风扇叶片结冰对航空发动机不平衡响应影响研究

航空发动机风扇叶片结冰对转子不平衡具有显著的影响;并导致发动机推力的损失。针对风扇叶片结冰对转子不平衡的影响问题,采用结冰软件详细分析了商用航空发动机风扇叶片结冰情况。基于隐式动力学模型研究了风扇叶片结冰引起的整机转子不平衡。通过整机有限元模型研究了风扇叶片结冰对不同支撑轴承载荷和位移的影响;进一步研究了不平衡条件下转子和静子的间隙。研究结果表明风扇叶片结冰质量的最大工况为地面慢车状态,对一号轴承和二号轴承有一定的影响。提出的分析方法可以为风扇叶片防冰设计和验证提供指导。     

宁夏宁杞1号花期霜冻过冷却实验研究

以宁夏枸杞主栽品种宁杞1号为研究对象,通过人工霜冻模拟箱进行过冷却实验,分花蕾期、初花期、盛花期等不同阶段分析其过冷却点和结冰点温度,并统计不同低温范围的分布比例,计算分析达到过冷却点所需的时间.结果表明,花蕾期、初花期、盛花期的过冷却点分别为-9～-3.8℃,-8.8～-4.0℃,-8.5～-3.4℃,结冰点分别为-6.9～-3.1℃,-5.7～-2.9℃,-5.4～-2.5℃,花蕾期比初花和盛花期的过冷却点分别平均低0.2,0.7℃,结冰点分别低0.5,1.3℃.花蕾期、初花期、盛花期的过冷却点频率分布不同,但分布趋势均呈单峰曲线状,趋势峰值分别出现在-8～-7℃,-7～-6℃,-6～-5℃.各花期达到过冷却点的平均时间分别为5.1,4.6,4.5 h.花蕾期、初花期、盛花期的结冰点和过冷却点呈逐渐升高的趋势,初花和盛花期的"跃升值"接近,均大于花蕾期;随着发育进程的推进,达到过冷却点的时间呈逐渐减小的趋势,且花器官的抗冻性逐渐减弱.     

环境结冰试验中液态水滴传热特性

航空发动机环境结冰试验时,使用二元喷嘴将纯水雾化成液态水滴,液态水滴喷出后与发动机进气发生传热过程,到达发动机进口前需达到过冷状态,从而在发动机进口处结冰。研究了液态水滴与主气流间传热过程,建立了液态水滴运动方程和传热方程,编制了液态水滴传热特性分析软件,并研究了不同参数对液态水滴过冷位移的影响,计算了军用和民用航空发动机环境结冰试验时的最短喷雾距离。结果表明:液态水过冷位移与液态水滴直径的平方以及气流速度基本呈线性关系;在1.6 m喷雾距离下,液态水滴能达到过冷状态,且和气流两相温差不超过2℃。     

发动机轴流风扇流场与声场测量及分析

为探索发动机冷却风扇变转速气流场、声场和噪声传播特性,建造了发动机冷却系统试验台和研制了465Q型发动机轴流风扇。首先,通过调节6挡风扇转速,对风扇轴功率、散热器正面不同半径10测点静压强、总压强和噪声声压级进行了测量,同时完成护风圈出口不同半径6测点静压强、总压强和噪声声压级,以及散热器外不同半径3个方向6测点噪声声压级的测量。然后,计算出风扇变转速流量、全压和效率等特性参数,绘制了风扇变转速散热器正面和护风圈出口气流场和声场压强、风速、声压级分布曲线及风扇变转速性能曲线。最后,根据试验数据拟合出转速-风量、转速-效率等经验计算公式,给出噪声声压级与位移半径和转速之间约束方程式,验证发动机轴流风扇变转速噪声声压级换算满足对数比例定律。通过比较日本机械工程师学会实验统计数据,本研究最大比声压级为37.8 dB在其所测21～38 dB范围内,证明本研究结果达到较高的精确度。经过综合分析阐明了发动机冷却风扇流场与声场主要特征及流动和传播规律,提出了高效低噪风扇优化设计改进的具体措施。本研究结果可为发动机冷却风扇的优化配套设计提供参考。     

