Identification and function analysis of spectrin-like protein in pollen tubes of lily （Lilium davidii Duch）

The elongation of pollen tube is an important process of sexual reproduction in higher plant. Cytoskeleton plays a major regulatory role in the elongation of pollen tubes. But whether membrane skeleton is involved in the pollen tube elongation is not clear. In this study, immunochemical detection of spectrin-like protein has been carried out in pollen tubes. By use of 2-dimensional electrophoresis(2DE) and western blotting, two spectrin-like proteins are found, one is 150 kD, and the other is 105 kD, with pl being 4.54 and 4.39, respectively. 150 kD spectrin-like protein is located in plasma membrane of pollen tube and 105 kD spectrin-like protein is located in cytoplasm, probably functioning as a subunit to form a dimmer (210 kD) in vivo. The elongation of pollen tubes is inhibited after spectrin antibody was injected into a growing pollen tube. These results suggest that spectrin-like proteins exist in pollen tube and play an important regulating role in the elongation process of pollen tubes from lily.     

不同授粉方式对祝光苹果受精过程的影响

祝光苹果自花授粉后2小时,花粉粒在柱头上萌发。授粉当日和次日,花粉管在花柱中生长。授粉后第三日,花粉管停止生长,最长花粉管平均长至花柱全长的26％。此时,花粉管先端明显膨大。而后,未见到有抵达花柱基部的花粉管,也未见到受精过程的发生。 异花授粉后4—6小时,大量花粉粒在柱头上萌发。授粉后1—2日,花粉管径直向花柱基部生长。授粉后50小时,花粉管穿过花柱基部,进入子室内。授粉后3—4日,观察到进入胚囊的花粉管将内含物释放到一个已退化的助细胞中。授粉后5—6日,观察到双受精过程。     

矮慈姑人工授粉后花粉管生长的荧光显微观察

用荧光显微术观察了矮慈姑人工授粉后雌蕊上花粉粒萌发及花粉管的生长过程与途径,结果表明：该种在授粉０．５ｈ后花粉粒全部萌发出花粉管,花粉管在授粉２ｈ后部分到达子房,４ｈ仙进入胚珠;花粉管在雌蕊之向心一侧的组织中行进,至子房基部后部分花部管转向胚珠,由珠孔进入珠心。     

慈姑雌花在自然居群中的受粉过程--花粉粒落置、萌芽及花粉管生长的荧光显微观察

用荧光显微术观察了慈姑（Ｓａｇｉｔｔａｒｉａ ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｌｉｎｎ）不同时期的雌花柱头上花粉粒的落置、萌发及花粉管的生长过程与途径。结果表明：该种雌花开花２ｈ 柱头受粉率为０,开花４ｈ 和８ｈ受粉率分别为５３８％ 和９８３％ ,柱头上花粉萌发率达１００％ ;花粉管沿雌蕊之向心一侧的组织中穿行,至子房基部后部分花粉管转向胚珠,由珠孔进入珠心。本研究发现该种花粉管常穿过子房基部至花托组织,并可进入其他雌蕊中,作者认为这种行为可能对保证雌花的结实率有一定意义     

北美鹅掌楸和中国鹅掌楸种间杂交胚胎学

１．中国鹅掌楸花粉在北美鹅掌楸柱头上萌发良好，速度快且整齐。２．花粉管生长速度最早在８０ｈ进入胚囊，大多数在１２０ｈ以后。个别花粉管在花柱中顶端膨大、破裂，或行至珠孔发生扭曲现象。３．花粉管通过柱头沟和花柱道时生长快，通过珠孔塞和珠孔以及珠柄时生长缓慢。４．控制授粉后５ｄ左右发生双受精，合子休眠约２０ｄ左右，３０ｄ左右是球形胚，９０ｄ子叶胚形成；１４０ｄ胚分化完成，种子成熟。５．连续三年的结籽率调     

S-RNase uptake by compatible pollen tubes in gametophytic self-incompatibility

Many flowering plants avoid inbreeding through a genetic mechanism termed self-incompatibility. An extremely polymorphic S-locus controls the gametophytic self-incompatibility system that causes pollen rejection (that is, active arrest of pollen tube growth inside the style) when an S-allele carried by haploid pollen matches one of the S-alleles present in the diploid style. The only known product of the S-locus is an S-RNase expressed in the mature style. The pollen component to this cell-cell recognition system is unknown and current models propose that it either acts as a gatekeeper allowing only its cognate S-RNase to enter the pollen tube, or as an inhibitor of non-cognate S-RNases. In the latter case, all S-RNases are presumed to enter pollen tubes; thus, the two models make diametrically opposed predictions concerning the entry of S-RNases into compatible pollen. Here we use immunocytochemical labelling of pollen tubes growing in styles to show accumulation of an S-RNase in the cytoplasm of all pollen-tube haplotypes, thus providing experimental support for the inhibitor model.     

