织物的动态传热传湿性能研究

文章探讨了织物的动态传热传湿性能,认为织物的传热和传湿是相互影响的,为此设计了一台织物的动态传热传湿性能测定仪,对织物在经历干燥—吸湿—放湿—干燥整个过程中所传导的热量(包括干热和湿热)进行了测量.根据测量得到的热流量曲线,本文提出了四个衡量织物动态传热传湿性能的指标,实验结果证明,所用指标能较好地反映织物的动态传导性能。结果表明,经织物所传递的热量大小与织物自身的传湿散热性能有关,湿阻小散热性能好的织物其测得的单位时间内传递的热量值较大.     

IN RELATION TO CLOTHING COMFORT DYNAMIC MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH FABRICS

A sweating apparatus has been developed to permit simultaneous measurement for fabric temperature change and relative humidity change at outer still air layer of fabrics. In this paper, we compared the temperature and relative humidity changes for silk fabrics with polyester fabrics and got GM(1,P) relation models respectively between maximum fabric temperature change, maximum relative humidity change at outer still air layer and relative fabric character parameters. Furthermore, by comparing the objective experiments with subjective wear trials, it is found that the amounts of the change rate of fabric temperature and relative humidity at outer still layer are the most important factors which influence clothing comfort in dynamic moisture transfer condition. The more the changes of temperature and R.H., the more the mugginess and the thermal sensation.     

A STUDY OF FINE DENIER POLYPROPYLENE FIBER KNITTED FABRICS'''' WET COMFORT——THE WET COMFORT STUDIED BY THE NORMAL OBJECTIVE TEST

Based on the theory of moisture vapor permeability and liquid moisture transmission through fabric, this paper is mainly concerned with the wet comfort of the fine denier polypropylene fiber knitted fabrics. The liquid water transport property the liquid water retention property, the moisture permeability property, the moisture releasing and drying property of these fabrics are tested by normal objective ways and discussed. At last, according to these properties these fabries are classified by grey model synthetic evaluation method.     

表面改性对织物湿传递性能影响

将实验用织物进行了亲水性和拒水性整理，使用织物微气候仪，利用汽态湿传递和液态湿传递方法研究了织物热湿传递性能。实验结果表明，无论经过亲水性整理或拒水性整理，织物的水汽湿传递性能均无明显变化，而织物液态湿传递性能却发生了显著变化。在织物液态湿传递过程中，影响其传递性能的主要因素是织物的毛细吸水效应。     

The Mechanism of Negative-ion Generation of Natural Fiber Fabrics

Generally there are three kinds of substances used as negative-ion generator in textiles, natural silicate minerals （ceramic/tourmaline）, natural rare-earth minerals and natural sediment with ultra-fine pores. Based on different additive, the mechanism of negative-ion generation is largely divided into three kinds, the piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity of tourmaline crystal, air ionization caused by low-level radiation and breaking up of the clusters of moisture in air when going through the ultra-free pores of natural sediment. In this paper, the negative-ion generating properties of natural fiber fabrics-cctton, wool, silk and linen were first proposed. By some kind of physical stimulation, rubbing or vibrating, natural fiber fabrics without any additive could also emit negative ions. Considering that the piezoelectric effect was observed in wool fibers, silk fibers and cellulose fibers, the piezoelectricity was studied as a mechanism of negative-ion generation of natural fiber fabrics. Another possible mechanism was the tribeelectricity produced by the sense of ntbbtng or vibrating and tip discharge of hairiness. The Final experiment results verified that the latter would be the main reason, and the electrolytic dissociation of moisture was also contributing to negative-ion generation.     

吸湿排汗涤纶织物性能评价

采用新的液态水动态传递性能测定方法,对市场上的26种吸湿排汗面料进行评估,用聚类分析方法把吸湿排汗面料分为5类,消费者可以根据不同的要求选用某一类吸湿排汗面料.这里有73%的面料被分至吸湿排汗效果良好及以上的类别中.用分类方法比较不同截面异形纤维的吸湿排汗效果.     

