自主挖掘的时间最优轨迹规划

为了使挖掘轨迹更接近规划路径,提出一种新的挖掘机轨迹规划方法,即在关节空间内交叉使用三次插值多项式与五次插值多项式。其中三次多项式的系数仅通过关节角位移确定,利用五次插值多项式保证三次插值多项式轨迹之间的角速度、角加速度连续且整条轨迹首末角速度及角加速度为0。以某型液压挖掘机为例,分析其正运动学及工作空间,利用粒子群算法求解逆运动学的数值解。选取工作空间内的一条轨迹,以角速度、角加速度作为限定条件,采用活跃粒子群算法对插值时间进行优化,得到轨迹最短时间及关节最优角度曲线。在相同条件下与4-3-3-3-4多项式插值方法进行比较,最大误差减少26.1%,平均误差减少30.0%,结果表明交叉插值方法得到的末端曲线更贴合期望曲线,证明了有效性。     

机器人关节空间的轨迹规划及仿真

为了保证搬运机器人在整个作业过程中运行平稳、连续,在关节变量空间直接进行轨迹规划,通过示教的方法,确定路径所经过的几个中间点。对于没有给定的区间,则利用5次多项式进行轨迹插补,可方便、实时地得到机器人末端执行器的目标轨迹。应用该方法对搬运机器人关节空间轨迹规划进行仿真,得到的机器人工作过程中4个关节的位移、速度、加速度的仿真直线平滑、连续。实际运行也证明搬运机器人的关节运动的轨迹控制达到了预期的目的。     

基于时间-冲击的喷胶机器人轨迹优化算法

针对喷胶机器人时间-冲击等多目标优化的轨迹规划问题,提出基于时间-冲击最优的轨迹优化算法,优化喷胶机器人的运行时间和冲击(加加速度)两个效果相反的目标。采用4-5-6多项式插值曲线作为关节空间内的插值轨迹,确保机器人运动的连续性和平稳性;在关节角速度、角加速度和角加加速度的运动学约束下,利用多目标粒子群优化(multi-objective particle swarm optimization, MOPSO)算法,以喷胶机器人的运行时间和冲击为目标对其进行轨迹优化。仿真结果表明,采用MOPSO算法对4-5-6分段多项式插值结果进行优化,提高了机器人的轨迹精度,减少了机器人运动过程中的冲击,有效缩短了机器人的作业时间。     

基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的码垛机器人时间最优轨迹规划

码垛机器人在运行轨迹过程中所消耗的时间直接影响到了其工作效率,针对码垛机器人的轨迹规划的时间问题,提出了一种改进的鲸鱼优化算法对时间进行优化。在基础的鲸鱼优化算法基础上,利用混沌映射初始化种群,引入自适应的权重和改进收敛因子,以提高算法的求解精度、收敛速度和全局搜索能力。首先,根据 D-H 参数法建立机器人的运动学模型;其次,在关节空间中利用3-5-3次多项式插值函数对机器人末端执行器经过的路径点进行规划,然后采用改进的鲸鱼优化算法对时间进行优化。最后通过 MATLAB软件进行效果仿真和对比。结果表明,与其它同类的算法相比,改进的鲸鱼优化算法的求解精度更高,收敛速度更快。将该方法与轨迹优化结合,与未采用算法优化的3-5-3多项式轨迹规划所需要的运行时间相比缩短了22.46％,且各个关节轨迹平稳连续,验证了该轨迹规划方法的有效性。     

工业机器人实时高精度路径跟踪与轨迹规划

手部路径跟踪和关节轨迹规划是机器人应用领域中一个非常重要的课题.在以往的研究中,往往是通过在设定的路径上增加节点数和路径分段数来提高机器人手部跟踪设定路径的精度,但这种方法会导致在线计算量大幅度增加.针对这一缺陷,提出了一种新的实时高精度路径跟踪与关节轨迹规划方法.该方法通过在设定的手部路径上按一定规则额外选取多个附加节点,使每一轨迹段上的节点数由2个增加到4个,并利用1个3次多项式、1个正弦函数、1个余弦函数以及1个由正弦函数和1次多项式的乘积构成的函数来构造每一段的关节轨迹方程.计算机仿真结果表明,在路径分段数不变、关节轨迹方程总数不变以及计算量不显著增加的前提下,运用该方法能大幅度提高机器人手部跟踪设定路径的精度.     

多段连续结构手功能康复外骨骼运动规划与结构优化

针对现有康复机器人手指运动轨迹仿生度低、轨迹规划策略与正常人手指运动轨迹差异较大的问题,提出了基于Tau-jerk引导策略的手指运动轨迹规划方法。首先建立外骨骼机器人的运动学模型,并用ABAQUS进行运动学仿真,引入修正系数调整运动学模型;然后以jerk值为耦合对象,推导出内部Tau-jerk引导策略,引入最小做功和最小面积确定最优轨迹和最优多段连续结构;最后比较了Tau-jerk规划的运动轨迹与多项式插值方法规划的轨迹同真实人手运动轨迹的偏差。实验结果表明:采用Tau-jerk轨迹规划的外骨骼运动平均关节角度误差小于1.5°,且平均指尖轨迹误差小于1 mm;与3次多项式插值和3、4、5次多项式插值运动规划相比,Tau-jerk轨迹规划方法更符合人手指运动轨迹。     

机器人手臂轨迹规划的研究

研究了服务机器人手臂关节空间的轨迹规划问题.利用三次B样条函数对机器人手臂的5个关节变量进行插值,使规划的轨迹函数连续并平滑,从而保证机器人运动的平稳性.实验表明,这种轨迹规划方法是准确和可行的.     

串联机器人运动学建模与轨迹规划研究

以IRS3003机器人为研究对象对六自由度串联机器人的运动学建模及轨迹规划方法进行研究,采用D H建模方法,结合Matlab Robotics机器人工具箱建立IRS3003机器人运动模型,对机器人操作空间进行运动学分析.采用五次多项式插值方法,基于PPO路径规划码垛轨迹,分别实现机器人在关节空间和笛卡尔空间的轨迹规划与...     

基于Matlab的IRB2400机器人 轨迹规划及运动学分析

运用齐次坐标变换理论对IRB2400机器人进行了研究分析,利用DH参数法建立了坐标系并确定了各参数值,通过Matlab Robotics Toolbox工具箱完成了机器人建模仿真。通过比较分析三次多项式和五次多项式插值算法,对关节空间轨迹进行规划,最终确定五次多项式插值算法是关节空间轨迹规划的理想算法。给定机器人初始和终止位姿,对末端轨迹进行分析,得到了各关节的运动曲线、角速度曲线和角加速度曲线。进行了正运动学和逆运动学求解,验证了机器人结构设计的合理性。     

基于改进遗传算法的机器人时间最优轨迹规划

为实现6自由度机械臂在任意速度下运行时间最短,使用3-5-3样条函数对机械臂的轨迹进行规划,并利用改进的遗传算法对不同速度下的3-5-3多项式的插值时间进行优化。在遗传算法中应用自适应参数的调节和最优保存策略,防止种群陷入局部最优,加快收敛速度,提高算法性能。离线寻优得到机器人速度约束下最优三段插值时间,并在机器人控制平台上进行实时实验,由机械臂的位置、速度曲线验证了采用此改进算法可以在任意的速度范围内实现6自由度机械臂轨迹运行时间最优。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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