进摄动法对该方程进行摄动分析,将其转化为直角坐标下的平均方程。通过数值模拟,得到这种共振情况下的二维相图、三维相图、波形图和频谱图,分析了风速的变化对旋转叶片振动的影响。数值结果表明,随着风速的增大,系统会重复呈现周期运动—混沌运动—周期运动。     

粘弹性纤维在均匀变形流场中的悬浮动力学

本文以三珠二杆粘弹性铰接的珠链作为纤维的模型,用将珠链运动分解为准刚体运动和纯变形运动的方法,对粘弹性珠链纤维在均匀变形流场中的悬浮运动进行了研究。得到了纤维速度,加速度分布公式,纤维平均取向的角速度南纤维纯变形运动方程。并发现,在纤维质心运动方程中,集中在纤维质心上的各圆珠的斯托克斯阻力之矢量和就等于流体作用于纤维质心的斯托克斯阻力;在纤维相对于质心的动量矩方程中,力矩是准刚珠链纤维中各圆珠上相对于纤维质心的斯托克斯阻力矩之矢量和。特别是在不计纤维惯性、重力和浮力的条件下,当纤维刚直并作平面运动时,其角速度与同样条件下无限长径比椭球角速度的 Jeffery 公式完全一致。     

两相物质组成对泥石流固相流速特征的影响

固相颗粒流速是研究泥石流冲击力和防治结构荷载取值的关键问题。本文基于水槽模型试验,采用粒子图像测试技术提取了黏性泥石流表面固相颗粒流速,基于两相流模型探讨了浆体黏度、固相体积浓度与颗粒粒径对泥石流固相粗颗粒流速特征的影响。结果表明：泥石流龙头现象随浆体黏度与固相体积浓度增大而减弱;固液相相对运动随浆体黏度增加而减弱,大黏度与小粒径组合条件下消失;固相颗粒流速随浆体黏度与固相体积浓度呈正相关,与颗粒粒径呈负相关。两相物质组成影响固相颗粒间的摩擦力与/或碰撞力、浆体施加的粘滞阻力、拖曳力与虚拟质量力,其对流速的影响还需进一步深入研究。     

SLK涡流选粉机重力分级区内颗粒的运动特性

 选粉机内颗粒的重力分级对后续离心分级有重要影响。为研究颗粒在选粉机重力分级区内的运动特性,在对颗粒进行受力分析的基础上,分别建立y向和x 向颗粒运动方程,通过理论分析探索了颗粒在y 向和x 向的运动特性。运用计算流体力学理论,考察重力分级区内气流速度在y 向和x 向的变化规律,研究不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹。结果表明,重力分级区内气流速度在y向上递增,颗粒在y 向做速度不断增大的变加速运动;气流速度在x 向上由返料锥近壁端向远壁端递减,颗粒在x 向做速度不断减小的变减速运动。研究结果可为选粉机的设计提供理论参考和数据基础。     

喷动流化床气固流动特性的三维数值模拟

采用离散元方法（DEM）,在用欧拉方法处理气相场的同时用拉格朗日方法处理离散颗粒场,对喷动流化床煤部分气化炉内的气固流动进行了三维数值模拟．直接跟踪床内每一个离散颗粒,考虑了碰撞力、携带力、重力、剪切提升力和Magnus升力,颗粒碰撞采用软球模型．获得了喷动流化床典型操作参数下的流动结构、颗粒的受力、颗粒的速度分布、气体和颗粒的湍流强度等结果．结果表明,颗粒之间碰撞率随着喷动气速的增大而增大,随粒径的增大而减小,然而颗粒与壁面的碰撞率受喷动气速和粒径的影响不明显．颗粒的运动受重力、携带力和碰撞力主导,除喷动区与环形区交界外,Magnus力和Saffman力可以忽略．气体湍流强度是颗粒湍流强度的2～3倍,近壁面区的气体和颗粒的湍流强度均较小．     

基于DEM的埋管鼓泡流化床内颗粒运动特性模拟

该文采用离散单元法(DEM)对水平埋管的鼓泡流化床内颗粒流化过程进行了数值模拟研究。DEM方法通过求解Newton方程来模拟颗粒的运动过程,气相仍采用连续流方法模拟。因此,DEM方法能够获得颗粒尺度量级的详细结果。通过模拟不同埋管布置方式下流化床内密相区颗粒流化过程,研究了埋管布置方式对于鼓泡流化床内的颗粒运动的影响。结果表明:埋管布置方式会改变床层有效流通面积和埋管对颗粒的阻碍作用等,从而影响流化床内的颗粒群和气泡形态。埋管数量越多,颗粒与埋管由于相互作用而消耗的能量越大,平均颗粒速度和颗粒温度值越低。不同的埋管布置方式会导致颗粒混合速率的差异,增加埋管数量会降低颗粒混合程度。     

