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建国50年来,中国油气勘探的重大发现以及接踵而来的石油工业的蓬勃发展,均得益于陆相生油理论、复式油气聚集带理论、煤成烃理论以及非均质砂岩油田开发理论等的研究和重大突破。21世纪中国石油工业面临诸多挑战。面对这些挑战,石油工业的根本出路就是:加强应用基础研究,开发利用新技术,降低成本,努力增加油气资源,提高油气储量的采收率与使用效率。结合我院多年从事科研工作的实际情况,认为加强产业部门基础研究的主要措施可归结为“三选二配”,即选人、选题、选基地;配好鼓励和引导政策,配好激励措施。 相似文献
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随着中国石油企业不断拓展南美石油市场,石油工程类西班牙语对于国内石油企业开展对外合作和国际化经营起到越来越重要的作用。这类专业词汇数量大、种类多,同时也具有明显的语言特点。文章从构词方面分析和归纳了这类词汇的语言特点。 相似文献
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化石资源的不可再生性及其大量使用所造成的环境污染问题,使得发展可再生能源成为必然。纤维素作为自然界中最丰富的生物质资源,其催化转化制能源化学品是学术界的研究热点。本文介绍了我们关于纤维素高选择性一步转化制乙二醇新反应途径的研究。该工作以廉价的碳化钨,特别是镍促进的碳化钨为催化剂,在一定的反应温度和水相氢气氛条件下,成功实现纤维素转化率100%,乙二醇收率高达61%。乙二醇是重要的大宗能源化学品,工业生产高度依赖于石油乙烯资源。纤维素催化转化制乙二醇新反应途径的发现,开辟了一条新的利用可再生资源进行“生物炼制”的绿色路线,具有重要的学术意义和现实意义。 相似文献
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气候问题并不仅仅是一个技术和政治问题,还是一个伦理问题。从善与恶的视角对气候问题进行伦理追问,深刻地揭示气候问题也是个伦理问题。气候资源开发利用涉及善恶问题:发展中国家是生存性排放,属于低排放,是气候资源利用的善,而发达国家是奢侈性排放,属于高排放,是气候资源利用的恶;气候资源利用的"公地悲剧"是恶的体现,气候是典型的公共物品,如果没有善恶评价和伦理考量,就一定会发生"公地悲剧";气候问题的合理解决需要善的引导,发达国家不能只考虑本国利益的"小善",而不肯接受全人类利益之"大善"的实现。只有全人类利益的"大善"实现了,才会有本国利益的"小善"实现。 相似文献
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日常意义的因果关系不支持决定论,真正的决定论是科学意义的,即依靠相关过程规律可以从先前宇宙状态推导出其之后的状态,据此人的行为是必然的,相悖的行动是不可能的。相比之下,行动自由指人有能力选择和执行自己的行动,从而相悖的行动是可能的。两个观点似乎不相容。塞拉斯延续经典路线,通过重构"决断"概念来重构"因果性"概念,论证作为心理片断的决断可以是自由行动的原因。由此,行动自由的意思是"环境不阻止别的行动",而决定论的结论是"相对于先前宇宙状态,某个行动是物理必然的",两者在话语逻辑中不矛盾。塞拉斯的观点对人工智能的自由意志问题富有启示。 相似文献
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敬意的自然观在把自然当作人类主体的认识和改造对象时,更强调人对自然的审美关系、伦理价值关系以及敬畏关系,自然与人有着主体性的精神交流。本文认为"敬意的自然观"应该包含两个方面:第一,人对自然的敬意关系。第二,人对自身的敬意关系。两种敬意关系相互关联、不可分割。人正是在自身的全面发展中展开与自然的包括敬意在内的全面关系;同时,在展开与自然的全面关系中,人自身得到了包括敬意在内的全面发展。这种进路叫做"非去人化的敬意的自然观"。在此,怀特海的创生的经验学说与孔子的创生的成人学说提供了巨大的智慧资源。他们的有关学说引导出了本文的主题:参天地,做全人:做全人;参天地。 相似文献
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Ulrich J. Mohrhoff 《Foundations of Science》2017,22(3):517-537
Although the present paper looks upon the formal apparatus of quantum mechanics as a calculus of correlations, it goes beyond a purely operationalist interpretation. Having established the consistency of the correlations with the existence of their correlata (measurement outcomes), and having justified the distinction between a domain in which outcome-indicating events occur and a domain whose properties only exist if their existence is indicated by such events, it explains the difference between the two domains as essentially the difference between the manifested world and its manifestation. A single, intrinsically undifferentiated Being manifests the macroworld by entering into reflexive spatial relations. This atemporal process implies a new kind of causality and sheds new light on the mysterious nonlocality of quantum mechanics. Unlike other realist interpretations, which proceed from an evolving-states formulation, the present interpretation proceeds from Feynman’s formulation of the theory, and it introduces a new interpretive principle, replacing the collapse postulate and the eigenvalue–eigenstate link of evolving-states formulations. Applied to alternatives involving