棉花类耐盐锌指蛋白基因的克隆与结构分析

从棉花花瓣cDNA文库中随机挑选部分克隆，经测序发现一个与拟南芥耐盐锌指蛋白基因同源的cDNA(CSTZ),CSTZ序列全长1012bp，开放阅读框共编码272个氨基酸，含典型的植物双锌指（Cys2/His2)结构区，Northern杂交证实，CSTZ的表达随棉花幼苗钠盐处理浓度的升高而增强，在棉花花龄期，CSTZ基因在叶片，根，花瓣和花药组织中大量表达，在柱头组织中表达相对较弱。     

人参亲环素基因表达载体构建及其在拟南芥中的抗盐活性分析

摘 要 为研究人参亲还素基因的抗盐活性,为该基因在人参抗逆育种方面的应用提供参考,通过植物转基因技术和外施不同浓度NaCl的方法获得阳性拟南芥植株,研究了不同植株类型不同盐浓度下的种子萌发率、植株生存率、植株主根长、植株分支数等相关指标。结果表明：在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥种子萌发率高于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株生存率显著高于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株主根长大于野生型拟南芥;在盐胁迫作用下转基因拟南芥植株分支数与野生型拟南芥植株分支数没有明显差异。可见人参亲还素基因提高了转基因拟南芥抵御高盐胁迫的能力。     

F-box基因FOF2在拟南芥盐和冷胁迫响应中的功能分析

FOF2为F-box蛋白家族成员,其生物学功能尚不清楚.采用实时荧光定量PCR和生理学实验相结合的方法,对FOF2基因的表达模式及其在拟南芥抗盐和冷胁迫响应中的作用进行了分析.研究发现,FOF2在拟南芥根、茎生叶和果荚中表达较高,并且其表达受盐和冷胁迫诱导.FOF2过表达株系对盐胁迫敏感,与野生型相比种子萌发率低、幼苗主根较短;相反,fof2突变体对盐胁迫的敏感性则减弱.FOF2过表达和缺失突变体种子萌发对冷胁迫无响应,但其主根在冷处理中分别比野生型短或者长.盐处理下,FOF2过表达株系中盐胁迫反应相关基因的表达量显著降低,fof2突变体中则升高;冷处理下,FOF2过表达株系中冷胁迫反应相关基因的表达量显著升高,fof2突变体中则降低.结果表明,FOF2在植物抗盐胁迫响应中起负调控作用,在抗冷胁迫响应中则可能起正调控作用.     

Identification of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis by cDNA array

The plant hormone auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. But the mechanism of its action is quite unclear. In order to identify and analyze the expression of auxin responsive genes, a cDNA array approach was used to screen for genes with altered expression from Arabidopsis suspension culture after IAA treatment and was identified 50 differentially expressed genes from 13824 cDNA clones. These genes were related to signal transduction, stress responses, senescence, photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis and transportation. The results provide the molecular evidence that auxin influences a variety of physiological processes and pave a way for further investigation of the mechanism of auxin action. Furthermore,we found that the expression of a ClpC (regulation subunit of Clp protease) was repressed by exogenous auxin, but increased in dark-induced senescing leaves. This suggests that ClpC may be a senescence-associated gene and can be regulated by auxin.     

Characterization of Arabidopsis calreticulin mutants in response to calcium and salinity stresses

As an important calcium-binding protein,calreticulin plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plants.Here,we identified three loss-of-function mutants ofcalreticulin genes in Arabidopsis to demonstrate the function of calreticulin in response to calcium and salinity stresses.There are three genes encoding calreticulin in Arabidopsis,and they are named AtCRT1,2,and 3,respectively.We found that both single mutant of crt3 and double mutant of crtl crt2 were more sensitive to low calcium environment than wild-type Arabidopsis.Moreover,crt3 mutant showed more sensitivity to salt treatment at germination stage,but tolerance to salt stress at later stage compared with wild-type plant.However,there was no obvious growth difference in the mutant crt1 and crt2 compared with wild-type Arabidopsis under calcium and salt stresses.These results suggest that calreticulin functions in plant responses to calcium and salt stresses.     