Resonances arising from hydrodynamic memory in Brownian motion

Observation of the Brownian motion of a small probe interacting with its environment provides one of the main strategies for characterizing soft matter. Essentially, two counteracting forces govern the motion of the Brownian particle. First, the particle is driven by rapid collisions with the surrounding solvent molecules, referred to as thermal noise. Second, the friction between the particle and the viscous solvent damps its motion. Conventionally, the thermal force is assumed to be random and characterized by a Gaussian white noise spectrum. The friction is assumed to be given by the Stokes drag, suggesting that motion is overdamped at long times in particle tracking experiments, when inertia becomes negligible. However, as the particle receives momentum from the fluctuating fluid molecules, it also displaces the fluid in its immediate vicinity. The entrained fluid acts back on the particle and gives rise to long-range correlations. This hydrodynamic 'memory' translates to thermal forces, which have a coloured, that is, non-white, noise spectrum. One hundred years after Perrin's pioneering experiments on Brownian motion, direct experimental observation of this colour is still elusive. Here we measure the spectrum of thermal noise by confining the Brownian fluctuations of a microsphere in a strong optical trap. We show that hydrodynamic correlations result in a resonant peak in the power spectral density of the sphere's positional fluctuations, in strong contrast to overdamped systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate different strategies to achieve peak amplification. By analogy with microcantilever-based sensors, our results reveal that the particle-fluid-trap system can be considered a nanomechanical resonator in which the intrinsic hydrodynamic backflow enhances resonance. Therefore, instead of being treated as a disturbance, details in thermal noise could be exploited for the development of new types of sensor and particle-based assay in lab-on-a-chip applications.     

过渡流搅拌槽内单颗粒悬浮特性的实验研究

利用高速摄像技术对过渡流搅拌槽内单颗粒的运动特性进行捕捉,分析了搅拌雷诺数及桨叶离底高度对颗粒悬浮运动的影响规律,并使用二维粒子图像测速技术得到搅拌槽内的流场信息。研究结果表明：颗粒的临界悬浮转速随桨叶离底高度的降低而降低;桨叶离底高度对颗粒在槽底的运动影响较大;颗粒在垂直离底悬浮后,于桨盘下方附近螺旋上升或作持续的螺旋状圆周运动;搅拌雷诺数升高对颗粒垂直上升的最大高度和最大速度影响较小,但会减小垂直上升过程中桨盘的转动圈数;颗粒螺旋上升是由于轴向流场在颗粒停滞位置向两侧产生了分叉;颗粒的悬浮主要是由流体的主体流动引起的。     

颗粒流体两相流模拟方法的讨论和展望

根据建立模型时对系统分解方法的不同,将颗粒流体两相流模型分为双介质模型和两相模型两类。通过分析颗粒流体两相流的流动特性和两类模型的优缺点,提出了结合两类模型的模拟方法,即:用两相模型分析系统的不均匀结构、操作模式和流域转换,用双介质模型分析均匀系统流场和动态行为,对于非均匀颗粒流体系统结合两类模型,实现对颗粒流体两相流流动特性的完整认识。     

固体颗粒在竖直向上管内流场中的运动规律

对单个颗粒在竖直向上管内层流、紊流中及在液体发生相变时的运动规律进行了较为系统全面的分析,建立了计算方程。研究结果表明,颗粒在随流体轴向运动的同时还存在向管中心方向的径向迁移。固体颗粒到达管中心后会随流体一直向上运动。在近壁面处存在一个流化死区,流化死区的大小与流体流态、固体颗粒的大小和密度有关。固体颗粒尺寸及密度愈大,流速愈小,则流化死区愈大。液体相变对颗粒的运动也产生重要的影响。当热流密度不是很大,液体流量较小且在起始截面处的液相为单相饱和液体时,管内相变会对固体颗粒的运动规律产生明显的影响;而当液体流量较大且为紊流流动时,这一影响较弱     

钉螺吸附能力的测试

为了防止钉螺经水渠随水流扩散 ,必须研究钉螺在水中的运动规律 钉螺的吸附力是研究钉螺运动规律的基本数据 介绍了钉螺吸附能力测试方法及内容 ,分析了各种因素对钉螺吸附能力的影响     

Novel flow behaviors induced by a solid particle in nanochannels: Poiseuille and Couette

We conducted a molecular dynamics(MD)simulation to address the novel flow behaviors induced by a solid particle in nanochannels.Two basic flows,i.e.,Poiseuille and Couette,are involved in this study.For Poiseuille flow,the distribution of number density exhibits fluctuations in the center of channel and near the walls,which are caused by the strong interactions from the atoms of particle and walls.For stronger external driving forces,the fluid atoms move toward the center of channel and some cavities appear in the fluidic zone.Greater external driving forces and bigger particles make the fluid moving quickly in nanochannels.For Couette flow,the particle rotates under the velocity difference among particle atoms in the shear flows.The fluid atoms near the walls become infrequent and move to the center of channel.The velocities of the centrally-located fluid atoms decrease owing to the particle,resulting in an untypical non-linear Couette flow.In summary,the solid particle brings new fluid–solid interface and interactions,which induce several novel behaviors in nanochannel flows.