3D C/SiC复合材料的力学性能

对三维四向编织结构炭纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料的弯曲、断裂韧性和拉伸性能进行研究,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察材料的断口形貌,获得该材料主要的力学性能及破坏规律.研究结果表明:三维C/SiC复合材料具有较高的弯曲强度和断裂韧性,最高值分别为465 MPa和15.1 MPa·m1/2;界面结合适中的材料纤维与纤维束被大量拔出,表现出较好的假塑性断裂特征;材料的拉伸强度最高达到168 MPa:材料在拉伸过程中,其纤维束在外力作用下向受力的轴向靠拢,纤维束间的夹角减少,材料总应变增加.     

硅酸铝短纤维/铝合金复合材料的断口分析

利用SEM观察了硅酸铝短纤维/铝合金复合材料的拉伸断口,发现陶瓷增强相主要有三种破坏形式;当纤维沿拉伸方向的有效长径比超过临界值时纤维以断裂破坏为主;(近似)垂直于拉伸载荷的纤维因承受横向拉伸导致界面或纤维开裂而发生脱附;机械损伤及不均匀热收缩在陶瓷颗粒内产生的应力导致大颗粒发生开裂.纤维断裂能有效提高复合材料的强度;纤维脱附及颗粒开裂对材料的强度没有贡献.     

环氧树脂/聚醚砜/纳米氧化铝复合材料的力学性能及介电性能

以甲基纳迪克酸酐(MNA)为固化剂,制备了环氧树脂/聚醚砜/纳米氧化铝三元复合材料,并对其力学性能、介电性能以及热稳定性能进行了研究,同时探讨了其性能增强机理。结果表明:当聚醚砜(PES)和纳米氧化铝(nano-Al_2O_3)的质量分数分别为15%和3%时,环氧树脂/15PES/3Al_2O_3复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到45.7kJ/m~2、87 MPa和180MPa,与纯环氧树脂相比,均有大幅度的提高。在测试频率为100Hz时,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗分别为7.7和0.013 5,介电性能较纯环氧树脂也有一定提高。此外,热分解温度比纯环氧树脂的提高了73℃,热稳定性得到提高。     

平纹叠层SiC/SiC复合材料室温和高温拉伸行为与破坏机理

通过单向拉伸试验,对比研究平纹叠层SiC/SiC复合材料在室温和高温(1 200℃)环境下的宏观力学特性,并采用扫描电镜对试验件断口进行观测,以分析其微观损伤模式和破坏机理.结果表明:平纹叠层SiC/SiC复合材料的室温和高温拉伸应力-应变行为均表现为非线性特征,具有较高的轴向拉伸基体开裂应力;两者拉伸强度相差不大,但高温下的断裂应变比室温下的高.从宏观断口分析可知,两者均呈现韧性断裂,但纤维拔出长度和断口平齐程度有所不同.材料内部产生的基体裂纹大部分与加载方向垂直;断面上经向纤维束发生纵向拉伸断裂破坏,内部存在严重的界面脱粘损伤以及纬向纤维束发生轴向劈裂破坏是材料在室温和高温下的拉伸破坏机理.高温下由于纤维与基体间的界面层在一定程度上被高温氧化而退化失效,使界面结合变弱和界面滑移力降低,从而产生较长的纤维拔出长度,所以高温下材料具有较高的断裂韧性.     

