Examination of dynamic recrystallization during compression of AZ31 magnesium

This study aimed to investigate dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior during compression of magnesium alloy AZ31. Cylinder samples were cut from the extruded rod and hot rolled sheet AZ31 for compression test.The samples were compressed using a Gleeble 1500D at a temperature of 300℃and a strain rate of 0.01 s-1.Grain orientations and misorientation angles across grain boundaries for the tested samples were obtained by using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)technique.The results showed that strong basal texture was observed after 50%compression(ε=0.69)on both the extruded and hot rolled samples,which have different initial textures.It was observed that with increased strain,DRX grains gradually rotated to basal orientation,and grain boundaries with misorientation angle of near 30°was formed in the samples.At the strain of 0.69,a high fraction of high-angle(60°)boundaries was present in the extruded sample,whereas almost no high angle boundaries were observed in the hot rolled sheet sample.     

Dielectric properties of BST/MZO ceramic composites

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Mg1-xZnxO(MZO,x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.20) ceramic composites were prepared by traditional ceramic processing.The crystal structure,fracture surface morphology,and dielectric properties were investigated.The samples with x=0,0.05 and 0.10 exhibited favorable sintering behavior,and homogeneous diphase microstructure was obtained. Nevertheless,the microstructure of the samples with x=0.15 and 0.20 was inhomogeneous and abnormal grain growth could be observed,and the abnormal grain growth induced the degradation of dielectric strength.The sample with x=0.10 has relatively low dielectric loss(1.26×10-3) and the optimal FOM value(about 174) .     

Effect of Cu seed on the synthesis and characterization of FeCo alloy nano-particles by using polyol method

Fine metal particles with uniform shape,narrow size distribution and high purity are increasingly needed for specific uses in high tech industrial application.We report the direct chemical synthesis of FeCo alloy particles using the mixture of FeCl2·4H2O,Co(Ac) 2·4H2O(Ac:acetate) and NaOH in ethylene glycol,and then obtained FeCo alloy particles better dispersed by adding the polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and also the size could be controlled by adding copper.The prepared nano-particles were characterized using FESEM,XRD and VSM.The mean diameter of these particles was varied in the range of submicrometer to nanometer with metal-ion concentration.FeCo particles showed the typical soft magnetic properties.     

Effect of the silicon powder content on the properties of Al_2O_3-SiC-Me composites

By means of transient plastic phase process,the Al2O3-SiC-Me composites were produced throungh adding metal aluminium and silicon-powder to Al2O3-SiC materials.Under the condition of the same content of silicon and aluminium mixed-powder,the effect of silicon powder addition on properties of Al2O3-SiC-Me composites was studied by means of XRD and EPMA analyses in the temperature range of 300°C-1600°C.The results indicated that the content of metal phase in the sample at 1600°C increases with increasing silicon powder content.At the same time,when the temperature is lower than 1100°C,the strength of samples gradually increases with increasing temperature.However when the temperature is higher than 11000°C,the strength of samples gradually decreases with increasing temperature,and this change is very small.The results also indicated that at the same sintering temperature,the sample with 6%silicon powder has the maximum strength.     

One-step synthesis route of the aligned and non-aligned single crystalline α-Si_3N_4 nanowires

This paper reports the bulk synthesis route of the aligned and non-aligned high-qualityα-Si 3 N4 nanowires(NWs) which were grown directly from the Si substrate by vapor phase deposition at 1050℃.The as-grown products were characterized by employing XRD,SEM,HRTEM and photoluminescence.The microscopic results revealed that the products consist of single crystalline aligned and non-alignedα-Si 3 N4 NWs having a same diameter range of 30-100 nm and different lengths of about hundreds of microns.The XRD observation revealed that the products consist ofα-phase Si 3 N4 NWs.The room temperature PL spectra indicated that the NWs have good emission property.The non-aligned NWs were formed at lower temperature as compared with aligned NWs.Our method is a simple and one-step procedure to synthesize the bulk-quantity and high-purity aligned and non-alignedα-Si 3 N4 NWs at a relatively low temperature.The possible growth mechanism was also briefly discussed.     