distinctions between regions of space, this principle implies that the spatiotemporal differentiation of the physical world is incomplete. Applied to alternatives involving distinctions between things, it warrants the claim that, intrinsically, all fundamental particles are identical in the strong sense of numerical identical. They are the aforementioned intrinsically undifferentiated Being, which manifests the macroworld by entering into reflexive spatial relations. 相似文献
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Hermann G. W. Burchard 《Foundations of Science》2011,16(1):67-99
Impressions, energy radiated by phenomena in the momentary environmental scene, enter sensory neurons, creating in afferent
nerves a data stream. Following Kant, by our inner sense the mind perceives its own thoughts as it ties together sense data
into an internalized scene. The mind, residing in the brain, logically a Language Machine, processes and stores items as coded
grammatical entities. Kantian synthetic unity in the linguistic brain is able to deliver our experience of the scene as we
appear to see it. Uniquely, the brain records its own history, synthesizing a Movie-in-the-Brain, called the Noumenal Cosmos.
Attempting thereby to represent the actual Universe, this makes for a sovereign brain that governs itself. The brain is domicile
of an Ego, with its selfhood at stake at all times. Yet, it can know itself only by its actions, in which it appears as an
actor in its own movie. Phenomena enter garbled, as confused apparitions, and must be put in good form using top–down feedback
control by Ego, so that each movie frame makes rational sense within the overall context of the Noumenal Cosmos. A stack of
frames is processed typically in 40 Hz rhythm with 300 ms process time each, for about 12 in the stack at any time. Successive
neural centers are processing the stack in the brain assembly line, based on data from increasingly global receptive fields.
Ego stitches together the movie frames, but only the top frame is in consciousness for 25 ms. The top frame contains the whole
scene where the Ego makes an appearance as the actor that imposes Kantian synthetic unity on the scene, merely an assembly
of grammatical texts, in a system-internal coded process language, fitting the scene into the Noumenal Cosmos. But Ego observes
Ego only to the extent permitted by the objectivity rule, only what it does and thinks, not its true face. From the Noumenal
Cosmos, the Ego receives grammatical messages in the internal sense code. They are integrated into a whole in the reaction
of the Ego to the momentary scene. The voluntary nature of Ego’s decisions is explained, based on its ability to code in advance
its own actions sequentially in time, as it sees fit with a view to an orderly Noumenal Cosmos, records of code being arranged
spatially in neural structures. 相似文献
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从广义的科技奖励来看,对隐性知识持有者进行科技奖励是可能的,对隐性知识持有者的科技奖励可以通过隐性知识测量、隐性知识共享等直接奖励的方式,也可以通过对隐性知识的效用进行奖励等间接奖励的方式。对隐性知识持有者的科技奖励是一种"能力—承认"模式,这在一定程度上弥补了默顿"成果—承认"模式的不足,将更加有力地推动科学技术的快速、高效发展。 相似文献