Identification of the pollen determinant of S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility

Many flowering plants have adopted self-incompatibility mechanisms to prevent inbreeding and promote out-crosses. In the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae, two separate genes at the highly polymorphic S-locus control self-incompatibility interactions: the S-RNase gene encodes the pistil determinant and the previously unidentified S-gene encodes the pollen determinant. S-RNases interact with pollen S-allele products to inhibit the growth of self-pollen tubes in the style. Pollen-expressed F-box genes showing allelic sequence polymorphism have recently been identified near to the S-RNase gene in members of the Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae; but until now have not been directly shown to encode the pollen determinant. Here we report the identification and characterization of PiSLF, an S-locus F-box gene of Petunia inflata (Solanaceae). We show that transformation of S1S1, S1S2 and S2S3 plants with the S2-allele of PiSLF causes breakdown of their pollen function in self-incompatibility. This breakdown of pollen function is consistent with 'competitive interaction', in which pollen carrying two different pollen S-alleles fails to function in self-incompatibility. We conclude that PiSLF encodes the pollen self-incompatibility determinant.     

植物糖基化磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白LORELEI家族研究进展

植物LORELEI （LRE）蛋白家族是植物糖基化磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白（GPI-AP）亚家族的一种,在拟南芥中有4个成员,分别为LRE,LRE-like GPI-AP 1（LLG1）,LLG2和LLG3。这些成员在植物体内的表达位置和功能不同。LRE主要在雌配子体的助细胞、卵细胞和中央细胞表达,在助细胞中表达量最高,另外在受精卵与胚乳中也有部分表达。LRE主要参与高等植物的双受精作用,介导花粉管接受并调控胚胎的早期发育。LLG1在植物各组织器官中都有表达,在营养器官（根和叶）中表达水平最高,主要调控植物生长发育（如根与根毛生长）、盐逆境应答,以及免疫应答过程。LLG2和LLG3主要在成熟花粉粒和花粉管中表达,调控花粉管生长与爆裂,释放精子完成双受精作用。该文综述了植物LRE家族成员组成、蛋白质特征,及其在植物生长发育与逆境应答过程中的作用。     

Biochemical characterization of the protein encoded by rice osRACD gene

A recombinant plasmid pET-racd was first constructed by cloning osRACD,the development-regulating gene that controls photoperiod fertility transformation in the photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice Nongken 58S,into a prokaryote expression vector pET28a(+).It was then transformed into E.Coli BL-21.Cutting with thrombin of the fusion protein extracted from transformants and PAGE separation yielded pure osRACD protein,which was further concentrated using ultrafiltration and renatured using glutathione oxidation/reduction refolding system for later functional study.As demonstrated by in vitro functional assay,the osRACD protein expressed in E.Coli B-21 shows remarkable activity in binding GTP specifically and hydrolyzing it.     

沙田柚花粉管在花柱中的生长途径及其识别

应用辣根过氧化物酶酶标ConA电镀细胞化学方法观察了沙田柚不同发育时期1／2花柱通道细胞的结构与功能,结果表明,四分体至双核期,是壁物质,胞间质和糖蛋白合成期,双核至开花期,通道细胞分化成熟,壁物质降解,角质层下腔形成并贮存胞间质,糖蛋白呈颗粒状定位于质膜与壁之间电子透明层中,授粉后1－3d,通道细胞逐步衰老,糖蛋白定位地纤维外壁,未见胞间隙形成,花粉管是从几个相邻通道细胞角隅处的角质层下腔和纤维外壁之间生长通过,自交花粉管因胼胝质在壁上添加而停止生长,花粉管生长道路决定于引导组织细胞壁的厚薄及角质层破裂时间,此外,讨论了纤维外壁上的糖蛋白对花粉管与花柱的识别作用。     

番红花花器官形态结构的观察与自交试验

番红花 (CrocussativusL .)花器官形态结构正常 ,成熟同步 .自花授粉结果表明 :尽管授粉时期与子房见光生长对花粉管伸长长度有一定影响 ,但花粉管形状出现畸形 ,最终不能进入花柱和子房 .     

不同类型小麦植株氮素同化、运转和分配比较分析

以河北省平原区大面积种植的4个不同类型品种为材料（包括强筋小麦藁8901、高产品种石4185、高蛋白品种河农341和耐旱高产品种河农859）,对不同类型小麦植株的氮素同化、运转和分配特征进行了研究。试验表明,4个类型相比,高蛋白品种阶段吸氮量和总吸氮量较多,但阶段吸收比例前期相对较低,开花后较高。而耐旱高产品种开花前吸收氮素较多,开花后吸收较少。各器官氮素含量、积累量和分配率,拔节期和开花期互有高低,成熟期以高产品种较高。耐旱高产品种开花前吸收的氮素向籽粒中输出量、输出率及输出氮素对籽粒的相对贡献显著较高,而高蛋白品种相对较低。高蛋白品种和强筋品种旗叶氮素对籽粒的贡献大于耐旱和普通高产品种。强筋小麦品种对氮素的运转和分配规律与高蛋白小麦类似,但其吸收积累量显著低于高蛋白品种。普通高产品种氮素吸收积累量显著较少,且营养器官中积累分配较多。建议在生产中对高蛋白品种增施氮肥,注意增加后期氮素追施比例,基肥、拔节肥、灌浆肥氮素分配比例为4∶4∶2,对于抗旱品种,重视前期施氮,尤其拔节期增加施氮比例,氮素分配比例--基肥∶拔节肥为4∶6,强筋品种和高产品种氮素分配比例--基肥∶拔节肥为5∶5。     

