气相色谱—质谱联用技术分析藿香挥发油化学成分

以湛江市遂溪县产藿香为研究对象,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取藿香的挥发油成分,利用气相色谱—质谱联用技术结合程序升温保留指数进行定性分析,采用峰面积归一法进行定量分析.共分离出90种化学成分,鉴定了50种化合物,占挥发油总量的72.53%,主要成分有广霍香醇(24.88%)、δ-愈创木烯(16.05%)、α-广藿香烯(7.61%)、α-愈创木烯(7.36%)、丁香烯(3.63%)、β-广藿香烯(3.38%)、β-榄香烯(1.5%)和γ-丁香烯(1.0%).     

可可茶花香与可可乌龙茶挥发油成分比较研究

利用顶空固相微萃取法(Head Space-Solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)提取了可可茶茶花和可可乌龙茶的挥发油成分,用气-质联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行了分析,对比可可茶茶花和乌龙茶挥发油成分的异同。顶空固相微萃取法得到的可可茶茶花挥发油成分中大根香叶烯D(53.97%)、α-金合欢烯(16.07%)、沉香螺醇(3.96%)、十三-2-炔-环丙酯(3.30%)、δ-杜松烯(3.22%)、β-荜澄茄油烯(1.96%)、异香橙烯(1.73%)、1,5-二甲基-8-(1-甲基)乙烯基-1,5-环癸二烯(1.61%)、古巴烯(1.55%)9种物质的含量较高,其中七种烃类化合物占总挥发油成分的80.11%。顶空固微萃取法得到的可可乌龙茶挥发油成分中反-橙花叔醇(29.1%)、己酸叶醇酯(22.56%)、4-乙酰基-3-乙烯酸乙酯(10.21%)、芳樟醇(6.17%)、紫苏烯(5.97%)、α-金合欢烯(3.54%)、反-叶绿醇(2.11%)、己酸己酯(1.87%)、(3Z)-3-辛酸丁酯(1.74%)9种物质含量最高,其中3种醇类物质占总挥发油成分的37.38%,4种酯类物质占总挥发油成分的36.38%,2种烃类化合物占总挥发油成分的9.51%。可可茶茶花挥发油成分以烃类化合物和醇类居多,可可乌龙茶挥发油主要成分除此之外还有酯类,正是这三类化合物使得可可乌龙茶具有花香的气味。     

大叶紫珠的化学成分

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS等柱层析色谱技术,从大叶紫珠70%乙醇(体积分数)提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到10个化合物.通过波谱分析并与文献数据对照方法,将其分别鉴定为7-O-乙基愈创木基甘油(1)、松柏醛(2)、胡萝卜苷(3)、3,12-O-β-D-二吡喃葡萄糖苷-11,16-二羟基松香醇-8,11,13-三烯(4)、2α,3α,19α-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(5)、2α,3α,19α,23-四羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(6)、2α,3β,23,29-四羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(7)、阿江榄仁树葡糖苷Ⅱ(8)、2α,3β,23,29-四羟基-12-烯-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D葡萄糖苷(9)、悬钩子皂苷R1(10).其中,除化合物2和5外,其余均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

黄连木树皮挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从黄连木树皮中提取挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对挥发油的化学成分进行分析,共分离到9个化合物,占挥发油总量的96.236%。黄连木树皮挥发油主要成分是三环烯(0.475%)、α-蒎烯(15.589%)、莰烯(0.890%)、β-蒎烯(8.498%)、柠檬烯(0.321%)、马鞭烯醇(2.439%)、马鞭烯酮(2.085%)、棕榈酸(4.217%)、亚油酸(61.722%)。     

山胡椒不同部位挥发性化学成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取山胡椒的果实和花中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分离鉴定了山胡椒果实和花的挥发性成分.结果表明:从山胡椒果实中鉴定出28种挥发性化合物,其中主要挥发化合物有顺式-α-蒎烯、(-)-蒎烯、莰烯、α-月桂烯、柠檬烯、(E)-柠檬醛、香茅醛等;从山胡椒花中鉴定出19种挥发性化合物,其中主要是桧烯、ɑ-月桂烯、松油醇、8-十七碳烯、桉油精等.将山胡椒果实和花中的挥发性化合物进行对比分析,以便于了解山胡椒果实和花中的挥发性成分存在的差别,以及花中独有主要成分的性质和用途.     

