共同代理理论与第三方物流

针对第三方物流存在的委托代理问题,传统的双边委托代理模型值得借鉴.然而,传统的双边委托代理模型中的单一委托人和单一代理人的委托代理关系过于简化,对现实的解释力不强.实际上,第三方物流中委托代理关系在很多情况下是多个委托人和单个代理人的问题,运用共同代理理论将对解释和解决第三方物流中的委托代理问题提供有益的思路.     

现代企业经营者寻租行为的博弈分析

委托－代理关系一直是契约经济学研究的重点，莫里斯、霍姆斯特等人已经建立了委托－代理理论的正式模型来分析这种关系，以此理论为基础，结合寻租理论，从博弈论的角度分析在企业的委托－代理关系中，代理人（经营者）寻租行为的动因及其它，结论是①在完全信息的条件征，代理人寻租的最优选择取决于委托人监督的概率；②在不完全信息的条件下，代理人寻租是对委托人采取策略的最佳反应，认为完善企业内部和外部的治理结构、建立事前监督和事后处罚机制、通过制定各种代理人的薪酬计划及激励制度等来治理代理人的寻租行为。     

监控公司行为的优化协议模型

所有权与经营权分离的股份制企业是代理理论研究的主要内容之一．从代理理论角度出发,讨论了股份制企业委托人－代理人的优化协议问题,并利用规划论的方法,建立了基于对称信息和不对称信息的两类优化协议模型．进一步地对这两类模型中的委托人和代理人之间的冲突问题进行了分析,举例说明了模型的结果及其经济意义,从而提供了在一定条件下解决委托人－代理人之间冲突的有效方法．文中还对股份制企业的委托代理关系进行了探讨,为我国股份制企业的健康发展提供了一定的理论依据．     

委托-代理理论中的监督问题及其应用

首先简要地介绍了经济学上的委托-代理理论,然后从委托人的角度出发,对委托-代理模型中的监督问题进行了研究,探讨了委托人为了获得更多有关代理人的信息所需花费的最优监督成本,并通过实例加以分析和应用.     

基于委托—代理理论的高校教师转型激励机制研究

在以往研究基础上,尝试运用经济学领域的委托代理理论,将大学管理者视为委托人,教师为代理人,分析大学管理者与教师的委托代理关系,建立了委托代理模型,对大学管理者应该如何更有效地激励教师向双师型转型的问题进行机制设计,以提高转型率。     

群决策中决策发起人与专家之间的委托-代理均衡

在决策发起人与专家利益不一致的群决策中,存在着两种博弈关系,一是决策发起人(委托人)与群专家(代理人)之间的委托-代理博弈;另一是专家之间的完全信息静态博弈.这里给出了3个基本公理,讨论了不同的专家净收益函数对委托人目标实现的影响,并选择了几种典型的博弈模型做对比分析.得出以下结论:委托人的最优选择是带偏差罚函数的博弈模型,且罚函数只对部分偏差做惩罚;专家的最优选择是持续投入,直至估值偏差满足委托人的阀值要求;最终,实现了群专家内部均衡和委托-代理均衡.委托-代理均衡满足激励相容约束,可以将决策发起人与专家的利益实现统一.     

政府集中采购的委托-代理分析

根据现实中政府集中采购委托代理关系，利用委托代理理论的道德风险模型，分析了对称信息条件下政府集中采购委托代理关系中最优风险分担条件，即：代理人行为透明、可观测；代理人属于风险规避型，委托人属于风险中性。基于此条件，从机构设立、监管以及人员激励三个方面提出了政府集中采购委托代理机制的政策建议。     

基于奖惩函数的非对称信息委托代理博弈分析

委托代理本身存在诸多信息不对称、不确定的因素和风险,委托代理双方必须考虑风险的控制和利益的平衡.基于委托人拟支付代理人的工资总额按代理人的名义产出确定,引进奖惩机制遏制代理人的败德行为,运用博弈论中委托代理理论建立了非对称信息下委托-代理模型.并得出给定条件下的最优合同.     

基于概率约束的多级委托-代理模型研究

文章在基于Holmstrom、Milgrom的简化委托-代理模型的基础上,建立了设置二级委托人的委托-代理模型,进而建立了基于概率约束的多级委托-代理模型,用实际收入代替了确定性等价收入,不必知道代理人效用函数的具体形式,避免了代理人的风险规避难的度量问题。最后用简单线性产出函数给予分析,推出了一些有用结论。为解决“搭便车”现象提供一些理论指导。     

委托代理理论视角下的公允价值

现代企业因所有权和经营权的分离,企业由众多的股东占有,企业经营者不具有剩余索取权,在这种情况下不可避免地产生委托——代理关系。委托代理理论在于委托人如何建立一套有效的激励监督机制,通过激励约束机制的设计,促使代理人采取适当的行动,最大限度地增进委托人的利益,从而克服和减少委托代理中的风险问题。本文从委托代理理论出发,通过委托代理理论视角来探求公允价值的本质及客观要求,以此进一步研究公允价值计量属性对代理理论制度缺陷的弥补和相应的治理对策。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the