复杂地表条件下的地震波场模拟方法研究

克服常规非零炮检距地震波场模拟只能采用双程波动方程的限制,以等时叠加原理为基础,提出了一种新的适用于复杂地表条件的基于单程波动方程的频率域地震波场模拟方法.该方法采用频率域单程波动方程延拓算子进行波场延拓,利用等时叠加原理进行波场成像,不仅具有很快的计算速度,而且可以得到高信噪比的模拟记录,仅包含一次反射波和不规则点的绕射波,不包含直达波、多次波等干扰波.实际模型的正演数值模拟和叠前偏移结果都证明了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

波数域等价波动方程三维弹性波波场分离

将基于传统弹性波波动方程正演模拟或者反向外推得到的波场作为纵横波耦合的混合波场,利用亥姆霍兹分解方法对混合波场进行分离,可得到纯纵波波场和纯横波波场,但是用这种方法分离后的波场和原波场相比产生了振幅畸变。为了消除这一现象,笔者从亥姆霍兹分解方程入手,利用纵波波场旋度为零、横波波场散度为零的特性,在波数域将传统波动方程分解为无旋部分和无散部分,得到波动方程的一种等价表示。数值实例表明,该方法既能获得混合波场、纯纵波波场和纯横波波场,又能使分离前后的波场振幅无畸变。     

弹性波时域仿真的两个问题

为了解决医学超声探测的动态计算机仿真问题，将计算电磁学的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法应用于弹性机械波的模拟．建立了模拟弹性波时的有限差分模型，给出了弹性媒质运动学方程的FDTD离散形式，提出了复杂媒质边界的处理方法，用完全匹配层吸收边界截断计算区域．数值实验验证了上述模型和计算方法的有效性．     

矩形板中应力波主波和次波的传播与反射

弹性应力波的修正理论指出关于体积应变的波动方程与现有理论一致,但发展了一组关于体积应变和偏应变的弱耦合波动方程。针对矩形板受侧向集中载荷冲击下应力波的波动问题,建立了应力波传播的两组控制方程以及加载面和自由面的波动边界条件。采用有限差分方法求解波动方程,数值分析了应力波关于主波和次波的传播以及自由面上斜入射波的反射过程。偏应变在传播过程中分裂为两部分,一部分与体积应变共同传播组成主波,另一部分传播较慢形成次波。数值模拟结果显示与冲击载荷下纳钙玻璃板中应力波的传播图像是完全符合的。     

基于起伏地形的瑞利面波有限差分数值模拟

利用瑞利面波的频散特性及其不同频率瑞利面波能量随探测深度衰减变化规律,能够用来进行浅地表的地质勘探和地球内部构造的研究。利用有限差分数值求解的算法,模拟起伏条件下的地下介质中的瑞利面波;建立速度-应力弹性波动方程,利用交错网格的差分方式,引入完全匹配层(Perfectly matched layer,简称PML)的人工边界条件,对几种简单的起伏地表模型进行正演模拟。结果表明交错网格有限差分方法有比较好的精度,PML边界条件能够对来自边界的虚反射有较好的吸收处理。     

求解弹性波方程的高精度ONAD方法及其波场模拟

基于弹性波传播方程,发展了一种高精度低数值频散的八阶ONAD(optimal nearlyanalytic discrete)方法,该方法利用八阶精度的近似解析离散算子对空间高阶偏导数进行离散,采用四阶精度的截断豢勒展开式离散时间高阶导数.八阶ONAD方法被用于模拟地震波在VTI介质模型和2个复杂层状介质模型中的传播.计算效率结果表明,该方法在运算速度和存储量上明显优越于八阶LWC方法.波场模拟结果显示,八阶ONAD方法在粗网格条件下可有效消除由速度强间断所造成的数值频散,有利于在强问断介质中使用粗网格进行波场模拟,是一种在地震勘探领域有着巨大应用潜力的数值方法.     

三维多震源混合采集数据波场分离方法研究

混合采集由于单炮间的激发间隔远小于常规采集情况,具有采集周期短、作业成本低的优点,近年来,该项技术得到许多学者和石油公司的青睐;但在实际应用中,这种特殊观测系统的采集质量受波场分离因素的制约,许多学者开展了大量的工作研究;但对于三维多震源混合采集数据波场分离仍面临精度的制约。首先阐述了三维多震源混合采集的观测系统;并对其进行数值模拟。然后将稀疏反演方法应用于三维混采数据分离,建立了相应的公式;并使用该分离方法对模拟的混合数据进行波场分离,得到了满意的分离结果。通过对模拟数据的计算,验证了三维多震源混合采集数据波场分离方法的有效性和适用性。     

分裂算法对准爆轰波数值模拟的影响

本文分析了数值模拟中的分裂算法的特性及其对燃烧模拟结果的影响.跟理论结果相比,分裂算法会造成系统动量的不守恒.提出了对数值结果进行修正的模型,利用该模型,模拟得到了准爆轰波.分析了准爆轰波的热力学特性,表明准爆轰波是热壅塞的,是声速附近的加热流动.模拟得到的准爆轰波特性跟实验结果吻合得很好,表明本文所讨论的物理问题及所提出的模型是准确的.     

层状饱和多孔介质中弹性波场的数值模拟

基于Biot介质理论,对层状饱和多孔介质中弹性波的传播进行数值模拟.通过双相饱和多孔介质的一阶双曲型速度-应力弹性波波场分离方程,采用交错网格高阶有限差分法实现P-S波在层状饱和介质中的高精度数值模拟,并利用完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界来处理边界反射问题,取得较好的效果.模拟实例表明,该方法具有很好的稳定性和较高的精度,能够成功地将非均匀介质中的P波波场和S波波场从混合波场中分离出来,但由于饱和多孔介质中快纵波和慢纵波相互伴生,此方法无法实现两类纵波的分离.     

隧道壁后注浆缺陷的雷达波场模拟及信息提取

采用适于有耗介质的完美匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件的二维时域有限差分算法,对隧道壁后注浆缺陷的典型类型进行电磁波传播的数值模拟.模拟结果表明,自由表面的观测场包含着极强的钢筋散射波,影响了目标体反射波的识别.在此基础上,提出了一种新的基于一致性信息相消的钢筋散射波场去除方法,将自由表面观测的总场减去事先计算得到的钢筋散射场,可从强散射背景中恢复并提取出隧道壁后注浆缺陷目标体的反射波,数值计算结果体现出了该方法的有效性和准确性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that