Implementation of the finite deformation plastic theory-Tensor derivative and metal forging simulation

It has been shown that the traditional small deformation plasticity can be transplanted to the finite deformation plasticity by using the logarithmic strain measure only. In this way, the mathematical problem of how to find the derivative of a tensor function arises. In this paper, a general method for finding the derivative of a tensor function is proposed. Several metal forging examples are given.During the calculation, the mesh regeneration is not even invoked.     

正交各向异性弹塑性材料拉伸颈缩的数值模拟

介绍了在乘法分解的基础上对正交各向异性弹塑材料进行有限变形计算的一种有限元方法 ,利用该方法考虑不同各向异性状态对正交各向异性材料圆棒试样的拉伸大应变颈缩过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明 :( 1 )材料塑性性质若在不同取向有明显差异 ,沿不同材料轴向拉伸反映的材料力学性能会有非常大的差别。这种差别在载荷和不同方向的径向颈缩位移上远较在颈部截面面积变化上明显 ;( 2 ) Hill的正交各向异性塑性理论并没有考虑晶体材料在各个与材料主轴平面有较大夹角的滑移面上容易发生剪切变形 ,所以不一定适于晶体塑性材料。同时本文研究进一步证实了作者建议的正交各向异性弹塑性有限变形计算方法的合理性。     

非圆截面管辊弯成形过程的变形和应力场的FEM模拟

采用三维大变形弹塑性有限元法,考虑材料和几何双重非线性,基于Prandtl-Reuss流动规律和Mises屈服准则,对圆管的辊弯二次成形过程中金属的流动规律及其应力分布进行了模拟分析,分别得到非圆截面管辊弯成形过程中金属的流动规律及应力的信息．     

微尺寸单晶金属应变突变现象的随机有限元分析

微米尺寸单晶柱体的压缩实验发现,在其塑性变形过程中应变会发生突变,致使塑性流动呈现明显的间歇性. 通过随机有限元方法,分析了微米尺寸和块体镍单晶柱体在混合加载方式下的间歇性塑性流动行为. 同时,结合镍单晶柱体的实验数据以及基于经典晶体塑性理论的有限元方法,对近期新建立的理论模型进行了分析研究. 结果表明:新理论模型能够捕捉应变突变的发生;对于块体材料,新模型计算结果与常规晶体塑性有限元结果以及实验结果均比较吻合;当单晶柱体尺寸减小至几十μm左右时,新模型预测结果仍然能够与实验结果保持一致;微柱体的塑性流动是通过一系列的应变突变行为实现的.     

弹塑性本构方程的一般关系式

本文导出了比较普遍适用的弹塑性流动法则及本构方程,可以考虑应力应变模式的非线性性及其在弹性阶段和塑性阶段的非连续性;推出了正交流动法则成立的条件,并导出了塑性应变增量偏离正交方向的角度表达式以及判断变形处于硬化、软化还是理想塑性状态的计算关系式。     

介质变形引起地层孔渗变化条件下的试井分析

储层介质变形分为弹性变形、塑性变形和弹塑性变形 3种类型 .重点研究了介质塑性变形后地层孔隙度和渗透率变化条件下的不稳定渗流问题 .建立了孔隙度、渗透率指数变化规律的试井分析模型 ,通过有限元方法得到了井底压力随时间变化的双对数理论曲线 ,并对理论曲线的特征进行了分析 .通过实际井例分析 ,说明变孔渗试井模型具有较好的应用效果     

Effects of ultrasonic vibration on plastic deformation of AZ31 during the tensile process

An investigation on the plastic behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under ultrasonic vibration (with a frequency of 15 kHz and a maximum output of 2 kW) during the process of tension at room temperature was conducted to reveal the volume effect of the vibrated plastic deformation of AZ31. The characteristics of mechanical properties and microstructures of AZ31 under routine and vibrated tensile processes with different amplitudes were compared. It is found that ultrasonic vibration has a remarkable influence on the plastic behavior of AZ31 which can be summarized into two opposite aspects: the softening effect which reduces the flow resistance and improves the plasticity, and the hardening effect which decreases the formability. When a lower amplitude or vibration energy is applied to the tensile sample, the softening effect dominates, leading to a decrease of AZ31 deformation resistance with an increase of formability. Under the application of a high-vibrating amplitude, the hardening effect dominates, resulting in the decline of plasticity and brittle fracture of the samples.     

