采用横摆力矩优化分配方法的车辆稳定性控制系统

为提高车辆的操纵稳定性,设计了采用横摆力矩优化分配方法的车辆稳定性控制系统。控制系统的上层采用基于最优理论的横摆力矩控制器,该控制器根据校正横摆力矩来计算目标控制车轮的参考滑移率;下层是PID控制器,它跟踪上层控制器的参考滑移率,对目标车轮施加制动力矩从而使车辆稳定。采用八自由度非线性车辆模型在不同工况下进行仿真,结果表明所设计的控制系统能够有效地改善车辆的操纵稳定性。     

电动汽车回馈制动与防抱死制动集成控制

为提高电动汽车制动能量回馈效率,同时保证车辆的制动稳定性,提出了集成能量回馈优化与防抱死控制的分层控制方法。控制系统首先根据驾驶员的制动操作意图以及实时识别的路面状况,依据理想制动力分配曲线在前后轮间进行滑移率分配,然后用滑动变结构控制对前后轮滑移率进行控制,并使用模糊调节器动态调节控制参数以减少滑模控制产生的抖振。仿真结果表明,在新欧洲驾驶循环工况下所提控制策略较并联制动控制多回馈约80%的能量,并可利用电机的快速响应特性对车轮进行精确的防抱死控制,在确保制动性能的同时兼顾回收能量和减少制动片磨损。     

电动汽车回馈制动与防抱死制动集成控制

为提高电动汽车制动能量回馈效率,同时保证车辆的制动稳定性,提出了集成能量回馈优化与防抱死控制的分层控制方法。控制系统首先根据驾驶员的制动操作意图以及实时识别的路面状况,依据理想制动力分配曲线在前后轮间进行滑移率分配,然后用滑动变结构控制对前后轮滑移率进行控制,并使用模糊调节器动态调节控制参数以减少滑模控制产生的抖振。仿真结果表明,在NEDC工况下所提控制策略较并联制动控制多回馈约80%的能量,并可利用电机的快速响应特性对车轮进行精确的防抱死控制,在确保制动性能的同时兼顾了回收能量和减少了制动片的磨损。     

分布式驱动电动汽车电液复合分配稳定性控制

针对分布式驱动电动汽车各车轮电机力矩和液压制动力矩可独立控制的特点,以操纵稳定性为目标,设计电机与液压制动复合分配的控制策略.控制策略采用分层控制的结构,上层运动控制器根据驾驶员输入和车辆状态的反馈求取广义力,下层控制分配器在执行器约束及速度约束下,考虑轮胎纵侧耦合特性对横摆转矩的影响,采用二次规划法进行转矩分配,实现车辆的稳定性控制效果.最后利用CARSIM和MATLAB软件对电液复合算法进行了联合仿真,并进行了实车试验来验证算法,最终的仿真和试验结果表明复合分配控制策略的控制效果相对仅用电机控制时要好,提高了车辆的稳定性控制效果.     

基于频率的电液复合防抱死制动的制动力矩分配策略研究

对电动汽车上电液复合制动系统ABS制动力矩的分配进行研究,采取基于频率的制动力矩分配策略对期望值动力矩进行合理分配,以达到良好制动效果.分别对采用基于滤波器原理和加权最小二乘算法的两种制动力矩分配策略,进行设计和分析,最后通过Simulink平台进行仿真对比.结果表明,采用基于频率的ABS制动力矩分配能很好地控制车辆滑移率,实现防抱死制动力矩分配;采用加权最小二乘算法的分配策略能够获得较高的再生制动能量回收效率.     

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车横摆稳定性控制

为了提高轮毂电机驱动电动汽车行驶稳定性,设计了基于直接横摆力矩控制的车辆稳定性控制系统;针对滑模控制存在固有抖振的问题,建立基于模糊滑模控制理论的稳定性控制器;针对车辆质心侧偏角难以测量,建立了结构简单、计算快速的非线性滑模观测器;考虑到转矩分配的实际约束条件和分配器的响应速度,建立了等比例转矩分配器,分配各车轮上的驱动/制动扭矩。最后基于MATLAB/Simulink与Carsim联合仿真平台进行了仿真分析,结果表明该控制器能很好改善车辆的操纵稳定性,并且控制输出更加平顺。     

四轮轮毂电机驱动电动汽车扭矩分配控制

根据四轮轮毂电机驱动电动汽车驱动刷动力矩独立可控的特点,采用层次化结构的控制分配方法,优化分配驱／制动扭矩来提高车辆的操纵稳定性．控制器由运动控制器和控制分配器组成,其中运动控制器根据车辆状态产生所需总横摆力矩,控制分配器优化分配各轮上的驱／制动扭矩,同时考虑了各种执行器的约束条件．仿真结果表明：采用层次化结构的控制分配方法充分利用了垂直载荷较大的轮胎摩擦圆,降低了总的轮胎利用率,提高车辆的操纵稳定性．与平均分配的方法相比,稳定性控制效果更佳．     

液驱混合动力车辆纵向运动控制策略

根据液驱混合动力车辆的特点,提出了一种集成驱动和制动控制的纵向运动控制策略.建立了基于模糊PTD控制策略的驱动、制动控制器,并结合将驱动时的滑转率和制动时的滑移率统一处理的设想,设计了车辆的纵向运动控制策略,并利用MATLAB/Simulink工具进行仿真.仿真结果表明:该策略具有响应速度快,将滑移率和滑转率控制在-0.2到0.2安全范围内的特点,可以较好地满足车辆的行驶要求.     

轮胎滑移能量在电动汽车控制中的应用研究

针对四轮驱动电动汽车力矩分配问题,提出了一种考虑轮胎滑移能量的四轮驱动电动汽车控制结构与力矩分配方法.该方法将高级底盘控制HCC结构与最优控制相结合,在HCC结构的基础上,将车辆侧向力的控制从HCC结构中分离,通过最优控制车辆主动前轮转向和直接横摆力矩来实现车辆的稳定行驶.提出了一种适用于HCC结构的增量型最小化滑移能量力矩分配方法,并基于UniTire滑移能量模型进行了相关的动力学仿真.结果表明在不控制前轮转向和横摆力矩的情况下车辆是失稳的,而采用文中所提结构结合最小化轮胎负荷率或最小化轮胎滑移能量是可以保证车辆侧向稳定的.      

基于滑移率试探的电动车辆制动控制策略

分析了电驱动车辆制动控制中能量回馈与制动稳定性之间的矛盾,提出了一种兼顾制动回馈控制及车轮防抱死控制的基于滑移率试探的电动汽车制动控制策略.在制动过程中根据滑移率是否在稳定区域,实时控制电机制动力与液压制动力,在保证制动稳定性的同时提高制动能量回收能力.该控制策略不依赖于路面辨识、制动力估计等复杂算法.在不同制动工况下的仿真结果表明: 采用该策略能获得接近最优的制动回馈效率,并在大制动力工况中实现了车轮的防抱死控制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that