磁性多层膜Ta/NiO/NiFe/Ta角分辨XPS

磁性多层膜Ta/NiO/NiFe/Ta由磁控溅射方法制备.采用角分辨X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了反铁磁(NiO)/铁磁(NiFe)界面.结果表明,在NiO/NiFe界面发生了化学反应: NiO+Fe = Ni+FeO和3NiO+2Fe =3Ni+Fe2O3,此反应深度约为1～1.5 nm.反应产物将影响NiO对NiFe的交换耦合.     

L1_0-TiAl金属间化合物3d过渡金属合金化力学性能计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法研究了TiAl-X(X为3d过渡金属)超胞合金体系的几何、能量与弹性常数.通过计算、比较、分析Ti7Al8X与Ti8Al7X超胞的合金形成能,得出3d过渡金属在L10-TiAl合金中的占位情况:Sc、V和Cr主要优先占据Ti原子位,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn则主要优先占据Al原子位.合金化超胞模型的晶体正方度(c/a)显示Mn、Fe和Co明显有利于改善TiAl合金的室温塑性.而比较其G/B值,V、Mn、Co和Ni具有韧化TiAl金属间化合物的作用.两者与实验结论不一致的原因可能在于合金化原子的浓度.     

Co-Fe-B非晶态合金成键及电子性质的DFT研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT),通过团簇Co2FeB2,CoFe2B2的优化和计算,研究Co-Fe-B非晶态合金成键及电子性质.结果表明:团簇Co2FeB2(富Co)中主要的电子流向为B→Co,B→Fe,而团簇CoFe2B2(富Fe)电子流向多样化,这导致富Co合金中键级比例分布不均匀,而富Fe合金中键级比例相对均匀;另外,金属与B原子成键对合金稳定性的贡献最大,而两种团簇的M(max)-B与Co-Fe键协同作用相反:富Co团簇中Co-B与Co-Fe成键强度同增同长,而富Fe团簇中Fe-B与Co-Fe成键强度相互抑制.以上结论在一定程度上解释了富Co合金热稳定性差的现象.另外,B原子使富Fe团簇空间结构、成键以及电子流动方向更加复杂,使合金非晶态化增加.Co-Fe-B非晶态合金中存在B原子之间近距离接触,希望此结论不久后得到实验验证.     

过渡金属掺杂对γ′-Fe_4N的热稳定性和磁性的影响

利用第一性原理密度泛函理论,对不同过渡金属M(M=Mn,Co,Ni)掺杂γ′-Fe4N的结构进行焓值计算.结果表明:以MnFe3N/Fe2,CoFe3N/Fe2和NiFe3N/Fe1为掺杂结构的能量最稳定,且均呈铁磁性;掺杂过渡金属元素的原子序数越小,体系的能量越低,材料的结构越稳定;随着压强的增加,掺杂元素替代面心不等价Fe位可有效减小压强对材料磁性的影响,使材料在更大压强区间内保持强铁磁性,衰减速率相对较低.     

Ge_(12) TM团簇的几何结构和电子特性的研究

基于全电子的密度泛函理论对Ge_(12)TM(TM=Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)团簇基态结构和电子性质进行了系统地研究,分析和讨论了基态结构的稳定性、电子特性及磁特性。研究结果表明:随着3d过渡金属原子序数的增加,过渡金属原子趋于占据Ge_(12)笼的中心位置;计算得到了Ge_(12)Mn团簇的新的稳态构型;Ge_(12)Ni相对于其他原子掺杂的团簇具有较强的结构稳定性;在磁性方面,Ti,Cr,Fe,Ni,Zn发生了自旋磁矩的淬灭,自旋磁矩变为零,Sc,V,Mn,Co,Cu原子仍具有磁性,其中Mn原子的磁性最强,约为2μB,这些原子相对应的团簇的自旋磁矩都相同皆为1μB。     