Preparation and properties of multi-wall carbon nanotube/SiC composites by aqueous tape casting

MWCNTS/SiC composites were fabricated by aqueous tape casting.High solid content(50 vol%) SiC slurries with sintering additives and multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) as reinforcements were prepared using Tetramethylammonium hydroxide as the dispersant.The stability of MWCNTs/SiC slurries was studied and characterized in terms of zeta potential and rheology measurements.The relative density of the composite was about 98%after hot-pressing at 1850°C(at 25 MPa in Ar for 30 min) .The hardness of the composites decreased with the increase in MWCNTs content.The flexural strength and the fracture toughness were 742.17 MPa and 4.63 MPa·m 1/2,respectively when the MWCNTs content was 0.25 wt%.Further increase in MWCNTs content to 0.50 wt%did not lead to the increase in mechanical properties.Most of MWCNTs were found to be located at SiC grain boundaries and the pull out of the MWCNTs was observed.     

Microstructure and texture evolution during warm compression of the magnesium alloy AZ31

The evolution of the microstructure and texture with strain during compression at 150℃of the magnesium alloy AZ31 has been investigated using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)technique.The initial samples were chosen to have a strong basal plane texture with the crystal c-axes perpendicular to the compression direction.The EBSD data provide evidence concerning the relative activity of both{10-12}extension twinning and slip,and suggest that non-basalc+a slip is important in samples deformed to a strain of more than 0.2.The relative contributions of the twinning and the slip during deformation have been discussed based on the results above.     

Inducing effect of Pb(Zr_(0.4)Ti_(0.6))O_3 thin film derived by different processes in BiFeO_3/Pb(Zr_(0.4)Ti_(0.6))O_3 multilayer capacitor at room temperature

BiFeO3/PZT multilayer capacitor was prepared on Pt(100) /Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrate.PZT buffer layer was derived by MOCVD method(label:PZT1) and sputtering method(label:PZT2) respectively.XRD analysis indicated that high(110) orientation of BFO in the BFO/PZT1 structure was achieved.SEM analysis indicated a better microstructure in the BFO/PZT1 structure compared with BFO/PZT2.The remnant polarization of the BFO/PZT1 was 82.5μC/cm2 at an applied voltage of 8 V,compared with that of 25.2μC/cm2 in the BFO/PZT 2 structure.The BFO/PZT1 multilayer exhibited little polarization fatigue(1.5%) upon 1×101 0switching cycles,at an applied voltage of 4 V.The leakage current density was about 2×10-7A/cm 2 at an applied voltage 4 V,in the BFO/PZT1 capacitor.All the results indicated that PZT can act as an inducing layer to the BFO and the MOCVD derived PZT has more inducing effect to the BFO thin film at room temperature.     

Novel wide band gap alloyed semiconductors,x(LiGaO_2)_(1/2)-(1-x)ZnO,and fabrication of their thin films

Oxide semiconductor alloys of x(LiGaO2) 1/2-(1-x) ZnO were fabricated by the solid state reaction betweenβ-LiGaO2 and ZnO and rf-magnetron sputtering.For the solid state reaction,the wurtzite-type single phases were obtained in the composition range of x≤0.38.The formation range of the alloys was wider than that of the(Mg1-xZnx) O system,because the β-LiGaO 2possesses a wurtzite-derived structure and approximately the same lattice constants with ZnO.The electrical resistivity and energy band gap of the 0.38(LiGaO2) 1/2-0.62ZnO alloyed ceramic were 0.45-cm and 3.7 eV,respectively,at room temperature.For the alloying by sputtering,the films consisting of the wurtzite-type single phase were obtained over the entire composition range of x(LiGaO2) 1/2-(1-x) ZnO.The energy band gap was controllable in the range from 3.3 to 5.6 eV.For the as-deposited film fabricated using the 0.4(LiGaO2) 1/2-0.6ZnO alloyed ceramic target,the energy band gap was 3.74 eV,and the electrical resistivity,carrier density and the Hall mobility at room temperature were 3.6-cm,3.4×1017 cm-3and 5.6 cm 2 V-1s-1,respectively.     

Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions of cubic strongly nonlinear autonomous oscillators by hyperbolic Lindstedt-Poincaré method

The hyperbolic Lindstedt-Poincaré method is applied to determine the homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions of cubic strongly nonlinear oscillators of the form  + c_1 x + c_3 x~3 =ε f ( μ, x, ).In the method, the hyperbolic functions are employed instead of the periodic functions in the Lindstedt-Poincaré procedure. Critical value of parameter μ under which there exists homoclinic or heteroclinic orbit can be determined by the perturbation procedure. Typical applications are studied in detail. To illustrat...     

Superplasticity of Mg-5.8Zn-1Y-Zr alloy sheet fabricated by combination of extrusion and hot-rolling processes

Superplastic behaviors of quasicrystal phase containing Mg-5.8Zn-1Y-0.48Zr alloy sheets fabricated by combination of extrusion and hot-rolling processes have been investigated at temperature ranging from 623 to 753 K and at the strain rates ranging from 10 -4 to 10 -2 s -1 by uniaxial tensile tests.An excellent superplasticity with the maximum elongation to failure of 1020%was obtained at 753 K and the strain rate of 1.04×10-3s -1and its strain rate sensitivity,m,is as high as up to 0.75. The microstructure was stable during superplastic deformation due to the uniformly distributed fine quasicrystal particles. In addition,micro-cavities and their coalescences were observed in the superplastic deformation of the ZW61 magnesium alloy.Grain boundary sliding(GBS)was considered to be the main deformation mechanism during the superplastic deformation.Dislocation creep controlled by atom diffusion through grain boundaries or interior grains is suggested mainly to accommodate the GBS in superplastic deformation.     

Performance of an activated carbon made from waste palm shell in simultaneous adsorption of SO_x and NO_x of flue gas at low temperature

This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SOx(SO2)and NOx(NO-NO2)on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell.The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures(100 300°C).For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation,SOx showed good adsorption whereas NOx was very much poor.In the simultaneous adsorption of SOx and NOx,SOx showed greater adsorption affinity than NOx.For palm shell activated carbon(PSAC)impregnated with metal catalyst(Ni and Ce)the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SOx adsorbed decreased regularly,while the amount of the adsorbed NOx increased irregularly.The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET,SEM and EDX.These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SOx and NOx simultaneously.     

Anisotropic plastic deformation behavior of as-extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy at room temperature

The anisotropic plastic deformation behavior of as-extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy at room temperature(RT)was investigated by compressive and tensile testing in different directions,i.e.the loading axis oriented at 0°,45°and 90°to the extrusion direction.The relationship between texture and plastic deformation behavior were examined.The results show that the extruded ZK60 alloy exhibits a strong ring fiber texture.The mechanical properties are strongly orientation dependent.In tension testing,the 0°specimen exhibited higher yield strength and lower elongation.In compression testing,however,ZK60 alloy exhibited almost the same yield strength in three directions.The anisotropic plastic deformation behavior is due to strong fiber texture and the lower symmetry of the hexagonal close packed(hcp)structure of ZK60 alloy. The correlation between texture and mechanical behaviour offers the possibility to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy by optimization of the material production process.     

Straight SiO_x nanorod Y junctions

Novel straight silicon oxideSiOx(1x2) nanorod Y junctions have been synthesized on Si plate by thermal evaporation of mixed powders of silica and carbon nanofibers at 1300°C and condensation on a Si substrate without assistance of any catalyst.The synthesized samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,high resolution transmission electron microscopy,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The results suggested that the straight nanorod Y junctions are amorphous and consist only of elements Si and O,and these rods with diameters about 50-200 nm have a neat smooth surface.The growth of such silicon oxide nanorods may be a result of the second nucleation on the surface of rods causing a change in the growth direction of silicon oxide nanorods developed.     

Sorption of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by konjac glucomannan beads

Konjac glucomannan beads have been investigated as metal biosorbent for Pb(Ⅱ)from aqueous solutions.The effect of contact time,solution pH,initial metal concentration,and desorption were studied in batch experiments at 20°C±2°C. Maximum mental sorption was found to occur at initial pH 4.0-5.5.Kinetic studies revealed that the initial uptake was rapid and equilibrium was established in 3 h and that the data followed the prseudo-second order reaction.The equilibrium sorption data at initial pH 4.0 were descri...     

