变结构四杆机构的设计

提出以典型的四连杆机构——曲柄摇杆机构为基础,通过适当改变原有机构的结构,拟增加与电、液、气、磁等融为一体的辅助运动调整环节,使单自由度四杆机构演变为具有两个自由度的差动连杆机构,从而达到采用变结构四杆机构来准确实现较复杂运动规律的目的。     

运动副的一个重要特性及其应用

在平面连杆机构中,运动副具有一个重要特性:即低副的运动可逆性和高副的运动不可逆性,利用该特性,在理论教学方面,可通过变换机架的方法,对四杆机构进行转化变换;在生产实践中可确定连杆机构中原动的位置。     

有梭织机与无梭织机四杆打纬机构的结构设计和性能比较

从1515有梭织机和ZA型喷气织机的机架和筘座的振动测量出发，比较了两种四杆打纬机构的结构、运动学参数和动态性能。从连杆机构的动力学设计原理和最优动态特性方面探讨了从1515织机到无梭织机的四杆打纬机构演变过程。并分析了高速四杆打纬机构的设计原理。     

平面四杆机构的动力学概率分析

在平面连杆机构运动学概率分析的基础上,建立了平面连杆机构动力学参数的概率分析模型,给出了平面四杆机构运动副反力的概率数字特征值计算公式,并以一简单平面铰链四杆机构介绍了此模型的使用.整个模型以矩阵形式表达,避开了对机构输出表达式直接微分时复杂的数学运算,成功地解决了机构输出参数误差的相关性问题.     

已知连架杆三对对应位置优化设计四杆机构

当给定连架杆三对对应位置时 ,为提高机构传动特性 ,提出优化目标为,在传动范围内其传动角的最小值为最大 ;建立解析方程 ,优化设计四杆机构;举例说明了此优化方法的可行性。该方法可推广到类似的其它连杆机构课题上去。     

铰链四桿机构的传动角及其极值图谱

连杆机构在重型机械中应用很广,其中四杆机桿在轧钢厂的辅助机械设备上,例如翻钢机、摆动升降台、推钢机和飞剪机等,应用尤为常见。做为连杆机构的传力性能的基本指标——传动角及其实质已被人们所广泛了解。过去已经有了四桿机构某种形式的传传动角图谱,做为机构优化设计的约束条件,传动角极值常成为可行区域的边界。但是至今还没能对一切铰链四杆机构的尺寸类型和传动角极大值、极小值的关系,建立起全面而系统的图谱。作者利用铰链四杆机构的空间模型以及对应机架参数     

函数逼近理论与平面连杆机构近似综合问题的关系

针对运动几何学对平面连杆机构近似综合的不足，介绍了函数逼近理论与平面连杆机构近似综合问题的关系，为解析法进行平面四杆机构综合提供了简便的方法。     

结合连续法与数值图谱法的刚体导引尺度综合

由连续法得到满足刚体导引综合要求的齿轮四杆机构，利用该机构连架杆摆角函数的谐波成分(由快速傅立叶变换得到)，通过模糊识别的方法，从已建立的齿轮四杆机构的连架杆摆角函数谐波特征参数的“数值图谱库”中找到更多组满足设计要求的机构。文中给出的算例验证表明，该方法解决了有限点位连杆机构尺度综合的多解问题，为连杆机构的尺度综合研究拓宽了思路。     

已知连架杆三对对应位置优化设计四杆机构

当给定连架杆三对对应位置时，为提高机构传动特性，提出优化目标为，在传动范围内其传动角的最小值为最大；建立解析方程，优化设计四杆机构；举例说明了此优化方法的可行性。该方法可推广到类似的其它连杆机构课题上去。     

基于最优极点配置复合控制的弹性连杆机构主动控制研究

采用最优极点配置复合控制策略对高速弹性连杆机构的振动主动控制进行了研究。基于机构弹性动力学分析（KED）建立了受控系统状态方程，讨论了系统最优极点的选取方法。对一个具有弹性连杆和摇杆的四杆机构进行数值仿真的结果表明，最优极点配置复合控制对弹性连杆机构振动响应具有明显的抑制效果。     

两自由度函数综合仪的类型综合

本文应用杆组综合理论,在杆组外副上併接输入构件及机架的方法进行两自由度函数综合仪的类型综合。结果得到七杆机构的结构型式1种,九杆机构的结构型式17种;与文献[2]用八杆机构增加一个构件的方法综合九杆两自由度机构所得结果相同。文中所述杆组综合的步骤与方法,将是杆组的运动分析及力计算的基础,这三者组成一个多杆多自由度机构分析与综合的理论体系。     

一种可重构空间四杆机构

提出一种可重构空间四杆机构,其具有两种不同的工作模式,模式Ⅰ为一个转动运动,模式Ⅱ为一个平移平动,两种运动模式进行切换的初始位形具有瞬时的一个转动和一个平动.将可重构空间四杆机构与一个具有两移动和两转动的串联支链相连,构成一种具有两种不同工作模式的可重构混联支链.利用3条可重构混联支链连接并联机构的固定平台和运动平台,可得到一种新型可重构并联机构,通过控制3条可重构混联支链分别在两种不同工作模式间切换,可重构并联机构可实现4种不同的三自由度运动模式.利用螺旋理论分析和证明了上述结论.     

Chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type III secretion

Type III protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors of many bacteria pathogenic to humans, animals and plants. These systems mediate the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm. Proteins are thought to travel this pathway in a largely unfolded manner, and a family of customized cytoplasmic chaperones, which specifically bind cognate secreted proteins, are essential for secretion. Here we show that InvC, an ATPase associated with a Salmonella enterica type III secretion system, has a critical function in substrate recognition. Furthermore, InvC induces chaperone release from and unfolding of the cognate secreted protein in an ATP-dependent manner. Our results show a similarity between the mechanisms of substrate recognition by type III protein secretion systems and AAA + ATPase disassembly machines.     

