Left-handed DNA in restriction fragments and a recombinant plasmid

Circular dichroism and 31P-NMR on synthetic oligomers of (dC-dG) inserted within DNA restriction fragments indicate that the right-handed B-structure can exist in close proximity to the left-handed Z-structure. Also, this salt-induced transition to Z-form in a small (dC-dG) segment (1.3%) of a recombinant plasmid markedly influenced the supercoil of the plasmid. These observations have implications for the postulated role of naturally occurring related simple sequences in the regulation of gene activity.     

X-ray diffraction from the side-by-side model of DNA

An intriguing topological problem posed by the double-helical Watson-Crick model of DNA is that of unwinding the intertwined strands during replication. Several workers have recently proposed novel side-by-side (SBS) structures for DNA. In all these models the two strands are joined by complementary Watson-Crick base pairs and the antiparallel polynucleotide strands alternate between short segments of right- and left-handed helix, thus both reducing the amount of intertwining and alleviating the unwinding problem. We show here that there are unacceptable discrepancies between the observed diffraction pattern of B-DNA and that calculated for the original SBS structure. We also describe a simple modification of this model which resolves some of the more serious discrepancies. However, the agreement is still markedly inferior to that obtained for a Watson-Crick model of DNA.     

用惠更斯作图法研究左手材料的负折射现象

针对理解电磁波在左手材料中的传播特性,在详细分析了该介质中电磁波波矢量k的方向、大小和坡印廷矢量s之间关系的基础之上,根据电磁场理论探讨了电磁波在右手、左手材料分界面上的反射和折射(各介质都是各向同性的)现象。并运用惠更斯作图法解释了电磁波由右手材料穿越左手材料时的负折射现象。指出发生负折射现象的根本原因是由于电磁波在左手材料中传播时其波矢量与坡印廷矢量的方向相反。     

2-(4-吡啶基)咪唑二羧酸锌配位聚合物的自发拆分

非手性配体2-(4-吡啶基)-4,5-咪唑二羧酸（H2L）与硝酸锌进行水热反应得到组成为[ZnL]n?2nH2O的自发拆分的2种三维金属-有机框架手性晶体，空间群分别为P41212和P43212，其中配位多面体分别为和型Zn(NO)2N三角双锥结构. 两种晶体分别存在着约0. 2 nm宽的不同手性的超微四方孔道，容纳的结晶水分子通过氢键分别形成右手和左手螺旋. 320 ℃以下主体框架保持稳定. 晶体在440 nm左右的荧光发射相比配体增强2倍以上. 该研究对于由非手性原料合成手性多空材料的进一步研究具有积极意义.     

含负折射率介质的光子晶体量子阱的透射谱特性研究

构建具有双量子阱结构的一维光子晶体(AB)m(CD)n(AB)m(CD)n(AB)m的物理模型[(AB)5(CD)n]2(AB)5,考虑介质为正折射材料或负折射材料情况,利用传输矩阵法对不同的n取值及C、D材料进行色散关系和透射能带谱的数值计算与分析,揭示光子遂穿多量子阱结构时谱线条数及其分裂的规律性.结果表明,当重复...     

基于渔网结构的人工电磁材料结构参数研究

提出了一种基于渔网结构的新型低损耗改进型渔网结构左手材料,研究了其传输特性和材料有效电磁参数,计算表明其具有较宽的负折射带宽和左手带宽(介电常数和磁导率同时为负),同时数值研究了提出的结构的几何参数变化对材料电磁参数的影响.结果表明在结构参数相当大范围内保持了材料的左手物理特性.     

Is there left-handed DNA at the ends of yeast chromosomes?

Tracts of the alternating copolymer poly(dGdT . dCdA) have been observed in a variety of eukaryotes. Such tracts are of particular interest since homopolymers of this sequence can exist in vitro as left-handed Z form DNA. We have found that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least 30 poly(GT) tracts at dispersed genomic locations. We show here that one subset of these tracts is located at the ends (telomeres) of the yeast chromosome. In addition, we show that poly(dGdT . dCdA) tracts are added to the ends of the extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA molecules of Tetrahymena when cloned in yeast. These data represent the first reported association between a homopolymeric sequence and a chromosome structure.     

左手材料和负折射

就上世纪60年代关于其理论预言开始,着重介绍了左手材料和负折射现象的基本原理及主要应用,并结合近几年的研究成果,指出在结构设计和理论完善等方面仍需进一步研究．     

左手材料的性质及研究动态

左手材料(也被称为负折射率材料)最早由前苏联科学家Veselago在20世纪60年代从理论上提出来的,是一种具有介电常数和磁导率同时为负值的材料,它具有诸如负相位速度,负折射率,理想成像,逆Doppler频移及反常的Cerenkon辐射等多种奇异的物理现象。本文主要论述左手材料的性质并分析左手材料全新应用前景,简要介绍左手材料近年来的研究动态及发展前景。     

Theoretical investigation of negative refraction in metallic and ferromagnetic composites

A new design of LHM (left handed material) is suggested, in which the wave vector k and the energy flow S (the Poyming veclor) are in the opposite direction. Metallic cores or lines are coated with ferromagnetic layers to obtain negative permittivity and permeability. This design may bring some improvements over the binary design, such as higher homogeneity, smaller volume size, lower power loss, higher convenience and economy. The analytical expressions for the permiltivily s and permeability μ are shown to be negative in certain direction and frequency regions. Two specific structures are theoretically discussed and proved to be left-handed.     

