N1-取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶酮衍生物的绿色合成及荧光性能

在80℃、无溶剂条件下,以六水氯化铝为催化剂,芳香醛、乙酰乙酸甲(乙)酯和单取代脲为原料,通过Biginelli"一锅法"合成了一系列N1-取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮衍生物。考察了原料用量、催化剂用量和温度对反应结果的影响,确定了较佳反应条件为:n_((芳香醛))∶n_((乙酰乙酸酯))∶n_((单取代脲))=1∶1∶1.3,氯化铝用量5 mol%,反应温度80℃。产品结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、元素分析和X射线单晶衍射进行了表征。对目标化合物进行固态荧光光谱分析的结果显示,目标化合物具有良好的荧光性质,在373 nm的激发波长作用下,最大发射波长在450～500 nm之间。     

三乙酸甘油酯的合成研究

本文以强酸型阳离子交换树酯为催化剂,通过酯化反应合成了三乙酸甘油酯,并系统地研究了树脂型号及其用量,乙酸与甘油的摩尔比,反应时间等因素对合成三乙酸甘油酯产率的影响。从而确定了合成三乙酸甘油酯的反应条件。     

可膨胀石墨催化合成三乙酸甘油酯

以甘油和乙酸酐为原料、可膨胀石墨为催化剂合成了三乙酸甘油酯.研究了甘油和乙酸酐的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产率的影响.实验结果表明可膨胀石墨是合成三乙酸甘油酯的良好催化剂.最佳反应条件:n(甘油):n(乙酸酐)=1:4.2,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应时间2 h,此条件下产率可达98.3%.     

超声辅助ZnCl2-水滑石催化合成嘧啶衍生物

以ZnCl_2-水滑石(LDH)为催化剂,芳香醛、尿素、乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,乙醇做溶剂,"一锅法"常温下反应15 min合成6-甲基-2-氧代-4-苯基-1,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯衍生物。通过单因素控制变量法,考察了催化剂种类、溶剂、催化剂用量、反应时间、温度及原料摩尔比对目标产物产率的影响。结果表明:在最优条件ZnCl_2-LDH催化剂用量为20%(以尿素质量为标准),超声反应15 min,反应温度为25℃,原料摩尔比n_((芳香醛))∶n_((尿素))∶n_((乙酰乙酸乙酯))=1.2∶1.0∶1.0时,产率为63.8%～91.2%。该催化剂可循环使用,循环3次后,产率仍有87.1%。     

水解稳定型硼酸酯表面活性剂的合成和表征

硼酸和甘油在阳离子交换树脂做催化剂的条件下反应合成硼酸甘油酯,反应转化率可达97%,。根据用KOH的乙醇溶液滴定得到的酸值,计算得出最佳产物的转化率能达到96.82%,。然后将生成的硼甘酯用环氧乙烷(EO)改性得到含有4个以上碳链的EO硼酸甘油酯,其水解稳定时间增加到48,h,说明其水解稳定性得到了改善。用红外谱图表征改性前后产物的结构进一步证明了最终产物就是含有C—O—C键的EO硼酸甘油酯。     

外推法测定甘油和硼酸反应平衡常数

探索了利用电位法[1]测定甘油和硼酸反应的平衡常数。在不同浓度下,甘油与硼酸反应生成硼酸甘油酯,通过电位法测定溶液的pH值,间接测定硼酸甘油酯的含量,通过逐步逼近法,外推到浓度接近零时的平衡常数,得到甘油与硼酸反应的平衡常数为K=3.0×1-0 9。     

单不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯的合成

本文对不饱和脂肪酸与甘油在不同条件下的直接酯化进行了对比研究,确立了单不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯合成的优化条件:弱酸催化剂,脂肪酸/甘油(摩尔比)1:3,反应温度250℃,反应时间3hr,酯化产物中单酯含量高达76.50％。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成甘油三乙酸酯的研究

以乙酸、甘油为原料,直接酯化合成甘油三乙酸酯,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成甘油三乙酸酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度92～98℃;反应时间5h;n(乙酸)：n(甘油)为4．5：1．0;催化剂用量为总物料质量的0．9％;带水剂苯用量为15mL(甘油为0．15mol的情况下)。甘油三乙酸酯的收率达到92．30％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

十二烷基苯磺酸催化合成乙酸酯

以乙酸和醇(乙醇、正丁醇、苄醇、异戊醇)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为催化剂,采用正交试验方法合成了乙酸酯(乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸异戊酯).研究了物料比、酯化时间、酯化温度和催化剂用量对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳合成工艺条件.结果表明,几种乙酸酯在最佳条件下的酯化率分别为:乙酸乙酯83.49%、乙酸正丁酯80.47%、乙酸苄酯78.39%、乙酸异戊酯81.57%.该方法操作简便、反应条件温和、收率较高、不加带水剂、绿色环保,具有良好的应用前景.     

双液相反应体系中脂肪酶催化拆分缩水甘油酯

利用脂肪酶作为催化剂在双液相反应体系中对外消旋缩水甘油酯进行立体选择性的酯水解反应. 考察了影响该拆分反应的因素， 确定了最适酶源为猪胰脂肪酶； 最适底物为缩水甘油丁酯； 其它最适反应条件： pH为7.6； 温度为27 ℃； 反应时间为4 h. 在最适 条件下， 当酶促拆分反应的转化率为60.6%时， 缩水甘油丁酯的光学纯度可以达到93.3%以 上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that