A unique mode of multiplication of basidiospores inRavenelia hobsoni (Uredinales)

Zusammenfassung Erster Bericht über die Vervielfältigung von Sporidien durch binare Spaltung beiRavenelia hobsoni.

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Author is grateful to Prof.M. N. Kamat, Head of Mycology Division, M.A.C.S. Laboratory, Poona 4, for his deep interest and guidance, Dr.S. R. Sarvotham, Quality Control Laboratory, Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd., Pimpri, for the laboratory facilities and encouragement given. Thanks are also due to Dr.A. V. Sathe for several suggestions and to Mr.D. N. Nagpure for drawings.     

The role of glycine in the biosynthesis of a terpene

Zusammenfassung Mit doppelt markiertem Glycin konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Kohlenstoffatom der Methylgruppe viel besser als das Kohlenstoffatom der Karboxylgruppe in die Isoprengruppe des Ophiobolins B ausCochiobolus miyabeanus eingebaut wird. Die Radioaktivität wird in Ophiobolin B eingebaut, wenn die folgenden Verbindungen verwendet werden: [3-¹⁴C]-Serin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Sarcosin, [¹⁴C-Methyl]-Methionin, und [¹⁴C] Formate.

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a)Studies on Biosynthesis. Part V. for Part IV, seeM. Anchel, A. K. Bose, K. S. Khanchandani andP. T. Funke, Phytochem.9, 2135 (1970). b) Presented in part at the 3rd Natural Products Symposium, University of West Indies, Jamaica, January 1970.

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The support of this research by Stevens Institute of Technology is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank Dr.J. H. Davis and Prof.L. Z. Pollara for their interest and encouragement and Drs.H. Levy, P. T. Funke, M. S. Manhas, P. K. Bhattacharyya andM. Anchel for valuable discussions and help with some of the experiments. We are particularly thankful to Dr.L. Canonica for providing us with cultures ofCochiobolus miyabeanus that made our work on ophiobolin B possible.     

Reflexine,a new indole alkaloid ofRauwolfia reflexa

Summary Reflexine, a new indole alkaloid, has been isolated from the leaves ofRauwolfia reflexa Teijsm. and Binn. From spectral studies, chemical reactions and correlation with seredamine, reflexine is shown to be its C-17 epimer (IV).Grateful thanks are accorded to ProfessorR. H. Thomson, Dr.R. T. Brown, Dr.Nitya Nand and Dr.S. C. Pakrashi for spectral measurements. Financial assistance from CCRIMH, New Delhi, and UGC, New Delhi, are also thankfully acknowledged.     

Aflatoxin production in some varieties of soybeans (Glycine max L.)

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 5 Varietäten vonGlycine max. mit 2 toxinerzeugenden Aspergillusstämmen beimpft und auf ihre Aflatoxinbildung untersucht. Alle Varietäten lieferten Substrate, die zur Biosynthese messbarer Aflatoxinmengen durch beide Aspergillusstämme führten.

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Acknowledgements. The authors are extremely grateful to Dr.C. Gopalan, Director National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, for his keen interest and valuable suggestions. The authors are also indebted to Dr.L. A. Goldblatt of New Orleans for the generou supply of pure aflatoxin standards; to Dr.S. Raghavendra Rao, Regional Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, for the culture ofA. parasiticus (NRRL 2999) and to Dr.H. Murakami of Tokyo for the culture ofA. toxicarius (RIB 4002).     

Eco-physiological studies onZornia diphylla pers. with reference to adaptive seed dormancy

Summary Seeds ofZornia diphylla possess a complex type of dormancy which is of great survival value for the species. Seeds show polymorphism. The optimum temperature for germination explains the cause of its distribution in the tropics. The grazing and scraping promotes the vegetative growth.The author is grateful to Dr.R. Sahai and Dr.R. S. Tripathi, Gorakhpur University, for guidance and to Dr.Y. B. Singh, Principal, and Dr.G. C. Srivastava, Head Dept. Botany, for encouragement and facilities. Thanks are due to my colleagues late SriP. N. Gupta, SriJ. Abraham, SriF. Abbasi, and Dr.A. B. Sinha for their cooperation.     

Nuclear numbers in encysted dormant embryos of differentArtemia salina populations

Summary The number of nuclei in dormant cysts from world-wide populations of the brine shrimp,Artemia salina (L.) was determined. These nuclear numbers proved to be quite constant considering the diversity of geographical localities, ploidies, and modes of reproduction represented by these populations. We believe this constancy indicates a tight coupling between the development and dormancy of these embryos. Chromosome counts onArtemia from Jamnagar, India indicated this population to be triploid.We wish to thank Dr.T. Iwasaki for supplying cysts of the Aio Machi population, Dr.C. Barigozzi for cysts from Sete and Comacchio, and Dr.G. Stephens for cysts from Jamnagar. This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation No. GB-40199.     

