分散型磷钼酸铵催化剂下孤岛渣油的加氢裂化反应产物

分析了孤岛渣油在分散型磷钼酸铵催化剂存在下加氢裂化反应产物的性质.对比了不同的催化剂加入方法对产物组成、性质的影响.结果表明.高分散加入法能显著地提高催化剂的加氢活性和抑制生焦能力.在本实验条件下,孤岛渣油悬浮床加氢裂化过程具有中等(70％～80％)脱硫和脱镍(60％～80％)率,裂化产物AGO可用于生产柴油;VGO可用作FCC的原料.     

分散型磷钼酸铵催化剂下孤岛渣油的加氢裂化反应产物

分析了孤岛渣油在分散型磷钼酸铵催化剂存在下加氢裂化反应产物的性质，对比了不同的催化剂加入方法对产物组成、性质的影响。结果表明，高分散加入法能显著地提高催化剂的加氢活性和抑制生焦能力。在本实验条件下，孤岛渣油悬浮床加氢裂化过程具有中等（７０％～８０％）脱硫和脱镍（６０％～８０％）率，裂化产物ＡＧＯ可用于生产柴油；ＶＧＯ可用作ＦＣＣ的原料。     

渣油悬浮床加氢裂化催化剂的研究

以孤岛减压渣油为原料 ,采用高压釜加氢方式考察了以钴、钼、镍、铁和稀土金属为活性组分的 2 1种催化剂对渣油悬浮床加氢裂化反应的作用。结果表明 ,在钴、钼、镍系列催化剂中 ,钼系催化剂的效果较好。其中 ,钼酸铵系列最佳 ;钴系与镍系催化剂的效果相当 ;铁系催化剂中的硝酸铁具有较高的活性和抑制甲苯不溶物生成的能力 ;稀土系列催化剂的活性远高于钴、钼、镍、铁系列催化剂 ,其产物中减压馏分油的收率较高 ,而且这种催化剂抑制甲苯不溶物生成的潜力较大 ,可以在更苛刻的反应条件下与减压渣油反应。首次采用相对效率因子 fr 来评价悬浮床加氢裂化催化剂的活性 ,与分极指数RN相比 ,fr 更能有效地衡量催化剂的活性     

渣油加氢脱金属催化剂的积炭分析

采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TGA)和固体核磁(¹³C NMR)等方法,研究渣油加氢脱金属过程中积炭在催化剂上的沉积类型、沉积过程及其结构演变.结果表明:催化剂表面上的积炭可明显地分辩为两种不同类型的炭,即致密炭和疏松炭.在整个渣油加氢脱金属过程中,随着反应的进行,积炭结构逐步由富脂肪型炭向芳香型炭转变,积炭的前后沉积模式存在明显的“先快后慢”特征.     

加氢还原法制备高纯度仲辛醇

以负载型铜、镍催化剂为加氢催化剂 ,液相加氢还原粗仲辛醇中的 2 辛酮制备高纯度仲辛醇。分析了催化剂的制备方法、类型及加氢反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明 ,镍催化剂的加氢活性较高 ,加氢反应条件相对缓和。在适当的加氢条件下 ,采用浸渍法制备的镍催化剂和采用共沉淀法制备的铜催化剂的加氢活性相当 ,2 辛酮的加氢转化率均可达 98%以上 ,加氢产物中仲辛醇的纯度达 98%～ 99% ,2 辛酮含量可降至 0 .2 %以下。负载型镍、铜催化剂具有良好的活性稳定性 ,是制备高纯度仲辛醇的高效、高选择性催化剂 ,具备一定的工业开发潜力。     

FCC废催化剂负载镍催化松节油加氢性能研究

以提升管催化裂化(FCC)废催化剂为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型镍催化剂,并对其进行催化加氢性能的研究.利用FYX-2G型永磁旋转搅拌反应釜在温度383 K、压力2 MPa和搅拌转速260r/min条件下,考察了催化剂对松节油加氢反应活性及选择性的影响,应用GC-MS和GC技术对反应产物进行分析鉴定.结果表明,加氢反应1.5h的反应产物主要组分有顺、反-蒎烷、对伞花烃和未反应完全的蒎烯,产物中蒎烷顺反比为19.2∶1;以焙烧前后的FCC废催化剂为载体负载镍催化松节油加氢反应的蒎烯转化率分别为95.9％和98.2％,蒎烷顺反比分别为21.4∶1和21.1∶1;而以新鲜FCC催化剂为载体负载镍催化松节油加氢的蒎烯转化率为60.3％,蒎烷顺反比为24.7∶1;催化剂适宜制备条件:FCC废催化剂经723 K焙烧后负载镍,负载量为20％,焙烧及氢气还原温度为723 K,时间为3h.     

加氢还原法制备高纯度仲辛醇

以负载型铜、镍催化剂为加氢催化剂，兴相加氢还原仲辛醇中的2－辛酮制备高纯度仲辛醇。分析了催化剂的制备方法、类型及加氢反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明，镍催化剂的加氢活性较高，加氢反应条件相对缓和。在适当的加氢条件下，采用浸渍法制备的镍催化剂和采用共沉淀法制备的铜催化剂的加氢活性相当，2－辛酮的加氢转化率均可达98％以上，加氢产物中仲辛醇的纯度达98－99％，2－辛酮含量可降至0．2％以下，负载型镍、铜催化剂具有良好的活性稳定性，是制备高纯度仲辛醇的高效、高选择性催化剂，具备一定的工业开发潜力。     

低温固相法制备非负载型介孔Ni-Mo-W硫化物催化剂

介绍了一种新型的柴油深度加氢改质催化剂的制备方法.以四硫代钼酸铵、四硫代钨酸铵和碱式碳酸镍为前驱物,以化合物MS-1为模板剂,采用低温固相表面反应技术,制备出具有较高比表面、适宜孔容和介孔孔径分布的非负载型Ni-Mo-W硫化物催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附、扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜等手段对所制备的催化剂进行表征.将所制备的加氢催化剂以催化裂化柴油为原料,采用高压釜装置进行加氢活性评价.评价结果表明,该方法制备的催化剂具有优异的加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮活性.     

ARO-1催化柴油加氢脱芳催化剂的开发

以自主开发的催化柴油加氢脱芳催化剂ARO-1(Aromatics Ring Opening),在15mL小型加氢试验装置上对大庆催化柴油进行加氢脱芳。结果表明,ARO-1催化剂具有良好的加氢性能,脱芳率为58.0%,脱硫率为97.8%,脱氮率为99.8%,密度降低0.0416g/cm3,而且柴油产品收率可以达到98.0wt%,说明ARO-1是性能优异的催化柴油加氢脱芳烃催化剂。     

混合原料油催化裂化工业生产性能的预测

对三种原料油的催化裂化性能进行了实验研究.数据表明,渣油加氢蜡油是优质催化裂化原料.混合油及孤岛减压蜡油裂化性能较差.而且后两种原料油的产品分布均劣于渣油加氢蜡油.预计使用混合原料油进行工业催化裂化生产时,由于焦炭及汽油产率、转化率、催化剂的重金属污染等与其它两种原料油不同.生产中需要在再生器取热、反应温度、回炼比、新鲜催化剂补充量等方面相应进行调整.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with