纤维用PET的燃烧及阻燃机理研究

通过对纤维用ＰＥＴ及添加不同阻燃剂的ＰＥＴ样品燃烧的气相、固相产物的红外光谱和ＣＯＮＥ实验分析,探讨了ＰＥＴ的燃烧和阻燃机理。认为ＰＥＴ燃烧时,在生成气相产物的同时,还会发生交联反应形成环烯结构。溴化磷酸酯阻燃剂具有磷、溴协同效应,可在气相到固相全过程内起阻燃作用;而芳香族溴化物主要是气相阻燃机理;聚合型溴化聚芳烃,由于聚合物链可能参与ＰＥＴ降解过程的交联反应,所以也是气相、固相均有阻燃作用。     

阻燃涤纶纤维结晶及力学性能的研究

通过密度梯度，应力－应变测量等方法，研究阻燃涤纶纤维结晶及力学性能。实验结果表明，阻燃剂（ＳＦ－ＦＲ）的加入对涤纶纤维结晶及机械性能产生一定影响。这也从侧面反映了阻燃剂和ＰＥＴ部分相容性。     

PEEK对熔融共混PPS／PEEK合金中PPS组份的结晶行为影响的研究

用ＤＳＣ研究了不同ＰＥＥＫ含量不同ＰＥＥＫ粒径对ＰＰＳ／ＰＥＥＫ熔融共混物中组分ＰＰＳ结晶行为的影响。发现ＰＥＥＫ含量增加，ＰＰＳ的Ｔ｜升高，结晶峰宽增加，并由单峰变为双峰。并随ＰＥＥＫ的粒径减小，两相结晶行为相互影响增强，ＰＥＥＫ结晶峰宽变窄，ＴＣＯ和ＴＣ有所降低     

碳氟等离子体处理聚合物的表面动力学（Ⅰ）──静态接触角法和变角XPS法研究表面动力学

利用碳氟等离子体处理ＰＥＴ，用变角ＸＰＳ和接触角进行了改性的表面分析，表明碳氟等离子体的处理可以改善ＰＥＴ表面的憎水性，而且ＣＦ４／ＣＨ４混合气体等离子体的效果更好．改性后的样品浸水后会使等离子体的处理效果很快下降，其主要原因是由于含氟基团在水的作用下翻转到ＰＥＴ的体相之中，但混合气体的等离子体的处理更有助于保持憎水的处理效果．     

PEEK对熔融共混PPS／PEEK合金中PPS组份的结晶行为影响…

用ＤＳＣ研究了不同ＰＥＥＫ含量不同ＰＥＥＫ粒径对ＰＰＳ／ＰＥＥＫ熔融共混物中组分ＰＰＳ结晶行为的影响。发现ＰＥＥＫ含量增加，ＰＰＳ的Ｔ１升高，结晶峰宽增加，并由单峰变为双峰。并随ＰＥＥＫ的粒径减小，两相结晶行为相互影响增强，ＰＥＥＫ结晶峰宽变窄，ＴＣｏ和ＴＣ有所降低。     

数论函数中的R－空间的一个性质

本文证明了如果Ｔ是Ｒ－空间，ｆ是一个完全积性函数，若有ｋ次复系数非零多项式Ｐ（ｚ）使Ｐ（Ｅ）ｆ∈Ｔ，则一定有正整数Ｂ使（ＥＢ－１）ｋｆ∈Ｔ，Ｂ的所有素因子ｐ满足ｆ（ｐ）＝０，并且如果Ｐ（ｚ）是满足条件的最低次首１多项式，则Ｐ（ｚ）一定可以表示为若干个分圆多项式Ｆｄ（ｚ）的来积．此外使ｆ（ｐ）＝Ｏ的素数ｐ的个数不超过ｋ－１．     

二（2，4，4－三甲基戊基）膦酸萃取锌──Ⅱ．萃取动力学

研究了二（２，４，４，－三甲基戊基）膦酸（ＣＹＡＮＥＸ２７２．ＨＡ）从硫酸介质中革取锌（１１）的动力学，提出界面区域内化学反应控制机理；考察了磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）对萃取的影响，观察到ＴＢＰ对ＣＹＡＮＥＸ２７２萃取锌有明显的动力学加速作用．认为ＴＢＰ与ＣＹＡＮＥＸ２７２的分子缔合物２ＨＡ·ＴＢＰ直接参与动力学过程，使萃取传质受一个活化能低的相内反应控制，导致萃取过程加速，这一动力学协同过程必然伴随热力学协同萃取现象．     