A cytosolic trans-activation domain essential for ammonium uptake

Polytopic membrane proteins are essential for cellular uptake and release of nutrients. To prevent toxic accumulation, rapid shut-off mechanisms are required. Here we show that the soluble cytosolic carboxy terminus of an oligomeric ammonium transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana serves as an allosteric regulator essential for function; mutations in the C-terminal domain, conserved between bacteria, fungi and plants, led to loss of transport activity. When co-expressed with intact transporters, mutants inactivated functional subunits, but left their stability unaffected. Co-expression of two inactive transporters, one with a defective pore, the other with an ablated C terminus, reconstituted activity. The crystal structure of an Archaeoglobus fulgidus ammonium transporter (AMT) suggests that the C terminus interacts physically with cytosolic loops of the neighbouring subunit. Phosphorylation of conserved sites in the C terminus are proposed as the cognate control mechanism. Conformational coupling between monomers provides a mechanism for tight regulation, for increasing the dynamic range of sensing and memorizing prior events, and may be a general mechanism for transporter regulation.     

3种用于混联机床并联机构的分析

分析了不同参数条件下3种可用于混联机床的并联机构:Stewart并联机构、动平台共用铰链机构以及中心伸缩杆机构,提出了虚拟工作空间和虚拟最大内接圆半径作为指标评价姿态实现能力.     

Three-dimensional structure of the ATPase fragment of a 70K heat-shock cognate protein

The three-dimensional structure of the amino-terminal 44K ATPase fragment of the 70K bovine heat-shock cognate protein has been solved to a resolution of 2.2 A. The ATPase fragment has two structural lobes with a deep cleft between them; ATP binds at the base of the cleft. Surprisingly, the nucleotide-binding 'core' of the ATPase fragment has a tertiary structure similar to that of hexokinase, although the remainder of the structures of the two proteins are completely dissimilar, suggesting that both the phosphotransferase mechanism and the substrate-induced conformational change intrinsic to the hexokinases may be used by the 70K heat shock-related proteins.     

一个多ON基因系统的表达动力学分析

研究了一个转录水平上的基因表达模型,它不仅考虑了启动子的复杂性,而且考虑了相互作用转录因子的调控效果.假定启动子区域有2个调控位点,启动子有1个失活态和2个激活态(即2个不同的转录出口),并考虑了绑定到不同调控位点的转录因子之间相互作用的3种代表性机制:招募机制,稳定机制和混合机制.理论分析和数值模拟结果显示:不同的转录出口能够导致mRNA分布峰的多样性; 3种机制下的平均表达水平和平均爆发频率都相同,但稳定机制诱导最大的表达噪声和平均爆发规模,而招募机制诱导最小的表达噪声和平均爆发规模.这些结果表明:细胞表型的产生源是复杂的,既与启动子结构有关也与调控机制有关.     

Crystal structures of the membrane-binding C2 domain of human coagulation factor V

Rapid and controlled clot formation is achieved through sequential activation of circulating serine proteinase precursors on phosphatidylserine-rich procoagulant membranes of activated platelets and endothelial cells. The homologous complexes Xase and prothrombinase, each consisting of an active proteinase and a non-enzymatic cofactor, perform critical steps within this coagulation cascade. The activated cofactors VIIIa and Va, highly specific for their cognate proteinases, are each derived from precursors with the same A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 architecture. Membrane binding is mediated by the C2 domains of both cofactors. Here we report two crystal structures of the C2 domain of human factor Va. The conserved beta-barrel framework provides a scaffold for three protruding loops, one of which adopts markedly different conformations in the two crystal forms. We propose a mechanism of calcium-independent, stereospecific binding of factors Va and VIIIa to phospholipid membranes, on the basis of (1) immersion of hydrophobic residues at the apices of these loops in the apolar membrane core; (2) specific interactions with phosphatidylserine head groups in the groove enclosed by these loops; and (3) favourable electrostatic contacts of basic side chains with negatively charged membrane phosphate groups.     

基于事件触发的网络控制系统研究

网络控制系统传输的数据量比较大,传统的周期触发机制存在很多缺点。本文基于稳定性条件,设计了事件触发机制控制器,构造了事件触发控制模型,分析了事件触发工作原理。仿真结果表明,事件触发控制系统的估计性能和周期触发控制系统的性能相同,而事件触发控制时间间隔小,在不影响数据包丢失的同时,能有效减少网络资源的使用,使传输过程更加高效。     

The transorientation hypothesis for codon recognition during protein synthesis

During decoding, a codon of messenger RNA is matched with its cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA and the amino acid carried by the tRNA is added to the growing protein chain. Here we propose a molecular mechanism for the decoding phase of translation: the transorientation hypothesis. The model incorporates a newly identified tRNA binding site and utilizes a flip between two tRNA anticodon loop structures, the 5'-stacked and the 3'-stacked conformations. The anticodon loop acts as a three-dimensional hinge permitting rotation of the tRNA about a relatively fixed codon-anticodon pair. This rotation, driven by a conformational change in elongation factor Tu involving GTP hydrolysis, transorients the incoming tRNA into the A site from the D site of initial binding and decoding, where it can be proofread and accommodated. The proposed mechanisms are compatible with the known structures, conformations and functions of the ribosome and its component parts including tRNAs and EF-Tu, in both the GTP and GDP states.