高温超导体中的反铁磁子对声子的影响

利用包括电子－声子相互作用在内的单能带Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ模型，我们研究高温超导体中的强反铁磁自旋涨落对声子的影响。使用近反铁磁费米液体模型的磁化率，我们计算了由反铁磁子所产生的声子自能，发现声子与反铁磁子杂化而形成新的发展。     

EfectsofAntiparamagnonsonPhononsinHighTemperatureSuperconductors

利用包括电子—声子相互作用在内的单能带Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ模型，我们研究高温超导体中的强反铁磁自旋涨落（反铁磁子）对声子的影响。使用近反铁磁费米液体模型的磁化率，我们计算了由反铁磁子所产生的声子自能，发现声子与反铁磁子杂化而形成新的激发模。     

TR唯象模型中的集体激发对比热的贡献

通过计算非费米液体重费米子体系的ＴＲ唯象模型中的集体激发对比 热的贡献,发现集体激发对比热的贡献与温度的４／３次幂成正比．这说明不能从 集体激发对比热的贡献来解释在实验上观察到的电子比热系数为温度的对数函数的非费来液体行为．     

关联物质国际学术会议

正2017年10月10~13日,关联物质国际学术会议在杭州召开。会议由浙江大学关联物质研究中心组织,中心主任Frank Steglich教授和袁辉球教授任会议共同主席。本次会议共邀请了近40位国内外一流专家学者作邀请报告,内容涵盖重费米子等强关联电子体系的多个方面,包括重费米子物理、非常规超导、量子相变、近藤体系中的拓扑量子态、量子磁性与自旋液体等。会议整个流程以强关联电子体系的不同研     

重费米子体系的ARPES研究

重费米子体系是一类经典的强关联电子体系,在非常规超导、量子相变、强关联理论等方面扮演着重要的角色.重费米子化合物中的f电子在高温下形成局域的磁矩,随着温度的降低, f电子磁矩会被导带电子屏蔽,在费米能量附近形成有效质量很大的准粒子态,显著地影响着材料的物理性质.本文简要介绍角分辨光电子能谱技术在重费米子研究方面的应用,主要包括重费米子体系中f电子局域/巡游特性及转变,晶体场劈裂,不同f电子填充对杂化和基态性质的影响, f电子与导带电子的能带依赖性杂化以及f电子相关的莫特物理.     

电子气体的宏观特性与维度的关系

本文以金属中的电子气体为例,把金属中的电子气体视为高度简并的费米气体,应用费米-狄拉克分布,从分析电子气体的能量状态出发,导出了电子气体的能级密度,费米能级和化学势;对金属中一至三维电子气体的比热、泡利顺磁性、朗道逆磁性及传导特性进行了较详细的讨论,总结出了电子气体的比热、磁化率、电导、热导及洛伦兹数的计算通式;找出了维度对这些性质的影响.     

电子极化子对固体光学特性的影响

1. 引言:固体的光学特性直接关系到固体中传导电子的能量状态。固体的光学吸收带的位置和形式与固体的能带结构有关。在通常的能带计算中都是把格点上的离子当作一个刚性球。实际上原子或原子实上的正电荷核心和外电子壳层上电子云的电荷重心都是在一定程度上是可动的。传导电子既可与正电荷核心产生库仑相互作用,引起正电荷核心平衡位置的移动、产生晶格极化子的自能,也可与外电子壳层上的电子云相互作用,使电子云的电荷重心的平衡位置发生移动,产生电子极化子的自能。自能的大小等于-hωa,因电子云的本征振动频远大于晶格本征振动的频率,故与电子极化子的自能相比较可以把晶格极化子的自能忽略。考虑     

超规范对称性动力学破缺

利用Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL)机制，由不包含Fayet-Iliopoulos(F-I)项的超规范Wess-Zumino模型出发，计算并给出了由费米场和规范场的自能所决定的标量场的非零真空期待值，进而证明了超规范对称性的破缺可以通过动力学途径实现。     

