温度对激光场引起的纳米管声子增益影响

讨论了强激光场下单壁纳米管的声子增益效应. 采用含时微扰方法计算了不同温度下声子占据数随时间的变化率(声子增益系数). 计算结果表明,在强激光场下纳米管中的声子占据数随时间非线性增加,增益系数与温度和激光场强都有关系. 随着温度升高,声子增益系数迅速减小;在确定的温度情况下,激光场强越强,声子增益效应越明显,并对这个现象给出了合理的物理解释.     

EfectsofAntiparamagnonsonPhononsinHighTemperatureSuperconductors

利用包括电子—声子相互作用在内的单能带Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ模型，我们研究高温超导体中的强反铁磁自旋涨落（反铁磁子）对声子的影响。使用近反铁磁费米液体模型的磁化率，我们计算了由反铁磁子所产生的声子自能，发现声子与反铁磁子杂化而形成新的激发模。     

6-光子激光的Sub-Poisson光子统计增强

本利用量子电动力学理论，首次对6—光子Jaynes-Cummings模型中单模强激光场的稳态Sub-Poisson光子统计特性进行了详细研究．结果表明：在窄带泵浦共振相互作用条件下，当激光系统在高增益、低损耗状态下工作时，光场将呈现出深度且完全恒定的Sub-Poisson光子统计．与献[6—9]的结果相比，6-光子激光其光场Sub-Poisson光子统计的程度增强．     

光激励下的半导体纳米材料中杂质对超声的吸收研究

研究了在激光场中晶格振动与杂质核相互作用下,具有无限势垒量子阱结构半导体中的超声衰减问题.电子吸收声子不能从受体杂质能"带"跃迁到第一量子能级导带,但在高频激光场中却会发生,激光场补充电子跃迁吸收声子所需能量.对总超声吸收系数进行了推算,并将此结果应用到纳米砷化镓(GaAs/AlGaAs)量子阱样品中,发现其总吸声系数比相应的传统物质的吸收系数大得多.     

MgB2薄膜的超导电性

采用平面波赝势方法计算了MgB2超导薄膜的电子结构.结果发现,表面层B(S)在费米能级处的态密度显著增强.在线性响应的密度泛函微扰理论框架下计算了MgB2薄膜的动力学性质及电-声子相互作用,分析了MgB2超导薄膜在Γ点的振动模的频率.结果发现,MgB2薄膜中的声子存在软化现象,并且声子的软化提高了电-声子相互作用,从而增强了薄膜的超导电性.     

N维极化子的内激发态

本文计及电子发射和吸收多个虚声子对板化子的影响,用改进了的线性组合算符法讨论了N端极性晶体中极化子的性质,计算了极化子的第一内激发态的能量、有效质量、平均声于数,给出了极化子基态和第一内激发态之间的激发能与电子-声子耦合常数的关系式,结果表明:对第一内激发态,极化子效应随维度的降低而显著增强.     

两纠缠原子与光场Raman相互作用过程中光场的压缩特性

研究了两纠缠原子与相干态光场Raman相互作用过程中光场的压缩特性及两原子初始纠缠度和系统耦合常数对光场压缩的影响.数值计算表明:光场较弱时,系统光场的涨落可以被压缩,且随着初始两原子纠缠度的增加,光场涨落的平均值下移,压缩深度增加,压缩时间延长,在初始时刻两原子处于最大纠缠态时,系统光场压缩效应最明显.     

飞秒激光激发磁性薄膜产生相干声学声子的研究

飞秒激光脉冲和磁性薄膜中的MnIr层相互作用激发了初始相位为90°,在薄膜中传播速度为4 300 m/s的相干声学声子,该声学声子的振动频率与激光能量密度无关,与该磁性薄膜总厚度成反比.相干声学声子的产生机理可能为飞秒激光激发磁性薄膜的电子,使电子温度急剧上升,随后由于激光吸收而强度减弱形成了一个瞬间的随深度增加而减小的电子温度梯度,使晶格在深度方向相干振荡,即激发了声学声子.另外,外磁场的变化对声学声子的频率的影响在实验误差范围内,说明磁相互作用和晶格中的电相互作用相比是非常弱的.     

