松花江表层沉积物重金属空间分布及生态风险评价

为探究松花江表层沉积物重金属的分布特征和来源,2014年4月采集松花江16份表层沉积物样品。采用全分解法对样品进行消解;并分析重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb、As、Hg。结果表明,除Zn和Cr外,其他重金属平均含量高于背景值。参照TEL-PEL生态风险评估体系,Ni、Cu、As、Cd具有一定生态风险,其中Ni、As对底栖动物生态风险较强。高含量的重金属出现河段为中上游水体,通化和吉林市河段水体沉积物重金属含量较高。重金属Cu、Zn主要来自于生活污水的排放,高浓度Cr、Cd、Hg主要来自于工业废水排放,As来自于岩石风化过程。松花江中上游水体大部分点位表层沉积物重金属毒性单元4,处中-高毒性水平;而下游水体毒性较低。重金属平均毒性呈AsNiCrPbZnCdCuHg,其中As和Ni贡献率最高。     

茅洲河流域表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价

为全面了解茅洲河底泥沉积物中重金属污染特征及其生态风险程度,在茅洲干流和支流中共采集34个底泥样品,测试分析As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn等7种重金属元素含量,并对其污染来源及生态风险进行讨论.研究结果表明,茅洲河流域表层沉积物中重金属元素Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni含量较高,均值均超过中国湖泊底泥中重金属平均含量值,其中Cr,Cu,Zn和Ni超过国家海洋沉积物Ⅲ类标准值.7种重金属元素的地积累指数从大到小依次为Cu,Ni~Zn~Cd~Cr,Pb,As,污染负荷指数从大小到依次为Cu,Ni~Zn,Cd~Cr,Pb,As,潜在生态风险指数从大到小依次为Cd~Cu,Ni,Cr~Zn,As~Pb,这说明沉积物主要受到Cu,Zn,Ni,Cd和Cr的污染.     

重庆市梁滩河沉积物重金属污染风险评价

应用沉积物富集系数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价重庆梁滩河沉积物重金属污染风险.结果表明:整个梁滩河沉积物重金属均有不同程度的富集,单个重金属的富集程度由大到小依次为:Cd,Cu,As,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr.沉积物中Cu,Zn和Pb出现富集,其主要来源为天然地球化学过程;Cr和Ni来源于人为源,但富集不大;Cd和As来源于人为源,且出现富集,应重点监控.以三峡库区土壤背景值为参比,除龙凤桥河段处于中等生态风险等级外,其他河段都处于生态风险强的等级;单个重金属元素的生态风险由大到小依次为:Cd,As,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn,Cr.     

小清河表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征与污染风险评价

以小清河表层沉积物为研究对象,在上、中、下游分别采集6个表层沉积物样品,对沉积物理化性质及Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、As、Hg共8种重金属含量进行测试,并利用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行污染风险评价.结果表明:小清河表层沉积物中重金属Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、As、Hg元素质量比均值分别为...     

于桥水库水源地水体重金属潜在生态风险评价

针对于桥水库水源地河流中重金属可能存在的生态风险,以于桥水库水源地河流33个子流域采样点重金属的监测数据为基础,对河流悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物中Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr和Zn等重金属的含量进行分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评价了河流表层沉积物中以上重金属污染的状况和潜在生态风险.结果表明:河流悬浮颗粒物中Cd和As的平均含量超过我国土壤环境质量一级标准值3倍,Cu和Cr的平均含量是土壤环境质量一级标准值的1.6倍,Pb和Zn的平均含量低于土壤环境质量一级标准,Cd和Cr显示出一定的生态风险;表层沉积物中Cu、As和Cr的平均含量和部分表层沉积物样品中Pr、Cd和Zn的平均含量超过我国土壤环境质量一级标准值;比较3条支流河流可知,Cd、As和Pb在沙河沉积物中含量最高,在黎河沉积物中含量最低;Cr和Zn在沙河沉积物中含量最高,在淋河沉积物中含量最低;Cu在淋河沉积物中含量最高,在黎河沉积物中含量最低. Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果显示,水体悬浮颗粒物中As和Cd分别属于极强和较强生态风险等级,河流表层沉积物中Cd为中等潜在生态风险级别,重金属总体属于中等风险级别.     

清水河流域崇礼区河段沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价

评价河流沉积物重金属污染特征及风险有助于识别河流生态环境健康.本文以清水河流域崇礼区河段6处沉积物重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn)为研究对象,采用地累积指数法、污染负荷指数法、富集系数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其分布特征、污染程度和潜在生态风险进行分析,并探讨重金属污染来源.研究结果表明,沉积物中...     