用TEOSPECVD氧化硅做掩蔽层选择性生长金刚石薄膜

本文研究了在ＨＦ—ＣＶＤ法中，衬底温度Ｔｓ对ＰＥＴＥＯＳ（等离子体增强正硅酸乙酯）氧化硅—硅衬底上选择性生长金刚石薄膜的影响。结果表明：Ｔｓ变化影响ＰＥＴＥＯＳ氧化硅掩蔽层区域和硅表面金刚石晶粒成核密度。Ｔｓ较低时（７５０—８２０℃），ＰＥＴＥＯＳ氧化硅区域成核密度远小于裸露硅表面；随Ｔｓ升高（＞８２０℃），氧化硅区域成核密度增加很快；当Ｔｓ＞８５０℃时，氧化硅区域成核密度超过硅表面。     

PBT／PET的组成与混溶性的关系：Ⅱ,结晶对相溶性的影响

考察了玻璃化温度与ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共混物组成的关系，讨论了晶相分离及其对相溶性的影响，片晶间非晶部分的相溶性等，表明结晶相分离将导致非晶部分组分比的改变，但不会导致非晶部分的组分相分离，片晶间非结晶部分的ＰＢＴ和ＰＥＴ仍然是相溶的．     

天花粉蛋白结构改造对引产活性的影响

目的：研究结构改造对天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）引产活性的影响。方法：利用定点突变将ＴＣＳ第２１９位的天冬酰胺残基改变为半胱氨酸残基（Ｑ２１９Ｃ）以供定点聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）修饰,测定修饰产物的致本失活活性及小鼠中期引产活性。结果：ＰＥＧ修饰使的致核糖体失活活性约降低９０％;相对分子质量为５０００的ＰＥＧ修饰对引产活性无明显影响,而相对分子质量为２００００的ＰＥＧ修饰却明显增强引产活性;此外,ＰＥＧ修饰使Ｔ     

Characterizations of Phosphorus - containing Flame - retardant Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Copolyester

Copolyesters of phosphorus - containing flame - retardant poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) have been prepared and characterized with the objection of producing an effective, environmentally friendly, nonfugitive alternatives to halogen flame retardant system for practical application. With means of NMR, DSC, DTA/TGA, SEM and LOI, structure, thermal property and flam-mability are investigated which reveal that the flame -retardant PET when copolymerized with 2 - carboxyethyl (phenylphosphinic) acid (CEPP) confers excellent fire retardancy with LOI > 28, broader thermal degradation temperature and increased char formation.     

Combustion forming hollow nanospheres as a ceramic fortress for flame-retardant fiber

Simple, effective and safe flame retardants are required to improve flame retardant properties of polymer fibers.However, traditional additive flame retardants, such as halogen-flame retardants and intumescent flame retardants, are likely to cause phase separation of functional phases due to their poor dispersibility and compatibility, or are difficult to be suitable for the high temperature processing conditions of melt-spun fibers. Here, in an effort to develop a practical flame retardant system in which zinc diphosphinate(DEPZn) and D-glucose(DG)were selectively incorporated into polyethylene terephthalate(PET) fiber was developed. As a result, the dense nano-scale zinc phosphate microspheres were formed on the surface and inside the residual carbon during combustion. Thus, PET fibers were endowed with excellent flame retardancy through a thermal barrier and enhancement of physical strength for the carbon layer. Moreover, a synergistic flame-retardant effect was found between DEPZn and DG. DG reduced the size of the zinc phosphate nanosphere from 200 nm to 50 nm, making the carbon layer denser and smoother. As a result, the peak heat release of the resultant PET composite fiber decreased to 410 k W/m~2 compared 1276 k W/m~2 for neat PET fiber. Moreover, the total smoke release also dropped from 71 MJ/kg of neat PET fiber to 64 MJ/kg for PET composite fibers. These results provide a promising strategy for the production of industrialized PET flame retardant fibers.     

Flame Retardant Finishing of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fabric with a Carbon Source Containing DOPO Derivative

9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide( DOPO)-based flame retardant( DOPO-DOPC) which contains carbon source was used to improve the flame retardancy of poly( ethylene terephthalate)( PET) fabrics. The prepared DOPODOPC dispersion was applied onto PET fabrics via two kinds of processes,thermosol process and exhaustion process,and in the later using it alone or together with disperse dyes. The flame retardancy of PET fabrics was determined by limiting oxygen index( LOI) and vertical burning test. The results showed that DOPODOPC could obviously improve the flame retardancy of PET fabrics.The PET fabric treated by 60 g/L DOPO-DOPC dispersion via exhaustion process achieved an LOI value of 32. 3%,for example.The flame retardancy and dyeing performances showed that DOPODOPC dispersion could be used together with a part of disperse dyes in one bath. The thermal stability of DOPO-DOPC and the treated PET fabrics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis( TGA). And the flame retardant mechanism of DOPO-DOPC treated PET fabrics was further investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry( Py-GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM).     