直热式空气源变频热泵热水系统的特性分析

模拟分析了一种直热空气源变频热泵热水系统,包括水箱模块与热泵模块的理论耦合特性和热泵系统在变工况下的运行特性,并且比较了压缩机频率每变化1Hz和冷凝温度每变化1℃对系统的影响.模拟分析表明:压缩机功率随环境温度变化的趋势为抛物线状,在20℃左右达到最高;制热量与环境温度呈正线性相关;热泵模块出热水流量随环境温度变化呈指数增长;当压缩机有效容积和吸气系数等参数不变时,制冷剂质量流量与环境温度呈正线性变化;制热COP随环境温度呈指数增长,随出水温度的升高而降低;调节频率可以更有效改善系统制热量,而降低冷凝温度从而适当降低用水温度(如42℃),可以更有效地降低功耗、增加出水流量.     

燃油温度对化油器燃油流量系数的影响

现代小型无人机一次飞行过程中大气温度变化量可以达到80℃左右.为追求发动机合理的空燃比和飞行效费比,测量了燃油粘度-温度特性,并利用计算及试验法,研究了小型无人机发动机使用纯汽油或混合油温度在-40℃～+40℃条件下,其粘度-温度特性对化油器各量孔燃油流量系数的干扰力度.研究结果表明,当燃油温度变化量在80℃范围内时,...     

某涡轴发动机环境结冰试验设备调试研究

GJB242规定发动机应在三种大气条件下进行环境结冰试验,采用结冰条件模拟设备可以模拟出合适的结冰气象条件。本文详细介绍了某涡轴发动机模拟环境结冰试验设备的组成和功能,并对试验设备进行了调试。在多种环境温度下调节供水压力和供气压力测量水雾参数,从而得到试验需要的液态水含量和平均水滴直径,同时采用格栅验证水雾均匀性,调试结果表明该设备可以满足发动机模拟环境结冰试验要求,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

国产新支线飞机发动机自然结冰试飞

论述了国产发动机开展自然结冰试飞的背景、主要改装工作、试飞方法及风险处置措施,对试飞结果进行了分析与讨论。在发动机慢车功率、双发待机功率以及最大爬升功率下均能观察到超过三次明显的冰脱落过程,发生冰脱落时的大气中液态水含量均值为0.54~0.83 g/m~3,水滴平均直径为15.2~16.1μm,随着发动机功率的增加冰脱落循环周期呈现减小趋势,在双发待机功率下风扇振动变化幅度最大。试飞过程中发动机工作未出现异常。试飞同时验证了飞行手册中的手动脱冰程序。该试飞方法可以为国内其他同类型发动机的自然结冰试飞提供参考。     

泽陆蛙的体温调节及静止代谢率

为研究泽陆蛙Fejervarya multistriata的体温调节能力及其静止代谢率,应用开路式呼吸作用测量仪,测定泽陆蛙在一定温度范围内(10~35℃)的耗氧量,由此计算出静止代谢率,结果显示:雌雄泽陆蛙在不同环境温度条件(10、15、20、25、30、35℃)下的体温和静止代谢率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。泽陆蛙体温与环境温度(10~35℃)呈显著正相关关系,其线性回归方程为T_b=0.881 7T_a-1.355 2(r~2=0.996 1,F_(1,6)=1 009.98,P0.01)。泽陆蛙静止代谢率随环境温度(10~35℃)的升高而升高,其关系符合一元二次曲线的数学模型,回归方程为η_(RMR)=3.176-0.314T_a+0.01T2a(r~2=0.976,F_(1,6)=18.251,P=0.021)。在20、30、35℃时,泽陆蛙静止代谢率与其体质量呈显著负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.449、-0.523、-0.512。结果表明:泽陆蛙的体温和静止代谢率随环境温度的变化而变化,符合外温动物的体温和代谢特点,泽陆蛙具有一定的生理调节体温的能力。     

某涡轴发动机环境结冰试验设备调试

GJB242规定发动机应在三种大气条件下进行环境结冰试验,采用结冰条件模拟设备可以模拟出合适的结冰气象条件。详细介绍了某涡轴发动机模拟环境结冰试验设备的组成和功能;并对试验设备进行了调试。在多种环境温度下调节供水压力和供气压力测量水雾参数,从而得到试验需要的液态水含量和平均水滴直径;同时采用格栅验证水雾均匀性。调试结果表明该设备可以满足发动机模拟环境结冰试验要求,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with