门式刚架受到质块撞击时弹塑性动态响应的近似分析

本文报道一种求解门式刚架在冲击载荷作用下动态弹塑性大变形响应的简便分析方法。考虑到精确测量接触力的困难知问题的一般性,将冲击物与结构看作一个整体系统。当响应处于弹性时系统比拟一“弹黄-质点”系;当刚架冲击点及二结点处出现全塑性截面时,认为塑性变形起主导作用,而将刚架的变形以一单自由度刚塑性模态的运动表示。最后应用弹性与塑性分离的思想,以即时速率计入应变率效应,获得了刚架跨中受到质块冲击时响应全过程的解析解。本文解答与实测曲线及SEP解答进行了比较,符合很好。     

Flow stress model considering the transformation-induced plasticity effect and the inelastic strain recovery behavior

On the basis of continuum mechanics and the Mori-Tanaka mean field theory, a micro-mechanical flow stress model that considered both the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect and the inelastic strain recovery behavior of TRIP multiphase steels was presented. The relation between the volume fraction of constituent phases and plastic strain was introduced to characterize the transformation-induced plasticity effect of TRIP steels. Loading-unloading-reloading uniaxial tension tests of TRIP600 steel were carried out and the strain recovery behavior after unloading was analyzed. From the experimental data, an empirical elastic modulus expression is extracted to characterize the inelastic strain recovery. A comparison of the predicted flow stress with the experimental data shows a good agreement. The mechanism of the transformation-induced plasticity effect and the inelastic recovery effect acting on the flow stress is also discussed in detail.     

Effect of cooling rate on plastic deformation of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses

The effect of cooling rate on plastic deformation of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses has been studied.The specimens with the diameters of 3 mm,4 mm and 6 mm cut from the same ladder-shaped Zr55Al10Ni5Cu...     

混凝土弹塑性硬化模型

通过对混凝土弹塑性硬化规则的描述指出目前诸多研究方法中仍存在不少问题，以经典塑性理论为基础，在应力空间上，将混凝土塑性硬化模型划分为弹全塑性断裂模型和弹塑性硬化断裂模型两种类型，分别在相应的基本假定条件下，给出了混凝土弹塑性硬化模型的一般表达式，从而进一步探索了弹塑性耦合问题。     

一种基于无网格方式的弹塑性体变形仿真方法

提出了一种对高弹性、高塑性物体变形进行仿真的新方法。该算法利用点采样的方式表现表面,使用采样分裂和聚合以适应仿真中采样密度的变化。将弹性力学中的理论应用到仿真中,使用移动最小二乘法计算应力、张力、弹性体力,使用张力状态变量来描述弹塑性变化,利用向量位移进行了仿真。仿真结果可表现融化、分裂、聚合等弹塑性变形。     

直杆受弯超载截面表层塑性变形深度的确定

为了提高金属零部件的强度,常采用预先使零件承受超载,使局部产生塑性变形。圆截面直杆,在超载弯曲情况下,如何求表层塑性变形深度。杆件在弯矩作用下,其轴线要发生弯曲,其曲率是求截面应力、应变和塑性变形深度的关键物理量。先给定若干个曲率再求出若干个与之对应的弯矩,绘出二者一一对应的关系曲线,利用此曲线定出与实际弯矩对应的曲率。     

裂隙砂岩冻融循环变形特征初探

采取汶马高速边坡砂岩预制裂隙后进行冻融循环试验;并进行冻融循环全过程裂隙的应变量监测,得到了在一次冻融过程中裂隙的应变过程经历了6个阶段,发现了岩样在冻融循环中的裂隙扩展由弹性变形转变为塑性变形,最终产生了残余应变。每一次初始的应变值即为上一次的残余应变值,而随着冻融循环次数的增多裂隙越来越大,呈对数增长的趋势。裂隙砂岩在冻融循环过程中,随温度变化,岩石的裂隙会产生新增或原裂隙扩展,宏观上表现为冻融损伤。     

两种有限变形力学理论的分析

为研究经典有限变形理论与和分解有限变形理论在非线性大变形力学分析中的区别与联系,在应力、应变定义的基础上,以大变形典型算例之一的有限转动与伸长为例,分别推导出该算例在这两种力学理论计算下的应力应变结果。计算结果表明：经典变形理论得出的形变张量不是唯一的;经典有限变形力学理论计算下的应力应变值要远大于和分解有限变形力学理论计算下的应力应变值。     