环境温度对碳纤维复合材料层合板力学性能的影响

环境温度对飞机复合材料结构的力学性能有着至关重要的影响。为了更好地掌握碳纤维/树脂基复合材料层合板在不同温度环境下的力学性能变化情况,以W-3021FF/LY 1564 SPT/XB 3487复合材料为研究对象,在湿法成型工艺下,分别在-54℃、25℃(室温)、71℃温度环境下进行拉伸、压缩力学性能试验,并利用扫描电镜显微镜(SEM)对力学性能试样断口进行扫描分析。试验结果表明:与室温环境相比,低温环境下碳纤维与环氧树脂基黏合增强,复合材料层合板的拉伸与压缩强度提高;而高温环境碳纤维与环氧树脂基结合弱化,复合材料试样的拉伸与压缩强度均降低。     

氧化锆纤维增强的氧化铝陶瓷的抗热震性能

在1 650℃下制备氧化锆纤维增强的氧化铝陶瓷复合材料,研究氧化锆纤维添加量对氧化铝陶瓷抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,在温差为1 400℃的循环空冷条件下,加入氧化锆纤维可以明显提高氧化铝陶瓷的热震次数。当添加纤维质量分数为15%时,复合材料热震次数达到最高为30次,比纯氧化铝陶瓷提高20次;复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别比纯氧化铝陶瓷提高62.2%和38.9%,气孔率为6.71%。复合材料力学性能的提高以及适当的气孔率是其抗热震性提高的主要原因。     

PBO纤维的基本性能实验研究

对PBO纤维的拉伸性能、耐热性等物理性能进行了实验测试,并与F-12 和Kevlar-49芳纶纤维进行了对比,对由PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体复合成型的单向纤维增强环形试样,测试了其拉伸强度、弹性模量和层间剪切强度,结果表明：PBO纤维股纱的拉伸强度比F-12和Kevlar-49分别高24.4%和52.8%以上,单向纤维复合材料的拉伸强度分别高约37.2%和92.8%,而热性也高约166℃,但PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面粘结性很差,层间剪切强度仅为23-27MPa。     

Cr_2AlC颗粒增强Cu基复合材料的制备与性能表征

采用热压烧结方法制备以三元层状碳化物陶瓷Cr2AlC为增强相的Cu-Cr2AlC复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和光学显微镜研究复合材料的物相组成和组织形貌;利用维氏硬度仪和万能试验机测试其维氏硬度和抗拉力学性能;利用扫描电镜观察样品拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,当Cr2AlC的体积分数为20%时增强效果最佳,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到230和315MPa;Cu基体晶粒细化及增强颗粒与基体之间良好的界面结合是材料强化的主要原因.     

涂层对氧化铝/耐热钢基复合材料磨料磨损性能的影响

通过化学气相沉积方法在氧化铝颗粒表面分别获得了Ni、TiN涂层。用不同涂层的氧化铝颗粒制备了氧化铝颗粒／耐热钢基复合材料，考察了复合材料在900℃下的磨料磨损抗力，结果表明：包Ni氧化铝复合材料的耐磨性是耐热钢的3．27倍，包TiN氧化铝复合材料的耐磨性是耐热钢的2．66倍。进一步的分析表明，包Ni氧化铝与耐热钢的界面结合强度可由无涂层时的0．67MPa提高到4．05MPa，而包TiN氧化铝与耐热钢的界面结合强度只提高到1．80MPa。较低的界面结合强度会导致氧化铝颗粒整体从基体中脱落，而包TiN氧化铝／耐热钢基复合材料的界面抗高温氧化性较差，也导致氧化铝颗粒易从基体中脱落，这两方面的作用是导致包TiN氧化铝复合材料高温磨料磨损抗力低的主要原因。     

往复镦挤对SiC_p/2024铝基复合材料组织性能的影响

采用室温拉伸测试、扫描电镜及透射电镜等手段研究了往复镦挤变形工艺对SiCp/2024铝基复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,SiCp/2024铝基复合材料经过往复墩挤后,基体组织出现细化,SiC颗粒发生破碎,基体中SiC颗粒由团聚变得分布均匀;在交替剪切变形作用下,基体中的位错发生重组和湮灭,形成细小的亚晶;相对于挤压态,经过4道次变形后,复合材料抗拉强度由271 MPa提高到378 MPa,屈服强度由203MPa提高到260 MPa;经过往复镦挤变形后,拉伸断口以界面脱粘和颗粒断裂方式为主.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that