人工气候条件下的人体着装试验的研究

本文通过物理试验方法对棉、毛、丝、棉麻及毛涤五种面料进行性能测试,得出其风格数值、透湿阻抗.为了反映面料对人的生理、心理的影响,有必要在人工气候条件下进行人体模拟着装试验,得出面料的人体舒适感觉值。借助多元线性回归方法,通过物理测试与人体试验的对照分析,发现它们之间具有良好的一致性。     

回潮率对纤维集合体非稳态导热性能的影响

通过实验观测，研究存在于纤维中的水分时纤维集合体非稳态导热性能的影响．纤维集合体的非稳态导热过程不同于一般的均质介质，时回潮率的大小和环境温度的高低比较敏感．纤维集合体内部受热后所释放的水蒸气时热传递有双重作用，直接影响了其非稳态导热性质．     

INVESTIGATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DYNAMIC HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSMISSIONS THROUGH FABRICS

In this paper, the dynamic heat and moisture transmissions through fabrics are investigated, and their interaction manner is discussed. The essentials of the apparatus developed for measuring the amount of heat flow through fabrics during the whole period of simulated sweating action is reported. The registered heat flow flux in a continuous curve form covering the complete dry-wet-dry cycle of the sample is presented. Interpretation of the feature of the curve and indexes for characterizing the wearing comfort property of fabrics are suggested.     

织物稳态和动态传湿性能测定

织物的透湿性能与织物的空隙率大小和织物的吸湿散湿性能有关,在织物达吸湿平衡前,织物的传湿速率是变化的。本文自制了织物湿阻仪。用本仪器对织物动态传湿性能进行了测定,同时也对织物稳态传湿阻力进行了测定。测试过程可以在各种温度梯度和各种湿度梯度条件下进行,若同时调整织物距测试表面间的距离,就可以改变被测试样所在处的水汽浓度大小,因此本仪器具有较大的适用性。对织物稳态传湿性能的测定一般仅需半小时左右。     

夏季服装面料的舒适性研究

通过人工气倏条件下的人体穿着试验，探讨了出汗对夏季服装面料舒适性的影响。研究表明在人体没有出汗的条件下，柔软度是影响夏季服装面料舒适性的主要因素。在人体出汗的条件下，服装面料的舒适性普遍降低，其中涤纶面料的舒适性降低最为显著，主要原因是由于涤纶纤维的吸湿性差。     

Moisture Absorption, Mass Loss and Evaporative Resistance of Clothing in Transient Condition

The water vapour resistance of clothing ensembles is not as commonly determined as dry thermal insulation. The measurement techniques are more complicated and the measurement values differ among laboratories. Due to complicated moisture transfer process through clothing ensemble, the moisture absorbed and evaporated varies in transient and steady state phases depending on properties, thickness of clothing, and environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to measure moisture gain inside hygroscopic underwear, and hydrophobic and permeable outer wear as a function of time, to investigate mass loss from ＂skin＂ as well as from the manikin, to quantify evaporative heat loss and total heat loss from the manikin, and to determine water vaponr resistance of clothing. Manikin Tore was used by wearing wet ＂skin＂ to simulate sweating condition. Moisture content in the inner garment gain shows an exponential relation against time. Moisture in the outer permeable layer shows little gain. On the contrary, mass loss directly from the wet skin decreases exponentially. The mass loss from the manikin is relatively stable throughout three test phases. The evaporative heat loss is about 2/3 of the total heat loss from the sweating manikin. While measuring the evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles with hygroscopic inner garment and permeable outer garment, unlike to measure ensembles with impermeable outer layer, one hour measurement time is enough to get relatively stable results. The variation between the 1^rt hour and the 3^nd hour is less than 5%. The length of transient period and measurement time is dependent on the permeability, thickness of clothing ensembles and environmental conditions.     

细旦丙纶针织物湿舒适性研究——常规客观试验方法测试研究

针对国内新近研制开发的细旦丙纶纤维,本文依据服装舒适性理论,运用常规客观测试方法,对细旦丙纶针织物的液态水传递能力、液态水保持能力、透气性能,放湿干燥性能进行了探讨,最后用灰色聚类判别分析法进行了综合评价。     

Study on Dynamic Heat-moisture Transfer Properties of Summer Fabrics Using Microclimatic Method

The temporature and humidity of the microclimatic zone of summer fabrics in the course of sweating - evaporating -drying were measured with an apparatus specially made for the purpose. It is pointed out that temperature and humidity changes in quantitative perspiration evaporation process in the microclimatic zone can express the dynamic heatmoisture comfortability. Characteristic values include temperature decline speed, temperature rising speed, humidity rising speed, humidity balance value, and humidity decline speed. Fabrics with good air permeability are beneficial to improving comfortability of summer fabrics, while temperature rising speed and humidity decline speed in the microclimatic zone of thick and heavy fabrics with good hygroscopicity are relatively slow. Through comparing fabrics‘ dynamic heat-moisture curves obtained respectively with Microcllmatic Method and Heat Loss Method, the two methods are identical essentially.     

