导电聚苯胺纳米片的合成与表征

以过二硫酸铵为氧化剂,以H4SiW12O40为质子酸和掺杂剂,通过低温固相研磨法成功合成出H4SiW12O40掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)纳米片.以红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、X射线粉末衍射光谱和扫描电镜等手段对杂多酸掺杂PANI纳米片进行了表征.采用标准四探针法对H4SiW12O40掺杂的PANI纳米片进行了测定,测得其电导率为1.5 S/cm.     

通过界面聚合法合成掺杂态的聚苯胺纳米薄片

以H4SiW12O40为质子酸和掺杂剂、过二硫酸铵（APS）为氧化剂,通过界面聚合法成功地合成出H4SiW12O40掺杂的聚苯胺（PANI）纳米薄片.采用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射和扫描电镜等手段对杂多酸掺杂PANI的纳米薄片进行了表征.采用标准四探针法对H4SiW12O40掺杂的PANI纳米薄片电导率进行了测定,得到最大电导率为16.2 S/cm.     

纳米纤维形貌聚苯胺的制备与表征

在常温条件下,以过二硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,同时利用杂多酸H4SiW12O40作为质子酸和制备导电聚合物的掺杂剂,通过液固相化学氧化聚合方法成功地合成出杂多酸掺杂的纳米纤维形貌的导电聚苯胺(PANI)材料.以红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、X射线粉末衍射光谱和扫描电镜等测试手段对杂多酸掺杂PANI纳米纤维结构材料进行了表征.并测定了其导电性,发现该材料的电导率为5.5S/cm.     

紫外光照催化法合成聚苯胺纳米管

以静电纺丝法制备的硝化棉纤维毯(NC)为模板,以硝酸铜(Cu(NO3)2)为氧化剂,通过紫外光照催化法制备多酸(H4SiW12O40,SiW12)掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)纳米管材料.用红外光谱、X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对合成的聚苯胺纳米管进行表征,结果表明,管的外部直径约为200 nm,内部直径约为170 nm,给出了合理的推测和解释.     

硅钨酸盐复合物[Zn(2,2'-bipy)3]1.5[SiW12O40Zn(2,2'-bipy)2(OH)]·0.25H2O的合成、结构及表征

通过水热合成方法,合成了一种新型的硅钨酸盐担载的有机无机复合物[Zn(2,2'-bipy)3]1.5[SiW12O40Zn(2,2'-bipy)2(OH)]·0.25H2O,并对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱、热分析及X-射线单晶衍射等表征.结构分析表明,标题化合物结构单元中含有1个 [SiW12O40Zn(2,2'-bipy)2(OH)]3-杂多阴离子,1.5个[Zn(2,2'-bipy)3]2 阳离子和0.25个结晶水分子.在[SiW12O40Zn(2,2'-bipy)2(OH)]3-杂多阴离子中,Keggin阴离子[SiW12O40]4-通过一个端氧原子与[Zn(2,2'-bipy)2(OH)] 共价相连.TG-DTA 热分析曲线表明多阴离子的骨架在618 ℃分解.     

吡啶钌的Keggin结构杂多钨酸盐的合成及表征

合成了两种联吡啶钌的Keggin结构杂多钨酸盐，[Ru(bipy)3]2[SiW12O40]2C2H5OH8H2O,[Ru(bIPY)3]2[GeW12O40]4C2H5OH4H2O；并通过元素分析、UV-Vis光谱、IR光谱、^1HNMR谱、热重分析对所合成化合物进行了表征，它们在可见区有较强的吸收，其吸收起始于750nm附近。     

H4SiW12O40-Pan催化剂催化合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

自制了H1SiW12O40(硅钨酸)-PAn(聚苯胺)催化剂．通过丁醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛,探讨了H4SiW12O40—PAn催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响．实验表明：H4SiW12O40-PAn是合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,在n(丁醛)：n(1,2-丙二醇)=1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1．2％、环己烷为带水剂、反应时间1．0h的优化条件下,丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可达95．2％．     

H4SiW12O40-PAn催化剂催化合成4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊烷

目的自制H4SiW12O40(硅钨酸)-PAn(聚苯胺)环境友好催化剂并进行有机物合成应用研究。方法通过FT-IR,XRD和TG/DTA手段对自制催化剂进行表征,以苯甲醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊烷,探讨H4SiW12O40-PAn催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。结果在n(苯甲醛)/n(1,2-丙二醇)=1/2.0,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间45 min的优化条件下,4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧戊烷的收率可达87.4%。结论实验结果表明,H4SiW12O40-PAn是合成苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂。     

光化学合成缺位型α－9－硅钨杂多化合物及其性质研究

利用光化学方法合成了一种硅钨杂多化合物．元素分析得到该杂多化合物的分子式为H10SiW9O34·4H2O．通过UV—Vis,IR,XRD,TG—DTA和电化学等方法对化合物进行了表征,并与H4SiW1240杂多酸（记为SiW12）和标准样品α—H10SiW9O34·4H2O（记为α—HSiW9）的性质进行比较研究,结果表明标题化合物为理α-H10SiW9O34·4H2O,是一种三缺位的、具有Kcggin基本结构骨架的杂多化合物．     

H4SiW12O40/SiO2纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶法合成与表征

用正硅酸乙酯、正丁醇、水及硅钨酸为原料，通过Sol-Gel合成出H4SiW12O40/SiO2纳米粉体，采用IR、XRD、XPS、TEM等手段对其性能进行了表征。结果表明：H4SiW12O40与SiO2以共价键牢固结合，纳米粉体为典型的非晶态，平均料径为33nm，为开发性能性能的催化剂奠定基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that