CALMET时空分辨率对CALPUFF模拟浓度场的影响

采用WRF输出的逐小时1 km分辨率预报风场作为CALMET诊断模式的输入, 生成不同时空分辨率的CALMET诊断风场, 耦合 CALPUFF得到逐分钟50 m分辨率浓度场, 在此基础上分析CALMET气象场时空分辨率对浓度场的影响, 并统计不同气象时空分辨率方案的计算耗时。结果表明, 当风向稳定且风速较大时, 较粗的时空分辨率亦能得到满意的风场和浓度场; 当风向转变且风速较小时, 时空分辨率对诊断风场和浓度场影响显著, 不同气象方案的浓度场差异可以高达40%; 风场转变期间, 当CALMET的时间步长大于30 min时, 加密气象网格会降低浓度场的模拟精度, 时间步长越长, 浓度场偏离越显著。综合考虑计算耗时和浓度场模拟准确性, 推荐在大气污染事故应急预警中采用10 min时间步长和400 m网格距的CALMET气象方案。     

MRT-LBM三重网格局部加密算法研究

应用MRT-LBM计算流场中运动粒子上的力和力矩时，可使用三重网格局部加密方法来提高计算结果的精度.将流场计算区域划分为互不重合的粗糙区、过渡区和加密区，相邻区域界面重合节点上的物理参数如密度、速度和应力等保持连续，不同区域的分布函数通过过渡区边界点进行传递，运算程序采用碰撞-迁移算法，给出了数据的初始化过程和加密的网格结构.通过对含非对称放置的粒子Couette流动，分别采用标准Boltzmann、全场加密、局部二重加密和三重加密的4种网格进行计算.数值计算结果表明，三重网格加密算法减少了计算结果的波动.对方腔流顶盖下方左右奇异角落处应用三重局部网格加密，结果显示，对雷诺数1 000的方腔流动，沿腔中心线的速度分布与经典文献结果对比效果良好，压力轮廓图的噪声明显降低，应力振荡明显减少.模拟结果证实了所建立的局部加密方法的有效性.      

基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁自适应矢量有限元模拟

基于能够模拟复杂模型的非结构化网格,提出基于矢量单元的三维自适应有限元大地电磁模拟算法。其过程是:利用残差型的后验误差算子初步估算粗网格上的单元误差,通过加密误差超过限定的单元,生成新的网格;对新的网格重复上一步过程,从而得到更加精确的数值结果;重复迭代过程直到计算结果的精度达到预定要求为止,从而生成最优化的有限元网格;基于COMMEMI 3D-1 MT模型的数值模拟,验证本文算法的正确性。研究结果表明:通过自适应的网格加密和迭代求解过程,本文算法可以产生迭代收敛的数值结果,计算结果具有较高的精度。     

滑行艇阻力数值预报若干影响因素研究

针对滑行艇数值模拟中艇底出现异常水气分布的问题,研究了流体体积法(VOF)界面插值格式,网格类型、网格数目、时间步长等因素对滑行艇性能数值预报的影响,并提出改进措施.研究表明:当基于相同的结构化网格及计算设置时,采用几何重构界面插值格式预报滑行艇的阻力及底部水气分布最为准确,任意网格可压缩界面捕捉格式次之,修正的高分辨率界面捕捉格式最差.通过选择合理的网格类型及网格数目也可以改善滑行船体性能预报精度.SATR-CCM+采用多面体网格可以较为准确预报滑行艇体的流场和阻力.建议在滑行艇的阻力及流场预报中采用几何重构的VOF界面插值方式,减小时间步,选择多面体网格并进行适当的网格加密,这样可以提高水气界面捕捉的精度,减小阻力预报的误差.     