Study on the Factors to Influence Dynamic Heat - moisture Comfort of Summer Clothing Fabrics

In this paper, the factors to influence the dynamic heat - moisture comfort of summer clothing fabrics have been studied. It is pointed out that, when the wind speed outside is high, or the air permeability is very good, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through turbulent diffusion. Because of the rapid sweat evaporation, human body will feel cold, and then, the difference in temperature and humidity of the micro - climatic section will be very slight. On the contrary, when the wind speed outside is slow or the air permeability is unsatisfactory, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through molecular diffusion, and in this case, the humidity of the micro - climatic section will be depended on the hygroscopicity of the fabric, that' s to say, the better the hygroscopicity, the lower the humidity. It is difficult for pure wool fabric to loss heat because of its giving out much heat during the course of moisture - absorption in the initial stages of sweating. For pure polyester fabric,     

合成纤维织物和棉织物热风干燥特性的实验研究

采用合成纤维和棉织物作为实验样品，对纤维织物的热风干燥过程进行了实验研究，得到了在不同干燥工况条件下的纤维织物温度和干基含水率变化曲线，对合成纤维织物和棉织物的表面温度和干基含水率变化特性进行了仔细分析。在热风干燥中，织物温度与干基含水率均存在4个 阶段的变化，不同的织物具有不同的干燥特性。织物的干燥是在恒速干燥阶段完成，其干燥速率由水分表面气化速度所控制；纤维织物热风干燥的临界含水率约为10％左右，降低织物的临界含水率和延长织物的恒速干燥阶段时间均有助于提高织物的干燥质量。     

夏季服用织物动态热湿舒适性的影响因素研究

利用自制的织物动态热湿性能测试仪测定了不同透气性和不同原料的夏季服用织物在皮肤干燥-出汗-蒸发-干燥的过程中的皮肤热损失、微气候区温湿度变化的情况,研究了影响夏季服用织物动态热湿舒适性的因素,指出在外界风速较大或织物的透气量较大时,汗液蒸发是通过紊流扩散进行,由于汗液的快速蒸发,可能使人体产生冷感,此时不同织物的微气候区温湿度差别很小,当外界风速小或织物的透气性小时,汗液的蒸发通过分子扩散进行,此时微气候区的湿度主要受织物吸湿能力的影响,吸湿能力较强时湿度低,纯涤织物在出汗后,由于微气候区湿度较高,将使人产生闷热感,在出汗结束后降温较多可能产生冷感,不宜作为夏季服用织物,纯毛织物因吸湿放热多在出汗初期升温较高,不利于散热,夏季以穿着纯棉、涤棉、毛涤混纺织物的服装为宜.     

Coolmax织物湿舒适性能的灰色聚类分析

对Coolmax织物、棉、涤纶、涤棉织物的芯吸效应、保水率、干燥率、透湿性、透气性进行了测试分析；并通过人体穿着试验对服装的湿舒适性进行了评价；最后利用灰色聚类分析对6种织物的湿舒适性能做了综合评价。结果表明：Coolmax织物的湿舒适性能优于普通涤纶、棉、涤棉织物；客观试验与主观穿着试验的结果具有较好的一致性。     

Thermal Protective Performance of Heat and Flame Resistant Fabrics in Different Radiant and Convective Heat Exposures

The thermal protective performance （TPP） is important for heat and flame resistant fabrics. In this study, fabrics which are made of flame resistant cotton, Nomex, polybenzimidazole （PBI）, polysulfonamide （PSA）, kermel, and blend of kermei with rayon fiber are investigated on high intensity of different radiant and convective heat source. The mechanism of heat transfer in different situations is discussed. It is identified that exposed candition has an important effect on thermal protective performance. TPP rating increases with the increasing percentage of convective heat.     

经编间隔织物的结构与性能

介绍了经编间隔织物的三维结构，分析了该织物结构和原料选用对间隔织物性能的影响，着重分析了织物抗压性能的影响因素．在对其结构研究和分析的基础上，发现经编间隔织物具有优良的抗压弹性、透气性、导湿性和吸音性．对经编间隔织物的新品开发具有积极的指导意义，