Establishment of a cell line (XTC-2) from the South African clawed toad,Xenopus laevis

Résumé On décrit une méthode pour l'établissement d'une culture de cellules du crapaud a griffes sudafricain,Xenopus laevis, afin de l'infecter avec des arbovirus. Les cellules (XTC-2) ont subi une culture continue pendant 3 ans. Elles ont un nombre diploïde de chromosomes. Elles furent cultivées aux températures de 22°C et de 28°C dans un milieu de culture dilué de NCTC 109 avec 10% de sérum de veau foetal.

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We thank ProfessorD. S. Bertram, Director of the Department of Entomology at the School, for his continued interest; Mr.A. O. Langi for technical assistance and Dr.L. Hamilton, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, for supplying theXenopus tadpoles. We are especially grateful to the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, for supplying medium NCTC 109, and to Mr.D. J. Richmond of the Laboratories for responding to our request for medium promptly and willingly. The work is supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Great Britain.     

Cytogenetic observations inCeratitis capitata

Summary The 2n=10+XX/XY complement ofC. capitata includes3 pairs of metacentric and 2 pairs of submetacentric autosomes; theX andY chromosomes are acrocentrics. The sex chromosomes do not pair somatically during mitotic prophase, and, using the C-banding technique, band more extensively than the autosomes. Male meiosis may be achiasmate; there is no leptotene, zygotene or diplotene.Material kindly supplied by Dr.D. A. Lindquist, I.A.E.A./FAO Vienna, Austria.     

Antiviral substances in starfish

Zusammenfassung Eine Gruppe von teilweise chemisch charakterisierten Verbindungen, welche die Vermehrung des Influenza-Virus in Huhnembryo-Test verhindern, wurde aus den SeesternenAsterias forbesi, Asterias pectinifera undAcanthaster planci isoliert.

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This research was supported by the N.S.F. Sea-Grant Program. The author thanks Dr.H. W. Younken Jr. and Dr.L. R. Worthen for their encouragement and suggestions throughout this work. Thanks are also due to Dr.Hashimoto, Tokyo University, and Dr.Yasumoto, Tohoku University, for the specimen ofAsterina pectinifera, and Dr.B. M. Branham, University of Hawaii, forAcanthaster planci sample. The antiviral test was carried out by Dr.O. Liu, Northeast Shellfish Sanitation Research Center, D. H. E. W., Narragansett, Rhode Island, to whome the author expresses his sincere gratitude.     

A new simple method for rapid acquisition of chlamydospores inCandida albicans

Riassunto Viene descritto un nuovo e semplice metodo per ottenere in un tempo molto breve (6–8 ore) e con grande riproducibilità le clamidospore dallaC. albicans.

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Acknowledgements. We wish to express our gratitude to Dr.V. Ortali of the Istituto Superiore della Sanità, Rome, for supplies and classification of most of the species used in this study.     

Démonstration du caractère géographique de la parthénogénèse deSaga pedo Pallas et de sa polyploïdie,par comparaison avec les espèces bisexuéesS. ephippigera Fisch. etS. gracilipes Uvar

Summary The males of two species of Palestine,Saga ephippigera Fisch. andS. gracilipes Uvar have respectively 33 and 31 chromosomes in the diploid state.S. pedo Pallas, a parthenogenetic thelytoc species largely distributed in Europe, has 68 chromosomes and probably represents a tetraploid. The cells of the three species have identical dimensions and the polyploidS. pedo is even the smallest in size.     

Karyotypes of several frogs from Korea,Taiwan and the Philippines

Summary Rana amurensis coreana, R. plancyi chosenica, R. latouchii, R. narina andOoeidozyga laevis have 2n=26 chromosomes,R. kuhlii has 2n=22, andKaloula picta has 2n=28. Males ofR. narina have a conspicuous heteromorphic pair, No. 8, which might play a rôle in sex-determination.Supported in part by a grant from the Japan-American Scholarship Foundation.I wish to thank Dr H.K. Kim, Dr Y.-S. Liang, Dr V. Samson-Carino, Mr C.-S. Wang, Mr P.S. Lin and Mr B. Durusan for their aid in every aspect during the collecting trips.     

Effect of butyl alcohol inDatura innoxia Mill

Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung der Samen vonDatura innoxia Mill. mitn-Butylalkohol und Temperaturschock ergibt in der nächsten Generation Pflanzen, deren Samen einen höheren Alkaloidgehalt aufweisen. Das Hauptalkaloid ist Scopolamin (Hyoscin) mit einem Anteil von 50–70% am Gesamtalkaloidgehalt.