Effects of Ti,Al and Hf on niobium silcides formation in the Nb-Si in situ composites

The effects of alloying elements Ti,Al and Hf on niobium silicides formation in the Nb-Si in situ composites have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) ,X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) .The binary,ternary and multicomponent alloys have been fabricated by vacuum non-consumable arc melting method.The results show that Ti tends to stabilize Nb3Si phase,while Al promotes the direct formation ofβ-Nb5Si3 phase with a tetrahedral D8m structure.Exceptionally,it seems that Hf is beneficial to the formation ofγ-Nb5Si3 phase with a hexangular D88 structure.For the multicomponent Nb-Si in situ composites,the cooperative effects of different elements on niobium silicides formation basically maintain the character of ternary system.     

Optimization of the process for preparing Al-doped ZnO thin films by sol-gel method

Transparent and conducting Al-doped ZnO thin films with c-axis-preferred orientation were prepared on glass substrate via sol-gel route.The physical and chemical changes during thermal treatment were analyzed by TG-DSC spectra and the crystallization quality was characterized by XRD patterns.The optimized preheating and post-heating temperatures were determined at～420°C and～530°C,respectively.From thermodynamic and kinetics views,we investigated the mechanism of orientation growth with(002) plane parallel to the substrates.The surface morphologies of the films,post-heated at 420°C,450°C,530°C and 550°C,respectively,were observed by SEM micrographs.The film post-heated at 530°C shows a homogenous dense microstructure and exhibits the minimum sheet resistance of 140Ω/Sq.The visible optical transmittance of all the films is beyond 90%.In addition,the annealing treatment in vacuum can contribute greatly to the electrical conductivity.     

Understanding of the influence of process parameters on the heat transfer behavior at the metal/die interface in high pressure die casting process

The current paper focuses on the influence of the process parameters on the peak values of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient(IHTC)at metal/die interface during high pressure die casting(HPDC)process.A"step shape"casting and AM50 alloy were used during the experiment.The IHTC was determined by solving the inverse thermal problem based on the measured temperature inside the die.Results show that the initial die surface temperature(IDST,TDI)has a dominant influence while the casting pressure and fast shot velocity have a secondary influence on the IHTC peak values.By curve fitting,it was found that the IHTC peak value(hmax)changes as a function of the IDST in a manner of hmax=e αTγ DI .Such relationship between the IHTC peak value and the IDST can also be found when the casting alloy is ADC12,indicating that this phenomenon is a common characteristic in the HPDC process.     

Comparison of short period InAs/GaSb superlattices on GaSb and GaAs substrates

Type Ⅱ superlattices(SLs) short period InAs(4ML)/GaSb(8ML) were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on lattice-mismatched GaAs substrates and on GaSb substrates.A smooth GaSb epilayer was formed on GaAs substrates by inserting mulit-buffer layers including an interfacial misfit mode AlSb quantum dot layer and AlSb/GaSb superlattices smooth layer.SLs grown on GaAs substrates(GaAs-based SLs) showed well-resolved satellite peaks in XRD.GaSb-based SLs with better structural quality and smoother surface showed strong photoluminescence at 2.55μm with a full width at half maximum(FWHM) of 20 meV,narrower than 31 meV of GaAs-based SLs.Inferior optical absorption of GaAs-based SL was observed in the range of 2-3μm. Photoresponse of GaSb-based SLs showed the cut-off wavelength at 2.6μm.     

Phase reaction of Au/Sn solder bonding for GaN-based vertical structure light emitting diodes

Au/Sn solder bonding on Si substrates was used to fabricate the GaN-based vertical structure light emitting diodes (VSLEDs). The phase reaction of Au/Sn solder under different bonding conditions was investigated by the measurement of electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD), and the characteristics of VSLED were analyzed by scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), Raman scattering, current-voltage (I-V) and light output-current (L-I) curves. After the bonding process, horizontal stripes of Au/Sn phase (δ phas...