考虑旋转和曲率修正的螺旋桨梢涡流场模拟

应用显式代数雷诺应力湍流模型对螺旋桨尾流中梢涡流场分布进行了数值研究,为了避免过高地预报梢涡涡核内湍流黏性耗散,对湍流模型进行了旋转和曲率修正．应用全六面体网格对螺旋桨计算域进行网格划分,为了避免数值离散误差,对梢涡区域进行了网格加密处理．计算结果表明：提出的尾流中梢涡流场分布数值模拟方法能够准确预报螺旋桨梢涡流场的分布及涡核位置,并准确反映了梢涡形成和发展过程中梢涡内主涡和次涡的关系,与实验测量结果基本一致．     

二维有限元网格的局部加密方法

设计了关键点、圆域和矩形域三种有限元网格局部加密方式．在所构造的局部加密嵌入面域内,利用基于Delaunay剖分的动态节点-单元一体化生成算法生成局部加密网格,并将其嵌入原网格,以实现分析对象关键区域有限元网格的局部加密．算例表明,该方法生成的网格质量良好,符合有限元分析要求．     

数值流形法局部网格加密算法

数值流形方法中网格加密是提高精度的方法之一,全局加密会严重导致计算效率低下,因此需要研究在数值流形法中覆盖系统网格局部加密.提出了数值流形法一到四级局部网格加密,可以根据实际情况需求自主选择网格加密等级进行计算分析.在数值流形法覆盖系统生成的算法基础上,采用C++面向对象编程技术开发程序.最后绘制裂纹分析数值算例计算后的位移图.结果表明:按照一到四级加密顺序对需加密区进行网格加密后,应力强度因子(stress intensity factor,SIF)与解析解误差均在5％以内,且符合加密越精细、计算结果精度越高的规律.可见此局部加密算法有效.     

表面裂纹的三维模型及应力强度因子计算

采用solid186单元退化生成的三维奇异等参单元模拟裂纹前缘应力应变场的奇异性,建立了相应的计算裂纹前缘应力强度因子(SIFS)的ansys有限元模型.采用相互作用积分法求解裂纹前缘的应力强度因子值.通过数值计算,分析了模型高度H、宽度W、过渡区网格尺寸L_2和非裂纹体网格尺寸L_3对裂纹前缘应力强度因子值计算精度的影响,对比Newman-Raju公式的计算结果,给出了模型高度H、宽度W、过渡区网格尺寸L_2和非裂纹体网格尺寸L_3的取值范围.本模型计算结果稳定可靠,能够适用于工程中含裂纹构件的应力强度因子值计算.     

关于非线性模式预报误差的研究

根据非线性理论和微分理论，详细研究了时间序列长度、相空间维数、内插阶数、Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数的计算误差及提前预报时间等因索对相空间模式预测误差的影响．研究结果表明：（１）相空间维数（ｄ≥３）越小，其预报误差越小；（２）模式的阶数越高，其预报误差越小；（３）所用的相点越多，其预报误差越小，一般所需的资料长度应不少于２６０个；（４）相空间模式的预报误差将正比于最近邻点与参考点之间的模距离；（５）适当增加内插相点可减少相空间模式的预报误差；（６）若相空间轨线不存在退化，则当最大方向角误差不大于０．４３６时，Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数模式的平均相对误差将不大于１０％，而且其预报误差不会因方向角误差而积累．     

ECMWF细网格10m风场产品在南海海域的预报检验

对2012年1月至2013年12月ECMWF(简称EC)细网格10m风场产品在南海海域的预报进行检验,结果表明:1EC对原油码头、七洲列岛、永兴岛、永暑礁4个海岛站的风速预报总体上比实况略偏大,其中对七洲列岛和永暑礁的风速预报不仅系统性偏差最小,接近0m/s,且预报与实况的相关性最好;在不同风速下EC预报的风向偏差多数集中分布在±45°之间,风速越小,风向预报偏差样本的离散度越大;EC对东南风向、偏东风向和西南风向预报的均方根误差和平均偏差均较小,而对偏北风向和西北风向的预报效果较差.2对比EC 10m风速预报场和分析场在不同季节的偏差发现:春、秋、冬季风速预报平均偏差大值中心分布有一定相似性,均位于南海北部靠近华南沿海一带和南海东南部靠近菲律宾群岛以西海面,但均方根误差和方差的分布有所差异;EC对夏季南海海域的风速预报除了24h预报较稳定外,预报时效越长,均方根误差和方差迅速增大,模式预报不稳定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that