小盐芥(Thellungiella salsuginea)CBF1基因的克隆

CBFs （ CRT/DRE-binding factor ）是结合DNA顺式元件CCGAC的转录因子．拟南芥中CBFs由一个小的基因家族编码,包括3个成员：CBF1、CBF2和CBF3,它们在植物抗逆性调控中起重要作用．为了获得高度耐盐耐旱的转基因植物,我们以盐生植物小盐芥为材料,依据拟南芥中CBF1的序列信息设计引物,扩增出小盐芥中CBF1的部分序列,然后使用SMART^TM RACE等方法,从小盐芥中克隆到全长的CBF1 cDNA序列,进而重组到植物表达载体中,为植物抗逆基因工程提供了有用基因．     

细胞自噬在植物应答盐胁迫中的作用研究

本研究以模式植物拟南芥为材料,利用生理学和遗传学手段分析了盐胁迫下细胞自噬基因和活性氧(ROS)变化的相关性.结果表明野生型拟南芥Col-0在遭受盐胁迫处理3d表现了叶片漂白的症状并且会诱导ROS的产生和积累了大量的细胞死亡.荧光定量PCR实验表明盐胁迫会诱导细胞自噬相关基因的表达,细胞自噬参与了调控植物的防御机制来响应盐胁迫.进一步的实验表明拟南芥细胞自噬突变体atg2和atg5在遭受盐胁迫处理3d表现了更加严重的叶片漂白症状并且积累大量的细胞死亡和ROS.初步表明细胞自噬主要是通过调控ROS的产生来应答盐胁迫.     

拟南芥中参与盐胁迫应答的基因 At1g14260的功能初探

拟南芥中未知基因At1g14260的表达受到多种非生物胁迫的诱导, 特别是在NaCl的诱导下, At1g14260的表达量明显增加. 对T DNA插入突变体at1g14260(salk 118406)的分析表明, 敲除了基因At1g14260的拟南芥相比野生型对盐胁迫更加敏感. 此外, 构建了融合表达载体PBi221 At1g14260 GFP并且成功转入拟南芥原生质体中, 在荧光显微镜下观察到融合蛋白定位于原生质体细胞核中. 因此, At1g14260可能参与了拟南芥中盐胁迫的过程.     

Molecular characterization of GmNHX2, a Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog from soybean,and its heterolosous expression to improve salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

Na＋/H＋ antiporters have been well documented to enhance plant salt tolerance by regulating cellular ion homeostasis. Here, a putative Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog GmNHX2 from soybean was cloned and predicted to encode a protein of 534 amino acids with 10 putative transmembrane domains. GmNHX2 was expressed in all soybean plant tissues but enriched in roots and its expression was induced by NaCI and polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatments. GmNHX2 exhibits greater sequence similarity with LeNHX2 and AtNHX6 than that of AtNHX1 and AtSOS1. Although phylogenetic analysis clustered GmNHX2 with organellar （tonoplast and vesicles） antiporters, the GmNHX2-EGFP （enhanced green fluorescent protein） fusion protein was possibly localized in the plasma membrane or organelle membrane of transgenic plant cells, Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GmNHX2 were more tolerant to high NaCl concentrations during germination and seedling stages when compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that GmNHX2 is a membrane Na＋/H＋ antiporter and may function to regulate ion homeostasis under salt stress.     

Characterization of Arabidopsis calreticulin mutants in response to calcium and salinity stresses

As an important calcium-binding protein, calreticulin plays an important role in regulating calcium homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum （ER） of plants. Here, we identified three loss-of-function mutants of calreticulin genes in Arabidopsis to demonstrate the function of calreticulin in response to calcium and salinity stresses. There are three genes encoding calreticulin in Arabidopsis, and they are named AtCRT1, 2, and 3, respectively. We found that both single mutant of crt3 and double mutant of crtl crt2 were more sensitive to low calcium environment than wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, crt3 mutant showed more sensitivity to salt treatment at germination stage, but tolerance to salt stress at later stage compared with wild-type plant. However, there was no obvious growth difference in the mutant crtl and crt2 compared with wild-type Arabidopsis under calcium and salt stresses. These results suggest that calreticulin functions in plant responses to calcium and salt stresses.     

拟南芥转录因子CBF1基因杂交狼尾草的转化

CBF1转录激活因子是一类存在于拟南芥中受低温诱导的反式作用因子,能有效提高植物抗低温、抗干旱的能力.因此以拟南芥叶片为材料,通过PCR方法成功地克隆CBF1转录因子基因,并将其连接到植物表达载体pBI121上,通过农杆菌介导法转化杂交狼尾草叶片,成功获得转基因再生植株.     