超声波提取沙田柚花粉管可溶性蛋白的初步研究

探讨了利用超声波破碎法提取花粉管可溶性蛋白．通过不同的功率、工作强度的组合,选出破碎效果较好的一组参数进行超声波法提取,经SDS—PAGE检测提取蛋白,结果表明：与常规研磨法相比,超声波提取法结果稳定、可靠性强、操作简便,大大缩短提取时间．     

IAA对黄瓜花粉管伸长及花粉内源cAMP含量的影响

研究不同浓度的ＩＡＡ对黄瓜花粉管伸长及内源ｃＡＭＰ含量的影响。结果表明：５ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ明显促进花粉管伸长，而１００ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ则完全抑制花粉萌发。     

温带地区4种园林灌木叶片的生长规律

以榆叶梅、紫丁香、黄刺梅和胡枝子4种常见园林灌木为研究对象,通过对其成株与幼株叶片的宽度和长度的大样本测量,分析了叶片的生长规律.结果表明,4种园林灌木的叶片生长规律均可由多种函数形式较好地表达出来,如果以相关性最好的拟合方程作为其定量刻画模型,紫丁香、黄刺梅、胡枝子成株和幼株及榆叶梅成株的叶片均呈异速生长规律,榆叶梅幼株叶片则呈同速生长规律.不同植物叶片生长规律及变化速率既有种间差异,也与生长期有关.     

组成型表达CsCOR1基因烟草的制备

将已克隆的一个被冷显著上调的基因CsCOR1整合到穿梭载体pBI121的CaMV35S启动子的下游,然后采用农杆菌介导法转化进烟草细胞,从而制得了转CsCOR1基因烟草植株,并筛选到组成型表达CsCOR1基因的烟草转化子,为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础.     

外来植物互花米草的物理控制实验研究

治理和控制外来物种互花米草对维护崇明东滩自然保护区生物多样性具有重要的意义和必要性.2005-2006年期间,本项研究在崇明东滩互花米草入侵区进行翻耕、人工碎根、割除和生物替代的物理控制实验,以期寻求控制互花米草的有效方法.结果表明,翻耕处理后第一个生长季末期,互花米草植株密度、盖度和地上生物量都显著低于对照,而不同翻耕深度处理之间无显著性差异;在第二年生长季,互花米草基本恢复到对照样地的水平,至生长季末期各处理与对照无显著性差异.碎根处理后的第一个生长季, 不同深度处理都显著抑制了互花米草的生长,其抑制作用随处理深度增加而提高;但经过两个生长季后,互花米草基本恢复到与对照相同的水平.在第一个生长季, 割除处理显著抑制了互花米草的生长;在第二个生长季末期,互花米草的生长得到一定恢复,只有6-9月割除处理显著降低了互花米草的生长.综合两个生长季末期互花米草生长调查结果,8月割除处理对互花米草生长的影响最大.生物替代处理实验中移栽的芦苇保持了较高的存活率, 在第一个生长季,芦苇存活率最大值出现在处理深度为40 cm的样地;在第二个生长季,移栽芦苇的平均成活率仍维持在53.7%,植株高度和结穗率也明显增加.上述结果表明,利用以上物理控制技术治理互花米草, 必须充分考虑物理防治的频度、强度和季节等因素,才能有效发挥其物理防治效果.     

Botany: a new self-pollination mechanism

Pollen grains from most flowering plants are transported by wind or animals and deposited on the receptive surface of the stigma of a different individual, but self-pollination is also common. We have discovered a new process for self-pollination in the laterally orientated flowers of a Chinese herb, in which a film of pollen is transported from the anther (pollen sacs) by an oily emulsion that slides sideways along the flower's style and into the individual's own stigma. This mode of self-pollination is a new addition to the broad range of genetic and morphological mechanisms that have evolved in flowering plants (angiosperms), and may be common in species growing in shady, windless and insect-poor habitats.     

6201铝合金管材半固态连续扩展成形实验研究

采用半固态连续扩展成形技术,成功地试制了扩展比为3 52的6201铝合金管材·对其微观组织和力学性能的变化及机理进行了研究·实验表明:出模温度超过510℃时,其组织发生完全再结晶;T6,TA状态半固态连续扩展成形管材的强度随着时效时间的增加呈明显的上升趋势,而延伸率则呈明显的下降趋势·扩展成形工艺的关键在于确保成形终了温度高于520℃,T6状态的管材抗拉强度为299MPa,延伸率为9 4%;TA状态的管材抗拉强度为258MPa,延伸率为12 4%;力学性能演化机理分析表明,采用合适的连续扩展成形工艺与时效处理工艺能保证获得拉伸强度和延伸率匹配最佳的6201母线管材·