镍钛形状记忆合金管滚珠热旋压成形数值模拟

为了获得高性能、高质量的镍钛形状记忆合金薄壁管,尝试采用滚珠热旋压方法进行镍钛形状记忆合金管的成形．通过采用刚粘塑性有限元法对镍钛形状记忆合金管进行滚珠热旋压成形模拟,获得了镍钛形状记忆合金管坯在不同初始温度下的温度场、应力场和应变场,并进行了旋压载荷的预测．模拟结果表明,旋压件主变形区的温升可达100℃以上,故不宜选择太高的旋压初始温度;旋压成形时主变形区处于三向压应力状态,这将有利于提高材料的塑性,从而实现更大程度的塑性变形;主变形区的等效应力和等效应变数值均由外壁到内壁逐渐减小,说明旋压成形时管坯的外壁比内壁更容易满足塑性屈服准则;随着旋压温度的升高,各方向的旋压载荷均呈下降趋势,轴向载荷远远小于径向载荷和切向载荷．     

土工织物拉拔试验中筋土界面力学特性

针对土工织物筋土接触面的软化和塑性流动现象，根据拉拔试验的结果，提出了剪应力一位移关系的三阶段弹塑性模型．由筋材的受力特性建立微分控制方程，并通过有限差分法进行求解，得到了拉拔试验中的非线性位移、应变、拉力和剪应力等参量．算例分析了拉拔试验中的拉拔力一位移关系，并与线弹性模型和双曲线模型分析的结果进行比较．结果表明，分阶段弹塑性模型分析更符合实际情况．     

Intermittent dislocation flow in viscoplastic deformation

The viscoplastic deformation (creep) of crystalline materials under constant stress involves the motion of a large number of interacting dislocations. Analytical methods and sophisticated 'dislocation dynamics' simulations have proved very effective in the study of dislocation patterning, and have led to macroscopic constitutive laws of plastic deformation. Yet, a statistical analysis of the dynamics of an assembly of interacting dislocations has not hitherto been performed. Here we report acoustic emission measurements on stressed ice single crystals, the results of which indicate that dislocations move in a scale-free intermittent fashion. This result is confirmed by numerical simulations of a model of interacting dislocations that successfully reproduces the main features of the experiment. We find that dislocations generate a slowly evolving configuration landscape which coexists with rapid collective rearrangements. These rearrangements involve a comparatively small fraction of the dislocations and lead to an intermittent behaviour of the net plastic response. This basic dynamical picture appears to be a generic feature in the deformation of many other materials. Moreover, it should provide a framework for discussing fundamental aspects of plasticity that goes beyond standard mean-field approaches that see plastic deformation as a smooth laminar flow.     

棒材切分轧制过程中三维弹塑性有限元模拟

采用三维弹塑性有限元法对棒钢三线切分轧制过程的金属变形区进行了模拟。通过建立数学模型和计算，对切分轧件的变形特征、应力与应变进行了分析，提出了预切孔金属流动变形的稳定性问题。如果预切孔内轧件的变形过大，切分楔附近的金属网格发生了很大的扭曲畸变，造成变形不均匀和金属的流动不稳定。根据模拟分析的结果，设计了直径为Φ12mm带肋钢筋的三线切分孔型系统，轧制生产实验结果表明：采用优化的新切分孔型系统进行生产，提高了轧机的生产率，改善了产品质量。     

土压力作用下深井式地下停车库衬砌变形分析

建设深井式地下停车库成为缓解停车难这一问题的有力措施.停车库衬砌变形过大会产生裂缝,影响车库的抗渗性能,研究衬砌的变形规律,并控制其变形具有重要意义.依据假定条件,将侧向衬砌板简化成三边固定,一边自由的矩形薄板,将地下结构空间问题转化为弹性力学平面问题,从而大大简化计算量.使用差分法和有限元法分别推导薄板在均布荷载和三角荷载作用下的位移数值解,并与文献理论解对比.结果表明,均布荷载作用时,在板中部附近隆起,而三角荷载作用时,在板自由边跨中隆起.相对于有限元解,差分解与文献理论解更为接近,表明了计算方法的可行性.利用差分法,分别计算薄板在静止土压力、主动土压力、被动土压力作用下的位移解,为工程设计提供参考.