含砷/铜砷 C-- Mn 钢的高温氧化行为

利用热重分析仪、扫描电镜和电子探针研究了含 As 或者 Cu + As 的 C- Mn 钢的高温氧化特性.1050℃氧化初期约500 s 内,As 钢和 Cu- As 钢为线性氧化阶段,随后转为抛物线氧化,两种钢的抛物线氧化速率均高于 C- Mn 钢.因氧化层分离,1150℃氧化增重小于1050℃氧化增重.钢中 Cu 和 As 的存在促进了固相 Fe2 SiO4层的生长.由于 As 在氧化层/基体界面的富集,1050℃氧化时,As 钢中存在明显的条带状内部氧化粒子层；C- Mn 钢中加入 Cu 和 As 后,其氧化层/基体界面变得崎岖不平,内部氧化粒子的数量随着氧化时间及氧化温度的增加而增加.1050℃氧化时氧化层/基体界面处 Cu 和 As 的富集程度高于1150℃氧化.     

过渡金属掺杂MgH_2的结构和磁性的第一性原理研究

为研究过渡金属掺杂对氢化物铁磁性的影响,采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,以Mg H2为基本材料,以过渡金属(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Ni)元素替代2×1×2超晶胞中的Mg原子建立掺杂模型Mg1-xMxH2(M=V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Ni),并计算模型自旋极化的磁性、能带结构和态密度等性质.结果表明:与Mg H2中的Mg—H键相比,过渡金属M(M=V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co和Ni)—H间的相互作用明显增强,造成Mg—H间强烈的离子键和部分共价键的相互作用随着过渡金属的掺杂而被削弱.掺杂体系中,V和Cr是受主杂质,而Mn、Co和Ni体系中,自旋极化率相对较低,且穿过费米能级的子带的斜率较低.研究表明过渡金属(V、Cr、Mn、Co和Ni)掺杂的Mg H2体系虽然可以导电,但电导率较小,具有比较稳定的半金属性.     

Nd_xDy_((1-x))(Fe,M)_(12)及其氮化物的晶体结构

Th Mn1 2 型结构的富铁稀土 -过渡元素金属间化合物及其它们的氮化物是一种新型的永磁材料 .现采用还原扩散法合成了 6种 Ndx Dy(1 - x) (Fe,Mo,V,Co) 1 2 样品 ,并在 5 0 0℃氮化成相应的氮化物 .粉末 X-射线衍射结果表明 ,这类金属间化合物属四方晶系 ,氮化物保持原来的晶型 ,但晶胞体积稍有增加 .衍射结果表明 ,用还原扩散法合成的这类化合物不含有 α- Fe.     

电弧喷涂铝涂层阳极氧化后表面-截面结构分析

采用电弧喷涂工艺在S355钢表面制备Al涂层,并对其进行阳极氧化处理,通过SEM,EDS和XRD等技术分析试样表面-截面形貌、化学元素分布和物相组成,探讨氧化膜-Al涂层-基体的结合机理。实验结果表明:阳极氧化膜中Al与O出现富集现象,以Al2_O_3形式存在;Al与O原子在氧化膜中为高浓度分布,构成氧化膜-Al涂层-基体的复合防腐蚀体系;Al涂层为富Al层,原子含量较高,而基体中Fe原子在界面处发生扩散现象;Al涂层中少量Al原子扩散进入基体,在界面处与Fe反应生成Fe-Al化合物,提高电弧喷涂Al涂层的结合强度。     

T91钢热浸镀铝及其在水蒸汽中的循环氧化行为

研究SA213T91钢热浸镀铝后并退火后样品在90%Ar+10%H2O气氛中于600,650和700℃下的循环氧化行为.研究结果表明:T91钢热浸镀铝并退火后样品在表面形成Fe2Al5金属间化合物层,该层中有贯穿Fe2Al5层的裂纹;Fe2Al5层下为扩散层;镀层表现良好的抗氧化性能;在600℃氧化速率缓慢,样品表面仅生成极薄的Al2O3膜,其生长方式主要由Al向外扩散为主,而在650℃和700℃时氧化质量增量增大;在循环氧化过程中,由于基体和镀层的热膨胀系数不匹配,镀层在降温和升温过程中将受到循环应力作用,镀层中裂纹增加,并导致镀层剥落.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to