极性晶体表面激子在外磁场中的性质

我们采用顾世洧研究体内激子的方法,讨论了极性晶体表面激子在法向恒定弱磁场中的性质。计及晶格振动表面模的影响,对慢激子导出了表面激子的自能、有效作用势,以及重整化质量。我们发现激子的自能不仅与电子、空穴质量比有关,而且与磁场强度有关,磁场的作用使激子的自能变大。     

溶剂效应对对苯醌CO键伸缩振动费米共振的影响

测量了对苯醌在13种溶剂中的红外光谱,用Bertran变换溶剂法验证了费米共振规律.利用KBM方程和电子给体-受体等溶剂效应模型,解释了变换溶剂法研究费米共振的机理,并给出费米共振光谱强度比(R)与溶剂介电常数(ε)的关系.     

超流费米原子气体的动力学自旋结构因子的研究

主要计算了处于Bose—Einstein-Condensation·Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer（BEC—BCS）过渡区的超流费米原子气体的动力学自旋结构因子，并研究了它与频率的依赖关系．发现当波矢q处于（0．05kF，kF）范围内时，在小于超流能隙值的频率范围内动力学自旋结构因子会呈现一个峰．我们认为这个峰是由超流能隙下的自旋激发造成的．     

氟掺杂对碳纳米管场发射特性的影响

首先建立有限长两端开口、一端封闭、两端封闭的(5,5)型单壁碳纳米管的分子模型,采用原子替代方法得到氟掺杂结构.在此基础上,利用基于局域密度泛函理论的第一原理方法对其进行几何结构优化,再计算其结合能、费米能级和电子态密度等,从而讨论氟掺杂对三种碳纳米管场发射特性的影响.计算结果表明,掺氟后三种碳纳米管的费米能级明显升高,其中一端封闭的单壁碳纳米管的费米能级成线性增大,两端封闭的单壁碳纳米管的费米能级升幅最大,且费米能级处的电子态密度较高,说明两端封闭和一端封闭的单壁碳纳米管经氟掺杂后比两端开口的单壁碳纳米管将在场发射上有着更好的应用前景.     

Fermi能级钉扎理论及ZnSnO3气敏材料表面态测定

为了进一步研究ZnSnO3气敏半导体表面的能带结构情况和电子得失情况,提出了Fermi能级钉扎理论在气敏材料开发研究中的应用．从实验出发,利用具有高表面态的FeCl2／FeCl3氧化还原对测定了ZnSnO3气敏材料的表面态与表面处导带底的相对位置．结果发现：Femli能级被钉扎在ZnSnO3表面处导带边Ecs下面约0．2eV处．其值基本上不受杂质掺入比例的影响,与掺杂剂的掺入浓度基本上无关,与工作气氛也基本上无关．从而从实验上验证了Fermi能级钉扎理论．     

Attractive and repulsive Fermi polarons in two dimensions

The dynamics of a single impurity in an environment is a fundamental problem in many-body physics. In the solid state, a well known case is an impurity coupled to a bosonic bath (such as lattice vibrations); the impurity and its accompanying lattice distortion form a new entity, a polaron. This quasiparticle plays an important role in the spectral function of high-transition-temperature superconductors, as well as in colossal magnetoresistance in manganites. For impurities in a fermionic bath, studies have considered heavy or immobile impurities which exhibit Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe and the Kondo effect. More recently, mobile impurities have moved into the focus of research, and they have been found to form new quasiparticles known as Fermi polarons. The Fermi polaron problem constitutes the extreme, but conceptually simple, limit of two important quantum many-body problems: the crossover between a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate and a superfluid with BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) pairing with spin-imbalance for attractive interactions, and Stoner's itinerant ferromagnetism for repulsive interactions. It has been proposed that such quantum phases (and other elusive exotic states) might become realizable in Fermi gases confined to two dimensions. Their stability and observability are intimately related to the theoretically debated properties of the Fermi polaron in a two-dimensional Fermi gas. Here we create and investigate Fermi polarons in a two-dimensional, spin-imbalanced Fermi gas, measuring their spectral function using momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. For attractive interactions, we find evidence for a disputed pairing transition between polarons and tightly bound dimers, which provides insight into the elementary pairing mechanism of imbalanced, strongly coupled two-dimensional Fermi gases. Additionally, for repulsive interactions, we study novel quasiparticles--repulsive polarons--the lifetime of which determines the possibility of stabilizing repulsively interacting Fermi systems.     