非绝热量子晶格涨落效应作用下准一维电-声子系统的带间跃迁光吸收谱

通过正则变换和位移变换引进电－声子散射函数,并采用ＨＦ平均场近似方法,研究非绝热条件下量子晶格涨落对准一维电－声子系统带间跃迁光吸收谱的影响,得到了与实验观测结果相符合的无反平方根奇异并具有能隙内带尾的光吸收系数。     

激光场中固体温度的变化对光声信号强度影响

研究了激光场中固体温度的变化对光声信号强度的影响。研究结果表明,当输入的激光功率一定时,固体温度升高会使光声信号强度减弱的结论：当固体的温度不变时,光声信号强度随激光场和频率的增大而减弱。     

Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in manipulating matter with light, and light with matter. Resonant laser fields interacting with cold, dense atom clouds provide a particularly rich system. Such light fields interact strongly with the internal electrons of the atoms, and couple directly to external atomic motion through recoil momenta imparted when photons are absorbed and emitted. Ultraslow light propagation in Bose-Einstein condensates represents an extreme example of resonant light manipulation using cold atoms. Here we demonstrate that a slow light pulse can be stopped and stored in one Bose-Einstein condensate and subsequently revived from a totally different condensate, 160 mum away; information is transferred through conversion of the optical pulse into a travelling matter wave. In the presence of an optical coupling field, a probe laser pulse is first injected into one of the condensates where it is spatially compressed to a length much shorter than the coherent extent of the condensate. The coupling field is then turned off, leaving the atoms in the first condensate in quantum superposition states that comprise a stationary component and a recoiling component in a different internal state. The amplitude and phase of the spatially localized light pulse are imprinted on the recoiling part of the wavefunction, which moves towards the second condensate. When this 'messenger' atom pulse is embedded in the second condensate, the system is re-illuminated with the coupling laser. The probe light is driven back on and the messenger pulse is coherently added to the matter field of the second condensate by way of slow-light-mediated atomic matter-wave amplification. The revived light pulse records the relative amplitude and phase between the recoiling atomic imprint and the revival condensate. Our results provide a dramatic demonstration of coherent optical information processing with matter wave dynamics. Such quantum control may find application in quantum information processing and wavefunction sculpting.     

Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses

Electromagnetically induced transparency is a quantum interference effect that permits the propagation of light through an otherwise opaque atomic medium; a 'coupling' laser is used to create the interference necessary to allow the transmission of resonant pulses from a 'probe' laser. This technique has been used to slow and spatially compress light pulses by seven orders of magnitude, resulting in their complete localization and containment within an atomic cloud. Here we use electromagnetically induced transparency to bring laser pulses to a complete stop in a magnetically trapped, cold cloud of sodium atoms. Within the spatially localized pulse region, the atoms are in a superposition state determined by the amplitudes and phases of the coupling and probe laser fields. Upon sudden turn-off of the coupling laser, the compressed probe pulse is effectively stopped; coherent information initially contained in the laser fields is 'frozen' in the atomic medium for up to 1 ms. The coupling laser is turned back on at a later time and the probe pulse is regenerated: the stored coherence is read out and transferred back into the radiation field. We present a theoretical model that reveals that the system is self-adjusting to minimize dissipative loss during the 'read' and 'write' operations. We anticipate applications of this phenomenon for quantum information processing.     

Tunable amplification and absorption properties in double-Λ system of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

We study the optical amplification and absorption properties in a double-Λ four level system of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells(MQWs) under realistic experimental conditions.The amplification and absorption responses of two weak fields can be achieved by adjusting the relative phase,the probe detuning,and the two pump Rabi frequencies appropriately.The investigation is much more practical than its atomic counterpart because of its flexible design and the wide adjustable parameters.It may provide a new possibility in technological applications for the light amplifier working on quantum coherence effects in MQWs solid-state system.     

标量场和Higgs场激发Robertson-Walker宇宙的量子共形涨落

分析了共形耦合无质量标量场及共形耦合Higgs场激发Robertson Walker宇宙的量子共形涨落,得到在经典奇异点处,虽然量子共形涨落发散,但有效度规不为零,因而量子共形涨落可消除经典奇异性.在Higgs场作为源的情形,讨论了Higgs场场粒子质量对时空性质的影响.     