江西省南丰蜜桔土壤重金属特征评价及源解析

为了了解江西南丰蜜桔土壤环境条件,通过Excel、Arcgis软件、单因子污染、Nemerow综合污染和潜在生态风险分别对南丰蜜桔表层土壤中Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Ni等重金属的含量统计、空间分布、污染特征及来源进行了评价和分析.结果表明,表层土壤重金属Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu和Zn均值含量高于江西省土壤背景值.所有重金属元素的平均值均未超过国家农用地土壤污染风险控制标准的筛选值.频率直方图显示Cd、Cu和Hg的分布呈右偏,而Cr、As、Hg、Pb、Zn和Ni的分布接近正态分布.土壤污染特征评价结果表明,Cr和Ni的单因子污染评价为安全范围;Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu和Zn均有不同程度的单因子污染,但总体污染程度较低.Nemerow综合污染指数显示,重度重金属污染主要集中在城区工业园区附近以及研究区的东北部和中南部.Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Zn和Ni的潜在生态风险评价属于轻微生态风险,而Cd和Hg存在不同程度的潜在风险.综合潜在生态风险评价强风险和极强风险主要分布在城区工业园附近和中南部.Cd、Hg、As和Cu的空间分布相似,含量高值出现在城区工业园区附近;Pb、Zn和Ni的空间分布相似,含量高值出现在东南部,Cr的含量高值出现在东北部和东南部.根据Pearson相关矩阵、主成分分析和主成分-绝对主成分得分受体模型分析表明,Cr和Ni主要来自自然源,Cd、Hg、As和Cu主要来自工业活动,Pb和Zn主要来自农业活动,部分Pb来自交通源,南丰蜜桔表层土壤环境质量总体良好.     

巢湖市河流表层沉积物重金属污染和风险评价

采集巢湖市不同河道9个点位的表层沉积物样品,检测了7种重金属元素的含量水平,分析空间分布特征,并评价了其潜在的生态风险.结果表明,巢湖市河道表层沉积物中重金属含量水平相对较高,Hg和As的平均含量已经超过沉积物质量基准上限;根据地累积指数计算结果,重金属污染程度大小依次为Ni,Hg,Cu,As,Cr,Zn,Pb,单项重金属潜在生态风险大小依次为Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn,其中Ni污染程度达到极强污染水平,Hg为中污染水平,但却是最主要的潜在生态风险因子,As表现为较重风险,其他重金属的潜在生态风险相对较低;Hg单项潜在生态风险区域与综合潜在生态风险区域特征相对一致,重金属污染可能存在的主要风险区域为西环城河,相关部门应当足够重视.     

东阳江表层沉积物重金属污染评价及来源分析

为进一步认识人类活动对河流重金属污染的影响,以浙江省金华市东阳江边滩表层沉积物为研究对象进行粒度和重金属元素分析.利用污染负荷指数法、地质累积指数法和富集系数法对重金属污染状况进行了评价,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析方法探讨重金属污染来源.结果显示:沉积物中各重金属元素均呈现不同程度累积和富集态势,尤以Cu污染最为严重,Ni和Mn两种元素与沉积物颗粒关系较为密切;义乌-东阳城区段沉积物重金属污染程度最高,其次为婺城区段,金东区段和东阳乡镇段则较低; Pb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr元素的空间变化趋势相似,均在义乌-东阳城区段呈现高值,其次为婺城区段,金东区段和东阳乡镇段则较低,而Mn元素则呈现与上述元素相反的变化趋势.重金属来源分析表明,Pb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr可能来自于工业生产及汽车尾气排放,而Mn元素则主要受控于地质背景.     

南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属污染调查

为了解南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属的含量、污染程度,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析仪(ICP-AES)对沉积物中Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn等7种重金属的含量进行分析,并应用地累积指数法计算各种重金属的污染指数,评价各种重金属所引起的污染程度。分析结果表明:莫愁湖沉积物中重金属含量由大到小的排列顺序为:Mn,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ni,Cd;应用地累积指数法计算得出莫愁湖表层沉积物中主要重金属污染元素为Cd,处于偏重的污染程度,其次为Pb,Zn,污染程度为轻度污染,而Cr,Cu,Mn和Ni没有引起污染,处于清洁状态;沉积物垂向上Mn和Zn含量变化较大,主要的重金属污染元素为Cd,Pb,Zn。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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