具有谐振特性的双通带左手材料的设计

通过对谐振型左手材料的理论分析,提出了一种新型双通带左手材料的单元结构.该结构由E型和双谐振环形构成的谐振器与金属线组合而成,其中谐振器实现负磁导率,金属线实现负介电常数.利用电磁仿真软件,分析该材料单元结构的谐振特性,提取该结构的折射率、波阻抗以及介电常数、磁导率.仿真结果表明:该结构在其工作频段内存在2个通带,并且在这2个通带内该结构都具有左手特性.     

电磁波在填充非线性左手介质平板波导中的传播

对填充非线性左手介质理想导体平板波导中横电波(TE波)进行了理论分析,得到其电磁场分布和色散方程.通过数值计算,给出了部分TE波低次模的色散关系曲线.结果表明,当电磁波频率为4～6GHz时,介质的电容率和磁导率都为负;电磁波在此种波导中的各次模的色散程度随电磁波频率的增大而近似线性增大;在板间距离相同时,低次模的色散比高次模的色散大;随着板间距离的增大,电磁波在波导中的相速度线性增大;当电磁波的频率一定时,波导的色散程度随波导两板间距离增大而线性增大.     

生长条件对黄瓜线粒体类质粒稳定性的影响

“津新密刺”等一些黄瓜品种的线粒体中存在主基因组以外的3种环形DNA类质粒pC1、pC2和pC3。改变植株生长的温度、pH或以蔗糖溶液代替无菌水培养黄瓜植株，电泳均能检测到上述3种类质粒。应用ImageMaster VDS系统对各类质粒电泳带的密度进行扫描，通过计算3种类质粒的相对拷贝数及类质粒之间的拷贝数比值，分析不同生长条件对黄瓜类质粒稳定性的影响。结果表明，上述3种培养条件均对黄瓜线粒体类质粒的拷贝数有影响，其影响的程度因类质粒而异，pC3与pC1和pC2相比对环境改变更敏感，提示类质粒间的这种差异可能是类质粒复制方式不同引起的。     

基于铁磁介质的左手材料

 超材料是近十几年来国际研究的热点,其中介电常数和磁导率同时为负数的左手材料是最典型一类代表,具有反向波、负折射系数等反常物理特性。左手材料虽然物理本质是等效连续介质,但实际上都是各种人工金属结构,物理特性决定于结构参数而非组成材料的特性。直接利用功能材料的本征物理特性产生负电磁参数进而获得左手特性,可以大大丰富左手材料的物理特性,并且将其跳出超材料设计的范畴,是左手材料领域中的特色研究领域。其中,基于铁磁介质的左手材料近年来已有较多研究。本文对基于铁磁介质的左手材料的研究进展做一综述。     

Sporothriolide电子圆二色谱的理论计算及其绝对构型的确定

Sporothriolide(6-己基-3-亚甲基四氢呋喃[3,4-b]呋喃-2,4-酮)最早是从Sporothrix sp.(孢子丝菌)中发现的一种抗真菌化合物。经核磁共振谱图解析,发现它是一个聚酮化合物;其化学结构中含有3个手性碳中心;并具有两种相对构型,即(3a S,6R,6aR)和(3aR,6S,6a S)。为了确定绝对构型,采用含时密度泛函方法,在MPW1LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上计算了电子圆二色谱。通过与实测谱图的比对,其绝对构型被确定为(3a S,6R,6aR)。五元环的左手构象和右手构象产生了镜像对称的电子圆二色谱,表明五元环的构象翻转对其圆二色谱具有重要影响。此外,溶剂甲醇与sporothriolide之间的分子间氢键导致了低于14.1 nm的Cotton效应偏移,及低于75 cgs的峰强度的增强,说明溶剂化效应对sporothriolide的圆二色谱影响不大。     

Thermodynamics of the B-Z transition in superhelical DNA

One of the most exciting events in recent years in molecular biology was the discovery of the left-handed Z form of the DNA double helix. Originally found in linear self-complementary d(GC)x . d(GC)x polymers and oligomers in non-physiological conditions (a rather high salt concentration), it was recently shown to be easily enough adopted in physiological conditions when purine-pyrimidine sequences are inserted into superhelical DNA. From such a system, superhelical DNA carrying an artificial purine-pyrimidine insert, we can obtain data allowing the determination of the energy of the junction between the B and Z stretches, Fj, and the free energy change delta FBZ per base pair (bp). We present here a simple thermodynamic consideration of the B-Z transition in such a system. By applying the results to experimental data we have shown that the thermodynamic parameters for both sequences studied so far (d(GC)x . d(GC)x and d(GT)x . d(AC)x) are similar and equal to Fj = 4-5 kcal per mol per junction and delta FBZ = 0.5 divided by 0.7 kcal per mol per bp.     

复合左/右手传输线的电磁特性及其潜在应用

复合左/右手传输线是右手材料和左手材料复合而成的新型传输线,它较一般传输线可以在不同的频率范围内表现出不同的电磁特性.当等效介电常数和等效磁导率同时为负值时表现出"左手特性",而在其它频率范围内表现出"右手特性",同时,复合左/右手传输线还可以进行相位调整.分析了复合左/右手传输线的电磁特性,并指出复合传输线的潜在应用.     

太赫兹波段树枝状三维各向同性左手材料设计及特性研究

基于微波段二维树枝状左手材料的设计思想,设计了太赫兹波段的三维各向同性左手材料结构单元模型.采用金属Drude模型,运用等效媒质理论,仿真模拟了结构单元的电磁响应特性,计算了结构单元的有关电磁参数,分析了其缺陷效应和吸波特性.结果表明折射率在太赫兹波段1.17¹.38 THz之间为负值,并通过模拟负折射验证了其左手特性;在缺陷严重情况下,其左手特性将消失;通过对模型进行改进,在1.47 THz处出现了一个吸收峰,吸收率高达98%.该模型结构简单,研究结果为采用自上而下的方法制备三维太赫兹波段左手材料指出了途径.