Characterization of a calmodulin binding protein kinase from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thalian</Emphasis>

A full-length calmodulin binding protein kinase cDNA ,AtCBK1 ,from Arabidopsis has been isolated by screening of an Arabidopsis cDNA library and by 5′-RACE-Northern blot and in situ hybridization indicated that the expression of AtCBK1 was more abundant in the vascular bundles and the meristems than in other tissues,The phylogenetic analyses revenl that AtCBK1 is different from animal CaMKs and it falls into CRK subgroup,indicating that they may come from different ancestors,The result suggests that AtCBK1 encoldes a CaM-binding serine/threonine protein kinase.     

Isolation and ectopic expression of a bamboo MADS-box gene

A cDNA named DIMADS18 was isolated from the young spikelets of the sweet bamboo, Dendrocalamus latiflorus by RACE. DNA sequence analysis showed that DIMADS18 was composed of full ORF and 3UTR, but without 5UTR. The cDNA contained 1039 nucleotides and encoded a putative protein of 249 amino acid residues. The gene displayed the structure of a typical plant MADS box gene, which consisted of an MADS domain, K domain, a short I region, and the C-terminal region. Phylogenetic analysis of plant MADS box genes based on amino acid sequences revealed that DlMADS18 was grouped into the AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6)-like subfamily. It was most likely homologous to the OsMADS6 of rice (Oryza sativa), with 88% sequence identity for the entire amino acid sequences. The DlMADS18 also showed relatively high amino acid sequence identity (59%) to AGL6 ofArabidopsis thaliana. To study the functions of DlMADS18, DlMADS18 cDNA clone driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was transformed into Arabidopsis plants. Transgenic plants of DlMADS18 exhibited the phenotypes of curled leaves, dwarfism, and early flowering with clustered terminal flowers. These results indicated that DlMADS18 may probably be involved in controlling the flowering time of D.latiflorus.     

AtGT-3b基因克隆及原核表达与纯化

GT-3b转录因子是一个受NaCl和病原体诱导表达的GT-1-like转录因子,它能与GT-1 cis-element( GAAAAA)相互作用,促进下游基因的表达,在植物耐盐中起着重要的调节作用.通过分离了拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)AtGT-3b基因,克隆到原核表达载体pCold TF中,并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21中进行融合表达;通过纯化得到AtGT-3b融合蛋白,以期用于研究其与GT-1顺式作用元件在体外的相互作用.     

NaCl对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)生长与渗透调节的影响

对与拟南芥耐盐性相关的某些生理指标进行了研究。结果发现,随着盐浓度的增加,拟南芥的质膜透性增加,MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、有机酸含量、游离氨基酸含量、根冠比、钠离子含量均增加,而渗透势、钾离子含量、干鲜重、含水量则下降。这表明,随着盐胁迫的加重,一方面拟南芥受到的伤害加重,另一方面植株通过合成脯氨酸、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质,增大根冠比以提高吸水能力等抗逆机制,以应对胁迫,提高耐盐性。     

拟南芥AtSuc3和AtSuc4基因的克隆及双价植物表达载体的构建

蔗糖转运蛋白在调节同化产物的分配过程中起重要作用。为了分析拟南芥蔗糖转运蛋白基因AtSuc3、At-Suc4的功能和协同作用,以哥伦比亚型拟南芥为材料,通过RT-PCR技术克隆了蔗糖转运蛋白基因(sucrose/H+cotransporters,SUCs)AtSuc3和AtSuc4的cDNA,利用甘薯贮藏蛋白基因(sporamin)的根部特异性启动子,构建了含有含有AtSuc3和AtSuc4 cDNA的单价植物表达载体pBI2301-q3-s3、pBI2301-q4-s4和双价植物表达载体pBI2301-q3-s3-q4-s4,为进一步分析该植物表达载体在调控库源关系中的作用以及在经济作物中的应用奠定基础。     

Monitoring gene expression by cDNA array

A new method designated cDNA array was developed by hybridization of quantitatively arrayed DNA samples isolated randomly from a cDNA library with probes reverse-transcribed from mRNAs of different sources or treatments. The gene expression patterns of 1 000 randomly chosen clones from an Arabidopsis library were analyzed with green seedlings versus suspension cells and seedlings irradiated under UV light. Northern blot and sequence analysis of some differentially expressed clones confirmed the results revealed by cDNA array, indicating that this method is efficient and reliable to monitor gene expression.