响应面法优化姜黄挥发油提取工艺及其化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取姜黄挥发油,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,确定了姜黄挥发油提取的最适工艺条件,即加水9.5倍,浸泡3h,加热回流5h,在此工艺条件下,姜黄挥发油实际得率为3.600 2%,预测值为3.638 8%.利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对优化工艺提取的挥发油进行分析.结果表明,共分离鉴定出39个组分,其相对含量占挥发油总量的93.49%,主要化合物为α-姜黄酮(26.43%)、α-姜烯(15.34%)、芳姜黄酮(11.82%)、β-倍半水芹烯(11.52%)、姜黄新酮(9.78%)和α-姜黄烯(3.44%)等.     

桂产新鲜马樱丹叶及花的香气成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

以无需溶剂的简捷的顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法分析了广西产新鲜马樱丹叶及花的挥发性香气成分.从叶的香气中分离出44个峰,鉴定出39种化合物,占香气成分总质量的98.83%.叶的挥发性香气主要成分及其质量分数为:橙花叔醇(16.77%),β-石竹烯(16.51%),α-姜黄烯(10.50%),α-长叶松烯(9.47%),β-榄香烯(8.85%),姜烯(7.91%),α-石竹烯(6.88%),α-香柠檬烯(3.61%),松油烯(3.04%).从花的香气中分离出50个色谱峰,鉴定出个43个成分,占香气成分总质量的98.54%.花的挥发性香气主要成分及其质量分数为:β-石竹烯(13.11%),β-榄香烯(12.55%),α-长叶松烯(11.84%),姜烯(10.48%),α-姜黄烯(9.63%),α-石竹烯(5.79%),橙花叔醇(5.28%),α-香柠檬烯(4.81%),α-松油烯(3.71%).     

藜蒿挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油,用GC-MS法测定其化学成分和质量分数,其馏出物共鉴定出48种化合物,主要有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2.803%)等.     

辣乳菇化学成分的分离和鉴定

利用多种色谱分离技术从辣乳菇(Lactarius piperatus)子实体中分离纯化得到9个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱学解析,分别鉴定为硬脂酸(1)、棕榈酸(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(3)、(22E,24R)-麦角-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)、(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧-麦角-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、(22E,24R)-麦角-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6)、isolactarorufin(7)、(22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-三羟基-麦角-7,22-二烯-6-酮(8)和(22E,24R)-麦角-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇(9).其中化合物(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)和(5)均系首次从该野生食用菌子实体中分离得到.     

枇杷叶中三萜类成分的研究

采用色谱方法对枇杷叶成分进行分离纯化,并依据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从枇杷叶乙醇提取物中分离到13个化合物,经鉴定为三萜和脂肪醇类物质,其中三萜：乌苏酸 (1)、蔷薇酸 (2)、齐墩果酸 (3)、2α, 19α-二羟基-3-羰基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸 (4)、2α, 3β, 13β-三羟基-11-烯-28-乌苏酸 (5)、2α-羟基白桦脂酸甲酯 (6)、科罗索酸甲酯 (7)、乌苏醇 (8)、科罗索酸 (9)、2α, 3α, 19α-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸 (10) 、β-谷甾醇 (11)、2α, 3α, 19α, 23四羟基齐墩果酸 (12);脂肪醇：正二十一烷醇 (13)。化合物5、6、8、12和13是首次从枇杷属植物中分离得到。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that