基于平均切削厚度钛合金TC4铣削机理

选用航空领域应用最广泛的钛合金TC4,基于平均切削厚度进行大量铣削试验,通过切削温度、切削力、切削振动、切屑变形等方面研究其铣削机理.试验结果表明,平均切削厚度是影响铣削性能的重要参数;保持平均切削厚度不变,在一定范围内调整径向切削深度和每齿进给,不论是切削温度、切削力还是振动变化都很小,可以认为具有相同的切削效果.同时,还归纳出不同铣削速度段下切削温度随平均切削厚度的变化规律及切屑变形的特性,并指出选择合适的平均切削厚度进行铣削加工TC4,不仅可以提高刀具耐用度而且可以改善加工表面质量.     

淬硬模具钢高速铣削切屑显微特征与变形规律研究

不同的切削介质条件下,氮铝钛(TiAlN)涂层刀具高速铣削淬硬模具钢时切屑的显微特征和变形是不同的,通过在干铣削、水溶性切削液、空气油雾、氮气油雾介质下高速铣削淬硬模具钢切屑显微特征的研究,得出TiAlN涂层刀具高速铣削淬硬模具钢时切屑变形规律,为高速铣削工艺过程的选定提供帮助.     

淬硬模具钢高速铣削切屑显微特征与变形规律

不同的切削介质条件下,氮铝钛(TiAlN)涂层刀具高速铣削淬硬模具钢时切屑的显微特征和变形是不同的,通过在干铣削、水溶性切削液、空气油雾、氮气油雾介质下高速铣削淬硬模具钢切屑显微特征的研究,得出TiAlN涂层刀具高速铣削淬硬模具钢时切屑变形规律,为高速铣削工艺过程的选定提供帮助.     

钛合金铣削加工的切屑形态仿真及实验研究

为改善钛合金TC4可加工性、降低刀具磨损、提高工件表面质量,探寻刀具前角及切削速度的变化对切削力和切削温度的影响规律。通过改变刀具前角和切削速度,采用AdvantEdge FEM软件和单因素实验方法对钛合金TC4切屑的形成过程进行二维模拟,研究锯齿形切屑的形成机理。仿真与实验结果表明:随着刀具前角增大,切屑的锯齿化程度降低,切削力和切削温度呈下降趋势;随着切削速度的增大,切削力呈缓慢下降趋势,而切削温度呈明显上升趋势。该研究验证了仿真的可行性,为优化铣削钛合金TC4刀具几何参数及切削用量的合理选择提供了参考依据。     

钛合金铣削加工切屑形成机理的仿真与实验

锯齿状切屑加剧刀具的磨损,降低零件表面质量。为研究锯齿状切屑的形成机理,通过ABAQUS仿真软件,建立钛合金TC4正交切削二维模型,由此仿真模型得到锯齿状切屑,与实验得到的锯齿状切屑形貌进行对比,验证了仿真切削模拟的可行性。通过仿真得到单个锯齿状切屑形成的过程,分析了锯齿状切屑的形成机理,研究了进给速度对锯齿状切屑形成过程的影响。该研究为钛合金的铣削加工提供了理论依据。     

CFRP/Al叠层钻孔粉状切屑对加工质量的影响

为了探究微量润滑条件下,碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)/铝合金(Al)叠层钻孔粉状切屑对孔径、表面粗糙度和出口毛刺高度等加工质量的影响规律,进行了3种不同润滑条件下的钻孔实验,观察了切屑形态及切屑黏附现象,分析了加工质量数据。结果表明:粉状切屑与油雾形成的混合物容易滞留在孔内,从而减弱润滑效果,这是影响叠层钻孔质量的主要因素。抑制其影响的方法包括:降低切削速度,从而减少切削热并增加润滑时间;复合材料选择干切,尽量避免混合物的生成;增大油雾输送主管路内径,提高油雾流量和压力。     

高速铣削TC6钛合金的刀具磨损机理

通过物理气相沉积（PVD）和化学气相沉积（ CVD）涂层硬质合金刀具对α+β相钛合金TC6进行高速铣削加工,研究了PVD与CVD刀具在铣削TC6钛合金过程中的刀具磨损形态和磨损机理.结果表明：在相同的切削条件下,PVD涂层刀具后刀面磨损量更小,刀具寿命更长,更适合TC6钛合金的加工.其前刀面主要发生黏结磨损和氧化磨损,后刀面则为边界磨损,由于前刀面黏结磨损和后刀面边界磨损对切削刃的弱化作用,使得主切削刃发生了微崩刃.CVD涂层刀具寿命较短,其前刀面主要发生初期微崩刃和随之而来的月牙洼磨损以及黏结磨损;后刀面则为磨粒磨损,失效形式为涂层剥落.     

干切削加工对刀具性能的要求

传统的湿切加工使用切屑液进行冷却,由于切屑液对环境造成一定的污染,一种新型的切削加工方法--干切削加工已问世.干切削由于不使用切削液冷却刀具,因此对刀具的材料、涂层技术及刀具几何形状等性能方面要求较高.     

淬火钢的高速铣削试验和机理研究

高速铣削淬火钢可以显著的提高生产率及加工表面质量，并在一定程度上可以取代磨削加工。但是因为淬火钢特殊的切削性能使得高速铣削淬火钢时的切屑形态、切削力、切削温度以及刀具的寿命有很大的变化。阐述了高速铣削淬火钢的切削机理、刀具的选择，对高速铣削淬火钢的实际应用有一定的意义。     

基于实体造型的球头铣刀三维铣削力仿真

提出了基于实体造型技术的复杂曲面球头铣刀三轴铣削加工过程三维铣削力仿真方法。整个系统由几何仿真模块和物理仿真模块组成。用基于UGⅡ的实体造型技术表示工件、刀具、刀具扫描体以及被切除材料实体,用分段三次NURBS曲线表示刀具切削刃,通过NURBS曲线和被切除材料实体之间的求交运算,抽取参与切削的切削刃片段。基于切削力与切屑几何之间的经验关系,用数值积分方法建立了球头铣刀三分量铣削力模型。在径向未变形切屑厚度公式的推导中,考虑了刀具进给运动的三维特点。在铣削力系数模型中,考虑了切屑厚度变化对铣削力影响的指数关系和铣刀球头部分不同位置切削微元不同切削条件的特点。实验计算表明,仿真与实测的铣削力达到了很好的一致性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-