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The author is grateful to Dr. K.Ganapathi, Director, and Dr. C. K.Atal, Scientist of this Laboratory, for their interest in the work.Shri Het Singh, Dr. K. L.Dhar and MissSubash Kumari helped by analyzing the seeds which is duly acknowledged.     

Attraction of the male house fly to cuticular hydrocarbons and feces of several other dipteran species

Zusammenfassung Männchen vonMusca domestica werden von Kohlenwasserstoffextrakten aus der Cuticula weiblicherMusca domestica, M. autumnalis undHaematobia irritan angelockt (gleiche oder ähnliche Pheromone), nicht aber von entsprechenden Extrakten ausStomoxys calitrans, Glossina morsitans, G. austeni, Fannia canicularis undCochliomyia hominivorax.

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The authors thankDr. P. A. Langley, University of Bristol, for his geneous aid in providing cuticular washes and feces of tsetse flies;Dr. C. M. Jones, USDA, for face fly samples;Dr. R. L. Harris, USDA, for horn fly samples;Dr. B. G. Hightower and R. R. Grabbe, USDA, for screwworm samples andDr. W. M. Rogoff, USDA, for little house fly samples.     

Changes in the free amino acid pattern of haemolymph of the common indian scorpionPalamnaeus bengalensis during moulting

Summary Haemolymph ofPalamnaeus bengalensis contains normally 12 and during moulting up to 15 free amino acids, being in maximal number at the end of ecdysis. Aminoacidaemia is most pronounced during the pharate stage. Tyrosine appeared for tanning of the cuticle. Taurine and methionine were not present.Acknowledgment. The author is thankful to Dr.S. C. Shrivastava for valuable guidance and State C.S.I.R. (U.P.) for funds.     

Arnold Sommerfeld und Emil Wiechert

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von S. Flügge Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Friedrich Hund Zur Vollendung seines 88. Geburtstages in Dankbarkeit zugeeignet     

Tartessol,a new diterpene fromSideritis grandiflora Salzm

Résumé Un nouveau diterpène tartessol (1) a été isolé de laSideritis grandiflora Salzm. (Labiées) est sa structure est proposée comme étantent-14-acétoxy-15-beyèren-18-ol.

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Part XVIII in the series Studies on diterpenes from genusSideritis. For Part XVII seeT. G. de Quesada, B. Rodríguez andS. Valverde,Phytochemistry, in press.

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The authors thank Dr.J. Borja, Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid, for the collection and botanical classification of the plant material and Dr.Juana Bellanato, Institute of Optics, C.S.I.C., Madrid, for the high resolution IR spectra.     

The isolation of dehydrodiisoeugenol from the aril ofMyristica fragrans Houtt

Résumé On a pu isoler le déshydrodiisoeugénol de l'arille deMyristica fragrans Houtt. (fleur de muscade).

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Acknowledgments. The authors wish to express their thanks to Dr.W. D. Jamieson and MrD. Embree of the Atlantic Regional Laboratory for the mass spectroscopic data and to Dr.E. von Rudloff and Mr.W. C. Haid of the Prairie Regional Laboratory (Saskatoon) for the 100 MHz NMR data.     

Muelleromyces,a new member of the sphaeriales (ascomycetes)

Zusammenfassung Ein auf Blättern vonEugenia jambolana Lam. in Indien Blattflecken verursachender Ascomycet gehört zu einer neuen Gattung,Muelleromyces Kamat undAnahosur; Typus istMuelleromyces indicus Kamat undAnahosur. Der Pilz hat dem Blattgewebe eingesenkte, einzelstehende und von einem mächtig entwickelten Klypeus überdeckte Perithecien, verschleimende Asci und ungleich zweizellige, hyaline Ascosporen; Paraphysen fehlen.

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The fungus is named after Dr.E. Müller of The Institute of Special Botany, Zürich (Switzerland), in recognition of his outstanding contributions to Fungi in general and Ascomycetes in particular. The material of this new fungus is deposited at M.A.C.S. Herb. Poona (India), C.M.I., Kew, Surrey (England) and Herb. Orientalis, New Delhi (India).     

Pharmacological actions of 4-hydroxytryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptophan

Riassunto 5-HT e 5-HTP da una parte e 4-HT e 4-HTP dall'altra posseggono su tutti i numerosi reattivi saggiati effetti farmacologici similari i che in generale sono meno intensi ma più duraturi per i derivati 4-idrossiindolici.

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The amines and amino acids used in the present investigation were synthetized at the Farmitalia S. p. A. Research Laboratories, Milan, by Dr.C. Pasini andV. Coló.