Vortices and superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Quantum degenerate Fermi gases provide a remarkable opportunity to study strongly interacting fermions. In contrast to other Fermi systems, such as superconductors, neutron stars or the quark-gluon plasma of the early Universe, these gases have low densities and their interactions can be precisely controlled over an enormous range. Previous experiments with Fermi gases have revealed condensation of fermion pairs. Although these and other studies were consistent with predictions assuming superfluidity, proof of superfluid behaviour has been elusive. Here we report observations of vortex lattices in a strongly interacting, rotating Fermi gas that provide definitive evidence for superfluidity. The interaction and therefore the pairing strength between two 6Li fermions near a Feshbach resonance can be controlled by an external magnetic field. This allows us to explore the crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate of molecules to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid of loosely bound pairs. The crossover is associated with a new form of superfluidity that may provide insights into high-transition-temperature superconductors.     

Controlling charges distribution at the surface of a single GaN nanowire by in-situ strain

Effect of the strain on the charge distribution at the surface of a GaN semiconductor nanowire (NW) has been investigated inside transmission electron microscope (TEM) by in-situ off-axis electron holography. The outer and inner surfaces of the NW bent axially under compression of two Au electrodes were differently strained, resulting in difference of their Fermi levels. Consequently, the free electrons flow from the high Fermi level to the low level until the two Fermi levels aligned in a line. The potential distributions induced by charge redistribution in the two vacuum sides of the bent NW were examined respectively, and the opposite nature of the bounded charges on the outer and inner surfaces of the bent NW was identified. The results provide experimental evidence that the charge distribution at the surfaces of a single GaN NW can be controlled by different strains created along the NW.     

一维 FPU 晶格模型中的孤子研究

在长波近似的条件下运用多重尺度方法对一维非线性原子链中的孤子进行了研究，将经典FPU晶格模型的运动学方程转化成了标准的非线性薛定谔方程。结果表明在一定的条件下一维非线性原子链中存在明暗孤子。     

Emergence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas

The realization of superfluidity in a dilute gas of fermionic atoms, analogous to superconductivity in metals, represents a long-standing goal of ultracold gas research. In such a fermionic superfluid, it should be possible to adjust the interaction strength and tune the system continuously between two limits: a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS)-type superfluid (involving correlated atom pairs in momentum space) and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which spatially local pairs of atoms are bound together. This crossover between BCS-type superfluidity and the BEC limit has long been of theoretical interest, motivated in part by the discovery of high-temperature superconductors. In atomic Fermi gas experiments superfluidity has not yet been demonstrated; however, long-lived molecules consisting of locally paired fermions have been reversibly created. Here we report the direct observation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate created solely by adjusting the interaction strength in an ultracold Fermi gas of atoms. This state of matter represents one extreme of the predicted BCS-BEC continuum.     

简谐势阱中理想费米气体的热力学性质

采用Thomas-Fermi半经典近似,研究了任意维简谐势阱中理想费米气体的热力学性质.解析推导出了化学势、费米能和比热的通用表达式,讨论了空间维度和势阱的影响.数值计算了二维和三维费米系统的特征热力学量,与经典极限较好地吻合.     

自洽法计算非晶硅的带隙态密度

本文叙述了一个场效应电导测量氢化非晶硅(a—Si:H)带隙态密度的数据处理方法。该法放弃了对空间电荷区电荷、电场和电势分布的任何假设,采用电子占据局域态的费米统计分布和占据扩展态的玻耳兹曼分布,应用自洽的原理,能够在较大的能量范围内计算出a-Si:H的带隙态密度分布,运算过程中以电势V为自变量,减少了对电势、电场和电荷密度等量空间分布的计算,简化了分析,提高了精度,减少了运算量。应用该法计算出了a—Si:H样品的带隙态密度在费米能级以上0.1eV到0.45 eV能量范围内的分布,它的最小值在费米能级附近,约为10~(16)cm~(-3)·eV~(-1)。