激光扫描三角法大型曲面测量中影响参数分析

介绍了基于光学三角理论的激光扫描大型曲面测量原理．详细分析了影响其测量精度的几个主要因素,即被测物体表面的光学性能、物面倾斜、光学系统畸变及散斑等对测量精度的影响．针对大范围测量时,光斑图像占用多个像素及诸多因素造成的光斑图像强度分布不均,以致于很难读取真正光斑几何中心的问题,文中提出了基于Hough变换的光斑中心提取方法．实验表明了该方法对提高大型曲面测量精度的有效性．     

基于分层插值和最小二乘拟合的亚像素细分算法

在分析传统的光疯质心亚像素细分算法误差原因的基础上,提出了一种基于“金字塔思想”分层方式的三次线形插值和最小二乘拟合的质心算法。通过多次插值对光斑图像进行逐层细分,采用最小二乘曲面拟合在每一层内进行迭代计算。结果表明,该文分层插值方法提高了图像的分辨率,减小了图像系统误差和随机噪声等因素对算法精度的影响,通过该方法获得了较高精度的图像光斑中心位置。仿真实验测试证明,分层插值拟合方法精度优于质心法和曲面拟合法等传统算法,在实际的飞行器测量实验中具有很好的实用性。     

激光光斑定位的多圆拟合算法的研究

介绍了用于提取激光光斑参数的曲面拟舍和圆拟合算法，在圆拟合算法的基础上提出了新的多圆拟合算法，在不同的噪声水平下比较了曲面拟合算法和多圆拟合算法所能够达到的精度。研究结果表明，多圆拟合算法具有更好的抗噪声性能，除了可以检测光斑中心外，多圆拟合算法还可以检测其半径达到亚像素级的光斑，所以能够广泛地应用在光学测量系统之中。     

基于图像变换的自由曲面光学透镜面形测量

对称中心的自由曲面光学透镜的光学表面面形测量 ,是光学加工制造领域的难题。为达到高精度测量 ,提出一种可用于自由曲面光学透镜在线光学测量方法。基于光学透镜的图像变换特性与其光学表面面形之间存在着的拓扑关系 ,通过对标准输入图像和经过待测自由曲面光学透镜变换后的输出图像进行智能辨识、分析和处理 ,求出该光学透镜的变换矩阵 ,并据此精确测量出待测光学透镜的曲面面形。实验结果表明 :基于图像变换的测量方法的测量误差小于 2～ 3μm,能够适用于自由曲面光学透镜的非接触、快速高精度测量     

基于主动视觉的测量装置精度校准方法

针对工业在线监测对测量装置精度及稳定性的要求,对视觉测量装置精度校准及维护方法进行研究。分析透视原理下引入图像畸变的测量装置成像模型,推导测量装置相对基准激光做直线运动时光斑在畸变图像中的轨迹方程,提出一种基于主动视觉的测量装置精度校准方法:首先,通过控制测量装置做二维平移运动得到校准所需的特征点信息;接着,利用光斑的畸变轨迹方程求解测量图像的畸变系数并对图像进行畸变校正;最后,求解图像平面到被测平面的单应性矩阵从而完成精度校准。对特征点的布置方式进行优化。研究结果表明:校准后的定位测量峰值误差为0.373像素,均方根误差为0.178像素。该方法精度较高且易于实施,能满足工业在线检测的要求。     

光斑分析仪数据处理中几个关键问题的研究

传统光学测试有大量繁琐的前后期处理过程，集光、机、电、计算机一体化的智能光斑分析仪解决了这个问题，整个系统采用积木式结构，自动实现成像光斑的灰度数据采集及后续图像处理，测量准确、直观，对简化操作步骤、提高测量精度、降低操作人员劳动强度有着重要意义．针对研制过程中数据处理的几个关键问题，进行了深入的研究并提出解决方法。     

处理光滑曲面上指印光斑方法的实验研究

目的解决并处理曲面上指印物证照片光斑影响难题。方法提取拍照时,利用不同配光角度记录两次相同背景相同反差但光斑位置不同的照片,利用PhotoShop软件"橡皮擦"工具进行图像拼合,达到去除光斑的目的。结果图像处理后的物证照片即消除了光斑又能反映纹线细节的检验效果。结论处理曲面上指印时,图像拼接法是一种可以去除光斑影响的有效方法。     

一种基于分数阶Fourier变换的光斑图像抑噪方法

在激光光斑中心定位系统中,光斑图像噪声直接影响中心定位的精度。为了保证光斑重心的测量精度,抑制光斑图像噪声,针对信号和噪声有很强的时频静合特性,通过分数阶Fourier变换（FRFT）分析了含噪声激光光斑图像在分数阶Fourier域的幅度特征,在一维信号分数阶滤波系统参数估计的基础上,利用多阶段的滤波结构滤除激光光斑图像中的高斯噪声。仿真结果表明,该算法能较好地在强噪声背景下将光斑图像恢复出来,抑噪后的光斑基本能满足激光光斑中心定位系统的预处理要求。     

基于数字图像技术的桥梁动态位移测量应用研究

文章开发了一套基于数字图像处理技术的桥梁动态位移测量系统。该系统对采集的光斑图像进行二值化及图像滤波处理,进而搜索光斑中心在像素坐标下的变化来求其空间坐标,以达到识别桥梁动态位移的目的。为证实该系统测量的可行性与准确性,在实验室进行了精度实验,静载、动载测量以及实桥测试。同时用该系统采集的位移数据进行频谱分析,频谱结果与其理论基频吻合。结果表明,在测量环境不变的前提下,该系统的测量结果与其对比方法测量结果基本一致,系统测量精度在毫米级情况下频谱分析所求得的频率结果较为准确,满足桥梁位移测量与基本动态特性分析的需要。     

基于光学自由曲面的三维位移测量系统

针对数控机床、多轴位移台等多轴系统位移检测中存在的检测方法复杂、测量费用高等问题,利用光学自由曲面具有极大的设计自由度,可简化系统结构、提高系统性能的特点,设计开发了一种基于光学自由曲面的非接触式三维位移测量系统,用于普通机床、多轴位移台等多轴系统位移精度检测.通过设计光学自由曲面基准件,搭建实验平台,建立测量系统的数学模型,完成了测量系统的标定实验、测量系统精度验证实验和三维位移测量实验.结果表明,该测量系统精度达2.8,μm,可用于多轴系统的位移检测.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the