Atomic inner-shell X-ray laser at 1.46 nanometres pumped by an X-ray free-electron laser

Since the invention of the laser more than 50 years ago, scientists have striven to achieve amplification on atomic transitions of increasingly shorter wavelength. The introduction of X-ray free-electron lasers makes it possible to pump new atomic X-ray lasers with ultrashort pulse duration, extreme spectral brightness and full temporal coherence. Here we describe the implementation of an X-ray laser in the kiloelectronvolt energy regime, based on atomic population inversion and driven by rapid K-shell photo-ionization using pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser. We established a population inversion of the Kα transition in singly ionized neon at 1.46 nanometres (corresponding to a photon energy of 849 electronvolts) in an elongated plasma column created by irradiation of a gas medium. We observed strong amplified spontaneous emission from the end of the excited plasma. This resulted in femtosecond-duration, high-intensity X-ray pulses of much shorter wavelength and greater brilliance than achieved with previous atomic X-ray lasers. Moreover, this scheme provides greatly increased wavelength stability, monochromaticity and improved temporal coherence by comparison with present-day X-ray free-electron lasers. The atomic X-ray lasers realized here may be useful for high-resolution spectroscopy and nonlinear X-ray studies.     

典型组合形体空间膜结构风振响应的数值分析

摘要：
对山脉型空间膜结构进行数值模拟与比较分析,研究膜帽处开敞与封闭情形、不同风速情形下的膜结构风振响应,包括位移响应、速度响应、加速度响应等.研究显示,膜帽开敞、封闭与否对结构最大位移响应影响较小;结构在膜结构顶帽封闭情形下的最大加速度响应明显大于膜结构顶帽开敞情形;位移瞬态放大系数在膜帽开敞情形下大于封闭情形.在一定风速范围内,开敞情形下结构竖向最大位移响应随风速增大而增大,而结构位移的瞬态放大系数随着风速增大变化不明显.文中的研究成果可供膜结构工程抗风设计参考. 关键词：
膜结构; 流固耦合; 风致动力响应; 位移瞬态放大系数 中图分类号： TU 312.1
文献标志码： A     

柔性铰链微夹持机构的研究

在研究柔性铰链的基础上，介绍了平面柔性铰链微夹持机构的设计与制作，并对此进行了张合实验．利用解析法和实验，分别得出了平面柔性铰链夹持机构的放大倍数和总张合量．通过调整杠杆机构各个臂长之间的关系，就可以改变微夹持机构的放大倍数和输出的大小，夹持部分的张和量是输入位移的96倍。研究结果表明，平面柔性铰链微夹持机构的输入和输出位移具有良好的线性度，放大倍数可以根据需要进行调整．采用压电陶瓷作为动力组件，通过对压电陶瓷施加电压的调节来精确控制其张合量的大小，可用于对微型零件的操作，因此具有精度高、易控制、性能稳定的优点，可集成于微型装配系统中，并具有广阔的应用前景．     

面向高精度放大比的微动机构设计与实现

以一种微位移放大模块为研究对象,提出一种以高精度放大比为目标的参数设计方法. 根据伪刚体模型法建立各柔性单元的变形协调关系,利用拉格朗日能量守恒原理推导出系统能量与柔性单元位移的对应关系,在此基础上采用系统能量均布原则使得结构参数关联化,实现了微位移放大模块结构参数的层递式设计. 同时应用有限元ANSYS软件对微位移放大模块进行仿真分析,对比分析表明该理论计算方法与软件仿真结果偏差为6.25%,为面向高精度放大比的微动机构参数设计提供了理论依据.      

基于原型观测的水电站厂房结构振动分析

由于规范中用以计算动位移的动荷载与实际情况有一定出入，为了找出最主要的垂向动荷载，并提出计算厂房结构垂向动位移的方法，根据原型观测资料结合信号分析技术分析了水电站正常运行时尾水脉动、水轮机顶盖压力脉动、项盖垂向振动、推力轴承垂向振动、下机架基础垂向振动和机墩顶部垂向振动之间的位移与频率关系，并详细阐述了水电站厂房结构内的动荷载情况，指出各种动荷载可能产生的作用及影响，对某些荷载的量级做了初步估算，进而找出最主要的垂向动荷载——轴向水推力的脉动．结果表明，顶盖压力脉动与尾水脉动是轴向水推力脉动的主要原因，规范规定的垂向动荷载偏大．最后，基于实测资料对厂房结构进行三维有FIt元反馈分析，提出了一种计算厂房结构垂向动位移的方法。