阻燃机理的研究

阻燃是一种燃速非常低的特殊燃烧过程。本文根据燃烧的基本原理讨论了阻燃材料的阻燃机理,建立了物理模型和数字模型,并提出了用阻燃系数来表示阻燃材料的阻燃能力。 k=1/r k——阻燃系数 r——阻燃材料的燃烧速度阻燃系数愈大,阻燃效果愈好。     

阻燃剂对聚苯乙烯挤出发泡性能的影响

利用超临界二氧化碳挤出发泡法制备了聚苯乙烯（PS）挤塑板，研究了新型复合阻燃剂（FR）的添加量对PS/FR体系流变特性的影响，表征测试了发泡材料的微观泡孔结构，并与国产阻燃剂（DFR）进行了比较，同时比较了不同FR添加量下发泡制品的阻燃性能。研究结果表明，FR的添加会降低树脂的黏度；在FR质量分数为3.5%时，发泡制品的表观密度和平均泡孔直径最小，泡孔密度最大，开孔率较低，同时制品的阻燃性能较好。     

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Property of Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/Modified Cyclotriphosphazene Composites

In this study,hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene( HCCP)modified by boric acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane( KH-550)in solvent diglyme( FR-HCCP) was used as the flame retardant for poly( ethylene terephthalate)( PET) composites. The flame retardancy and thermal property of pure PET and flame-retarded PET composites were mainly investigated. The flame retardancy was investigated by limited oxygen index( LOI) and UL-94 vertical burning test. The results showed that the composites could achieved an increased UL-94 V-0 rating and LOI value 30. 2, when the content of FR-HCCP was just 1%. The pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( Py-GC / MS) study demonstrated that introducing FR-HCCP into PET would prevent the polymer pyrolysis during heating. TGA analysis showed that the addition of FR-HCCP could improve the char formation of the system. Roman spectra showed the order degree of residue was increasing by adding the additive. The morphology and the chemical structure of the charred residue were detected by SEMand FTIR,respectively. Results demonstrated that a good barrier was formed by the char of the composite,which protected the inside of the composite during burning.     

结合磷型丙烯酸酯阻燃压敏胶的制备与性能

将丙烯酸聚醚磷酸酯与丙烯酸酯进行自由基溶液聚合,制得具有本征阻燃性能的结合磷型丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液,然后将该溶液与油性聚磷酸铵浆料共混制得结合磷型丙烯酸酯阻燃压敏胶。考察了引发剂用量、单体配比、丙烯酸聚醚磷酸酯用量、聚磷酸铵用量等因素对压敏胶的压敏性和阻燃性的影响规律,并用IR和TG对共聚物进行了表征。结果表明,当丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸和丙烯酸聚醚磷酸酯（PAM 300）的质量比为56.0∶4.2∶23.7∶14.0:2.1∶10.0,引发剂质量分数为0.6%,聚磷酸铵质量分数为24%时,可制得阻燃性和压敏性均佳的压敏胶,所得压敏胶阻燃性能和常规性能均与进口阻燃压敏胶BMS5-133D的性能相当。     

双环笼状磷酸酯阻燃环氧树脂的燃烧行为研究

利用锥形量热仪结合氧指数和垂直燃烧测试方法,研究了1－氧－4－羟甲基－2,6,7－三氧杂－1－磷杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷（PEPA）阻燃双酚A缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂的阻燃性能及燃烧行为,结果表明,添加PEPA的环氧树脂体系阻燃性能明显提高,同时燃烧时的热及燃烧行为,结果表明：添加PEPA的环氧树脂体系阻燃性能明显提高,同时燃烧时的热释放速率,质量损失速率以及烟和有毒气体的释放一量减少,PEPA是一种性能优异,对环境友好的膨胀型阻燃剂。     

Synthesis,characterization of a DOPO-based polymeric flame retardant and its application in polyethylene terephthalate

A high molecular weight DOPO-based flame retardant(DP-DE) containing phosphorus linked pendent groups was synthesized by a two-step esterification and polycondensation reaction,and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),~(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance(~(13)C NMR) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).After added into polyethylene terephthalate(PET) via melt-blending method,the flame retardancy of DP-DE were monitored by thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA),limiting oxygen index(LOI) and underwriter laboratories(UL-94) test.The results showed that DP-DE display good flame retardancy in PET.And the thermal stability,char residue yield and LOI values of the composites increased with the increase of DP-DE content.The flame retarded mechanism of DP-DE was investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatogram-mass(PY-GCMS),in situ FTIR,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and laser Raman spectroscopy(LRS).DP-DE was evidenced to release phosphorus acid and its derivatives,which catalyze carbonization and produce compact carbonaceous layers.Through protecting the polymeric materials substrate from further degradation and inhibiting the pyrolysis degree,both the amount and thermal stability of carbonaceous layers of DP-DE were improved,and hence enhancing the flame retarded performance of PET/DP-DE composites.