粗网有限差分法及其燃耗计算

本文介绍的粗网有限差分法求解二维双群中子扩散方程，可用于反应堆燃料管理中的燃耗计算，计算结果与通用的细网有限差分法、节块格林函数方法作了比较，其有效增殖系数的相对误差小于０．０８％，该方法具有计算时间短、满足一定精度要求等特点，适用于工程初步设计的燃料管理分析。     

通量展开节块法求解六角形几何二维中子扩散方程

提出了一种在二维六角形几何节块内数值求解中子扩散方程的节块法，节块内的各群通量分布用解析基函数近似展开，节块之间采用面偏流0次矩和1次矩进行耦合．为了提高计算效率，将响应矩阵技术应用于迭代求解过程．该方法不仅避免了常规方法中偏通量积分出现的奇异项问题，而且具备重构六角形几何节块内精细功率分布的能力．基于提出的模型，发展了二维六角形组件中子扩散计算程序FEMHEX．通过对水水动力反应堆基准问题的校验计算表明，该方法能高效、准确地给出有效增值因数及节块功率．     

节块展开与有限差分非线性迭代法

为了快速准确地求解多维多群中子扩散方程,给出了基于单节块展开和双节块有限差分两种新的非线性迭代法,并与已有的基于双节块展开的非线性迭代法作了比较。在两个(或单个)节块上通过节块展开技术(或有限差分技术)求解界面中子流,进而更新非线性修正系数,再由更新的非线性修正系数重新进行粗网计算。通过上述迭代过程中子扩散方程得以求解。基准计算表明,双节块(或单节块)展开非线性迭代法比Green函数节快法要快得多,两者计算精度相当;而有限差分非线性迭代法在计算精度和速度上可以达到与Green函数节快法相当的水平,并且该方法可以灵活地对粗网节块作进一步的划分,提高计算精度。     

非结构网格中子输运方程的离散纵标节块数值解法

基于离散节块方法（DNTM）的思想，研究了一种新的适用于二维三角形节块的离散坐标数值解法．使用坐标变换将任意三角形变换为正三角形，源项和通量的空间分布使用二次正交多项式展开，横向泄漏项的空间二次分布通过使用二元二次多项式近似正三角形节块的通量分布来获得、针对小尺寸易出现不收敛的情况，提出了一种改进的节块平衡有限差分方法．数值计算结果表明，该方法能满足非结构几何区域问题的求解需求，与细网SN方法相比，该方法在较粗的网格下具有高的精度，同时还适用于较细网格下的中子输运计算．     

时间上二次展开的时空动力学方法的实现

为了在反应堆动力学方程求解中检验一种新的时空动力学方法——时间上二次展开的格林函数节块法(TQE/ NGFM) ,作者编写了应用这种方法的 FORTRAN程序。该程序采用了新的迭代求解方式 ,与标准的格林函数节块法的程序对轻水堆的典型算例进行了校算。标准的瞬态格林函数节块法 (TNGFM)在时间上采用全隐式近似。在求解二维 TWIGL问题时 ,在相近计算精度下 ,TQE/ NGFM的计算时间是 TNGFM的约 1/ 5。结果表明 ,时间上二次展开的时空动力学方法是一种有效的、先进的方法     

第二类边界条件先进格林函数节块法

目前广泛应用的节块格林函数法是基于第三类边界条件,这类格林函数比较复杂,并且不便直接使用不连续因子,必须经过转换后才能使用和功率重构。该文发展了第二类边界条件三维几何先进格林函数节块法。该方法的优点是格林函数计算较简单,便于在交界面处引入通量不连续因子,并通过功率重构得出堆芯内精细通量分布。基准计算表明,该程序精度高、速度快,成为水堆堆芯物理设计和燃料管理计算的核心程序。     

全堆芯格林函数方法的格林函数库的建立

提出了利用微扰正向扩散计算方法的思想,建立了全堆芯格林函数方法（ＣＧＦＭ）中的格林函数库。利用格林函数库取消了内迭代,从而大大提高了中子扩散方程的求解速度。针对我国秦山核电厂的外－内和低泄漏两种布料方案进行了校核计算。结果表明,计算精度与格林函数节块方法（ＮＧＦＭ）相当,计算速度提高近９倍。     

非线性节块展开法

非线性节块展开法是一种快速计算反应堆物理参数的节块方法。与有限差分法相比，它具有速度快、精度高的特点；与另一种节块法—Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数展开法相比，它又保留了有限差分法的优点：不但可以得到有效倍增因子、功率分布等参数，还可以得到差分方程的系数矩阵，因而十分适合与广义微扰理论（ＧＰＴ）相结合以获得更快的计算速度，应用于堆芯燃料管理优化中。通过两个二维基准问题的检验计算，比较了非线性节块展开法和Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数展开法程序的速度与精度，结果表明两个程序基本相当，非线性节块展开法可以满足实际应用的需要。     

Cauchy微分方程的一种新的数值解法

众所周知，求解微分方程常用的数值值方法有有限差分法，有限元素法等，这些方法都是将微分方程（组）分离散化后求解。若将网格划分得粗了，则求解精度不高，不能满足工程实际需要，若将网格划分得细了，则所需计算机内存量和计算量都太大。     

时间上二阶展开的Green函数节块法

为快速求解反应堆三维时空动力学方程,克服已有方法的局限,提出了一种新的求解方法.该方法在时间方面,中子通量密度按时间二阶展开(QEM);在空间方面,采用Green函数节块法(NGFM).根据对模型的校算表明,在相近计算精度下,它的时间步长可以放大到全隐式差分方法(FIM)的5～20倍,而且Green函数节块法的空间网格可以放大到有限差分方法的约20倍.所以,时间上二阶展开的Green函数节块法 (TQE/NGFM) 是一种先进的反应堆动力学方程的求解方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has