生物多样性的功能

生物多样性包括遗传、物种、生态系统与景观多样性。从以下几个方面综述了生物多样性的功能：①稳定生态系统的作用;②提高生态系统生产力的作用;③生物多样性对生态系统可持续性的作用;④生物多样性在农业生产上的作用;⑤生物多样性在医学上的作用;⑥生物多样性在工业上的作用。     

青藏高原生态系统发育与生物多样性

 青藏高原是全球海拔最高的独特地域单元,对中国乃至北半球生态安全具有重要意义。本文通过分析青藏高原的地貌形成过程和气候条件,对青藏高原的生态系统与生物多样性进行基本判断,进而提出在气候变化背景下,建立涵盖青藏高原全境的生态监测体系、构建天地一体化监测体系和信息平台、生态建设项目的监测与评估3项建议,以整体提高青藏高原地区生态系统和生物多样性应对全球气候变化的能力。     

生物多样性保护与城市生态系统的协调发展

随着社会进步和经济的不断发展,城市生态系统中生物多样性的保护已倍受世人关注,成为当前生物多样性研究与保护的热点领域之一。本从几个方面探讨了生物多样性保护与城市生态系统的关系及协调发展等问题。     

干扰对草地生态系统生物多样性的影响

干扰是草地退化，沙化，盐碱化的重要原因，同时也是草地生态系统生物多样性变化的主导因子，国外关于干扰对各种植被的影响已有详细报道，但国内这方面的研究却很少，通过分析放牧，火烧，刈割，采药，水淹等干扰因子及不同干扰地草地生态系统生物多样性的影响，阐明各干扰因子及不同干扰频率的不同作用，为保护草地生物多样性及制定合理的草地利用制度提供科学依据。     

产业创新生态系统的内涵、结构与功能

国家创新驱动发展战略的核心是原始创新,创新系统的新范式是创新生态系统。基于文献分析、创新系统理论和生态系统理论,分析了产业创新生态系统的内涵,指出了产业创新生态系统的特征。运用系统科学方法分析了产业创新生态系统的结构和功能,并构建了结构模型和功能层级模型,结合该模型提出相关建议。     

植物功能多样性及其在苔藓植物中应用的研究

植物功能多样性是影响生物多样性和生态系统功能的关键性因素.如何量化不同生态系统中的植物功能多样性,对于研究生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系至关重要.综述了功能多样性的概念、关键指标的测定方法在维管植物和苔藓植物中的研究进展,分析了苔藓植物功能多样性的研究趋势,为生态学同行开展苔藓植物功能多样性研究提供了比较系统的参考资料.     

生物多样性及其保护

生物多样性是人们赖以生存和发展的物质基础，本文介绍了生物多样性的基本含义及保护生物多样性的重要性。     

生物多样性刍议

生物多样性是生物及其组成的系统的总体多样性和变异性,或所有来源活的生物体的变异性,它包括物种的基因多样性或称遗传多样性,群落内部的物种多样性,景观中的群落多样性或称生态系统多样性.而景观多样性是指景观单元结构和功能方面的多样性,它包括了斑块多样性,类型多样性和格局多样性,主要研究组成景观的斑块在数量、大小、形状和景观类型的分布及其斑块之间的连接度、连通性等结构和功能上的多样性.显然,景观多样性与生物多样性无论在研究内容或方法上均有所不同,明显有别于生物多样性的概念与内涵, 而应是另类的多样性.因而,把景观多样性与遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性并列为第四个层次的生物多样性是不确切的.     

人工林生态系统生物多样性与生产力的关系

生物多样性与生产力之间的关系是生态学界近来争论的热点之一。笔者简要介绍了现有关于生物多样性影响生态系统功能有关抽样效应、生态位互补、保险效应、冗余机制、基因-环境互作、边际效应及中性理论等作用机制,以及现有的关于生产力和多样性之间关系的主要观点。在此基础上,阐述了人工林生物多样性的研究现状和人工林生物多样性与生态功能的关系,重点讨论了造林树种选择、造林地清理、造林密度、间伐、林农复合经营、轮伐期长短等经营措施对人工林生物多样性的影响。人工林生物多样性的高低,很大程度上取决于林分结构的构建和调控,任何左右林分结构的经营措施都有可能对人工林生物多样性产生影响。因此,从生物多样性维护及生态功能发挥的角度看,决定应该营造什么样的人工林以及该采取怎样的经营措施是人工林可持续经营和长期立地生产力维持的关键。     

Vegetation Restoration Technique System and Its Ecological Functions of the Degraded Ecosystem in the Arid-Hot Valleys —— Taking the Example of Typical Mode in Small Watershed of Yuanmou

This paper concluded the vegetation restoration technique system in the arid-hot valleys and studied the anti-erosion function, environmental function and biological diversity effects of vegetation restoration on the ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys. The results showed that the soil erodibility decreased significantly after the vegetation restoration. The climate environment of the small watershed had a great improvement after the vegetation restoration, of which the temperature decreased, the humidity increased, the harsh environment of dry and hot in this region changed. The studies of the ecosystem biodiversity were mainly on the analysis of the relations between biodiversity and ecological function of the artificial ecological forest pattern and the natural enclosed treatment mode on the severely of degraded land. It could conclude that the natural enclosed treatment mode is helpful to the biodiversity of the ecosystem and the improvement and stability of the ecosystem, and Leucaena artificial forest restoration pattern reduced the species diversity but optimized the ecological function. Therefore, as to the severely and extremely severely degraded ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys, Leucaena pattern of gully control and natural enclosed treatment mode are the relatively optimal choices.     

