路面行驶质量水平评价标准方法研究

在回顾已有的国际平整度指数作为路面评价标准的基础上，结合上海市沥青路面行驶质量水平评价标准确定实例，提出了一种新的基于国际平整度指数路面行驶质量评价标准确定方法．选择典型沥青路面，用精密水准仪测量路段的断面高程，计算出各路段的国际平整度指数与舒适度指数，通过最小二乘法建立国际平整度指数与舒适度指数之间的回归方程，由舒适度指数与路面行驶质量水平的关系，建立以国际平整度指数作为沥青路面行驶质量水平的评价标准．     

用小波变换分析路面不平度及振动响应

运用小波变换方法，对车辆的振动响应与路面不平度的关系进行分析．根据路面样本值，运用ARMA模型建立路面不平度时间序列，建立1／2车辆平顺性模型．将路面不平度时间序列作为输入，分析汽车的振动响应．结果表明，将小波变换引入路面激励和汽车振动响应的分析中，可以清楚地了解信号的时频特性，识别车辆振动响应与路面不平度的关系，从而可以通过路面特性分析车辆平顺性能或由振动响应推断路面激励。     

国际平整度指数IRI求解过程解析

国际平整度指数IRI是评价路面平整度优劣的重要指标,基于1/4车辆模型国际平整度指数的理论推导,推导出其动力平衡方程的建立方法,并给出了动力平衡方程的多种求解方法。     

路面行驶质量差异的当量出行时间费用

以国际平整度指数为中间指标,构建路面行驶质量指数与出行时间费用之间的定量关系,给出路面行驶质量变化带来的当量出行时间费用差异.通过已有四分之一车模型的动力方程,以高速公路为研究对象,对选定的50条道路在13个速度下的国际平整度指数进行仿真计算.以国际平整度指数为中间指标,利用已有不同速度下平整度指数与行驶质量指数的关系,给出每条道路在不同速度下的行驶质量指数.以80km·h-1的路面行驶质量指数为基准,给出了路面行驶质量指数差异与达到相同行驶质量时的行驶车速差异之间的关系.分析结果表明,两者具有良好的相关性.路面行驶质量变化对出行时间费用有显著影响,在出行选择行为分析、道路维修养护效益评估等相关研究中应予以考虑.     

AR谱在路谱测试中的应用

路面平整度是指路面对于理想平面的偏移，它具有影响车辆动力性、行驶质量和路面动力载荷三者的数字特征，路面平整度的统计规律研究是汽车振动与平顺性的重要基础工作之一。路谱是对路面平整度的一种重要描述方式。当把汽车近似看作为线性系统处理时，掌握了输入的路面不平度功率谱以及在车辆系统的动态性就可求出汽车振动系统的输出。     

行车动荷载作用下路面平整度的预估

以正弦曲线模拟路面表面,建立了车辆振动模型,给出了车辆在不平整沥青路面上行驶时产生动荷载的计算方法及在动荷载作用下路面平整度的预估方法,并结合某高速公路路面平整度进行了检测。结果表明,给出的计算和预估方法可靠,为分析路面平整度的发展变化规律提供了一定的理论基础,为评价沥青路面的使用性能及路面的维修养护提供了技术支持。     

沥青混凝土路面不平整原因及其处理的措施

沥青混凝土路面以其优良的平顺性广泛用于高等级公路和城市道路,沥青路面的平整度是评定路面质量和使用性能的主要指标之一,公路等级越高,对路面平整度的要求也越高。路面平整度,不但直接关系到行车的安全,还会影响车辆的燃料消耗、轮胎磨损、运输时效及其他经济指标。而且路面不平整会导致车辆对路面冲击、振动,反过来加速路面的损坏。影响沥青混凝土路面平整度的因素很多,每一环节甚至微小失误都会造成平整度指标降低。在这里主要从路面的机械配置、施工工艺等各方面对平整度影响因素做一简要分析并提出相应的处理措施。     

基于实测高程和整车模型的沥青路面平整度力学预估方法

为准确预估沥青路面平整度的发展以确定其预防性养护的时机,考虑沥青路面永久变形与车辆动荷载的相互促进作用,建立沥青路面平整度理论预估方法。在车辆动力学仿真软件TruckSim中,考虑车辆的倾覆、转动以及轮胎的特性,采用Convey Van整车模型,公路中线设置为直线,根据输入的中线各点的高程数据得到其真实断面,路面的摩阻系数设置为常数,分析了以80km/h速度行驶的车辆对沥青路面施加的动荷载,并根据沥青路面永久变形进行轴载的等效换算。利用BISAR软件,采用分层总和法计算路面的永久变形。将实测的路面高程数据减去路面的永久变形量,即为一年后的路面高程,每年重复以上的过程。对于1/4车辆模型,采用传递矩阵法,计算出了变量传递矩阵和系数矩阵,结合VB程序计算得出沥青路面每年的国际平整度指数。综合以上过程,给出了平整度预估步骤和算例。结果表明:变量传递矩阵和系数矩阵的误差在容许的范围内,考虑动荷载和永久变形的相互促进作用建立沥青路面平整度预估模型是可行的,路面的平整度逐年变差且平整度衰减的速率逐年变大;该力学预估方法基于路面高程模型和车辆模型,与实际工况比较吻合,预估结果准确可靠,有助于准确确定沥青路面预防性养护的时机。     

基于Matlab分析的路面平整度控制方法

为了在摊铺过程中控制和实现路面的平整度要求，从路面平整度的均方差评价指标及其测量方法出发，用Matlab开发了相应的模拟计算程序，分析了平整度均方差值与理想的正弦波形不平整路面的波长、幅值之间的定量关系，并根据车辆与路面相互作用时的行驶舒适性要求，确定了平整度指标、路面状态参数以及行驶舒适性三者之间的定量关系。分析结果给出了既满足给定的平整度指标又满足行驶舒适性要求的路面波长与幅值的取值范围，从而为定量控制路面平整度提供了一种新思路和方法。     

沥青路面平整度的影响因素及施工控制

沥青路面的平整度是评定路面质量和使用性能的主要指标之一，不但直接关系到行车的安全，还会影响车辆的燃料消耗、轮胎磨损等。通过对影响平整度因素的分析，加强施工中的平整度质量控制，提高沥青路面的平整度质量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the