贵州的生物多样性与喀斯特环境

贵州独有的喀斯特环境特征,形成了丰富多彩的生物类型和栽培品种,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。喀斯特地区独特的地上地下二元结构、地形起伏多变,形成了类型多样的生态系统类型。受冰川影响较小,保留了许多北半球其它地区早已灭绝的古老孑遗和残遗的种类,具有物种高度丰富,特有属种繁多,区系起源古老等物种多样性的特点。喀斯特环境自身的脆弱性,加上人类不合理的开发和利用,使得区内的自然资源和自然环境不断地遭到破坏,物种种类、数量正在急剧地减少。贵州省目前在喀斯特地域建立了37个保护区。     

Biodiversity Sustainability Assessment of Principal Ecosystems in Hebei, China

Aiming at providing theoretical basis for effective protection of biodiversity, the study presents a cascade method which combines both qualitative and quantitative methods, incorporates basic data with RS（remote sense） technology, and ranks the ecosystems according to its ability of biodiversity sustainability in Hebei Province. The results indicate that the most important areas for protection in Hebei Province are forest and meadow ecosystems in some highlands around Xiaowutai Mountain, Wuling Mountain, North Hebei, Taihang Mountain and East Hebei; grass ecosystems in part of plateau area and North Hebei; and some scattered wetlands in the plain and inshore areas. This method is suitable for undertaking large-scale investigations especially when the data are not adequate or unevenly distributed spatially.     

江苏自然湿地的生物多样性特点

江苏自然湿地总面积为 9.97× 10 5hm2 .湿地景观可分为海岸带湿地景观、洲滩湿地景观、湖泊湿地景观、沼泽湿地景观和河流湿地景观 ,面积分别为 3.0 5× 10 5hm2 、4 .6× 10 4 hm2 、4 .2 1× 10 5hm2 、6 .8× 10 4 hm2 和 1.5 7× 10 5hm2 .江苏自然湿地生态系统可分为盐土生态系统、沼泽生态系统、水生生态系统和沙丘湿地生态系统 .湿地内物种丰富 ,高等植物有 4 84种 ,海岸带湿地已记载的鸟类有 2 4 1种 ,湖泊鱼类有 12 1种 (亚种 ) ;其中有 2种国家级珍稀濒危植物 ,31种国家重点保护野生脊椎动物 .江苏自然湿地生物多样性面临着人为干扰、海岸侵蚀、海平面上升、自然灾害加剧等问题 ,为此提出加强管理 ,建立湿地生物多样性生态模型 ,建立湿地生物多样性信息系统的建议 ,以保护江苏自然湿地的生物多样性     

云南生物多样性保护信息系统(YBCIS)设计研究

介绍云南省生物多样性保护信息中心的主要任务、云南生物多样性保护信息系统（ＹＢＣＩＳ）的结构和功能．主要包括云南生物多样性保护信息系统设计的指导思想,系统（数据库）结构、软件系统和根据系统设计已完成的工作等．     

The cultural connotations of animal idioms among different countries

From the day that human beings came into existence,people began to encounter all kinds of animals.The primitive beings at an early age lived only on what the nature offered them and they hunted wild animals with stone implements.Instead of the essential maigre food,they took their own-made implements to capture animals in order to maintain their life.Through years of struggle with animals,human beings are closely related to animals and many customs and idiomatic usages about animals have come into existence,which makes the special culture based on them appear and the emotions human beings show to those animals have got deepened.From what has been mentioned above,we can see that ecological culture about animals has much to do with human society.So it can be said that the culture of human society originates from ecological culture.Different nations have their own totem,that is to say,every nation has its own preference for animals.Some quality and character is often associated with some sort of animal,but these associations seldom or have nothing to do with science.These associated character or quality with animals differ in different countries.The paper mainly talks about some idioms about animals and their translation and the same or different associations reflected by these idioms under the different cultural environment between China and English language.Chapter One mainly talks about the different cultural connotation and translation of idioms relating to the same animals between Chinese and English.Chapter Two mainly talks about the same cultural connotation and translation of idioms relating to the same animals between Chinese and English.     

渗透与交融:谈生物多样性与文化多样性

生物多样性与文化多样性是人类社会可持续发展与进步的两大支柱．生物多样性危机与文化多样性危机是当今全球面临的两大危机．本文介绍了生物多样性与文化多样性及其危机产生的背景、生物多样性与文化多样性的概念、两者的关系与统一性．     

英汉颜色词的文化内涵

英汉两种语言中颜色词不仅数量众多,而且深层的文化内涵异常丰富,既可以用来描述不同的心理和情绪,又能体现历史文化、礼仪习俗、政治、经济等.英汉颜色词相似之处很多,但不同之处更多.