日本基础研究领域国际合作态势的文献计量分析

本文以科学引文索引数据库扩展版收录的、日本发表于2004～2008年的国际合著论文为研究对象，通过对论文在学科领域分布、国家分布、机构分布等方面的文献计量分析，揭示了过去5年来日本在基础研究领域所开展的国际合作的基本表现与特征。     

为祖国和民族的繁荣昌盛携手合作，共同努力

香港将在和平与发展的国际环境中，在祖国改革开放发展进程中，更进一步依据其资讯、区位、人文优势，为中国、为亚洲乃至世界经济的发展发挥特殊作用。香港和内地的合作，我院与香港大学、科研机构和企业社团之间的合作有着广泛的前景。     

全球磁浮交通发展态势、前景展望及对中国的建议

磁浮交通是一种有别于传统轮轨技术的新型轨道交通模式,具有加速快、适应性强、能耗低、环境友好等特点。经过近半个世纪的研发,国际上已形成两种较成熟、可商业运行的技术路线,近年来还创新发展了多种面向不同应用场景的技术思路。本文梳理和分析了主要国家磁浮交通发展的战略布局和发展现状,利用文献计量学和文本挖掘方法,对磁浮交通领域国际技术竞争格局和研究热点进行了揭示,综述了近年来磁浮交通研究进展。研究表明,中国作为磁浮交通领域后起之秀,已具备较强的竞争实力,未来或将与日本共同引领全球磁浮交通发展。建议中国继续完善现有磁浮交通技术体系,加强前瞻性技术储备;突出自主研发优势,加强重点专利国际布局;持续开展官产学研合作,积极推动磁浮技术走出去。     

量子信息领域的国家战略布局与研发态势分析

近年来,以量子计算、量子通信和量子测量为代表的量子信息领域持续活跃,已经成为基础研究探索、颠覆性技术创新以及未来产业变革的重要发展方向,因此明晰量子信息领域的发展态势,对于我国建设世界科技强国具有重要价值。本文首先介绍了量子信息领域的相关概念与研究现状,其次分析了美国、欧盟、英国、日本、中国的量子战略布局,最后结合论文与专利的多维度计量分析,展示了量子信息领域的研发态势。研究发现：当前量子信息领域正处于迅猛发展阶段,国际科技强国都高度重视在该领域的政策布局、资金投入、人才引育和国际合作等,其中美国最具优势;中国在量子通信及量子计算领域基本跻身核心位置,未来还需要加速实施量子信息领域战略部署、积极引聚育留量子信息科技人才、深度推进量子领域产学研协同创新等。     

俄罗斯科技对外合作态势与中国当前对俄科技合作对策

科技全球化伴随着经济全球化而来，已经成为不可阻挡的时代潮流，迫切要求中国与俄罗斯加大科技合作力度，为此首先要研究俄罗斯科技对外合作态势，主要表现为：适应国内外科学技术发展的实际情况，确定对外科技合作的长期战略目标；积极加强对外科技合作的政策安排，采取有效形式推进对外科技合作事业；对外科技合作事业全面展开，注重依据利益原则分层次地加以推进。我们掌握俄罗斯对外科技合作进程，才能使中国及早采取相应的操作对策，把对俄科技合作放在重要位置，采取激励政策提高对俄罗斯科技合作水平，按照国际规则来加强科技合作，在分配知识产权时保障创造性利益，切实加强企业之间的科技交流与合作，从而推动科技合作与经贸合作紧密地结合起来。     

不确定条件下纵向研发合作的投资决策研究

针对一个存在两个上游企业和两个下游企业的双层市场结构,对上下游企业实施纵向研发合作策略下的产量和利润进行了研究。并考虑了研发固有的不确定性和溢出效应的影响,从企业是否进行研发以及进行多大程度的研发两个方面,研究上下游企业实施纵向研发合作的投资决策。并在此基础上,探讨了企业研发成本分担比例和违约赔偿。     

劳动密集型行业政企合作带动地方就业的模式创新研究——基于京沪高速铁路项目新型用工模式改革的启示

通过分析铁路建设行业在京沪高速铁路项目中试点的用工模式改革，探讨了新形势下工程施工企业与地方政府合作，建立高效的人力资源供给体系的可行性与策略，认为该合作体系既解决企业对人才和劳务的需求，又规范了当地市场秩序带动了就业。最后指出这种通过对劳动密集型行业的用工模式进行改革进而增强其吸纳就业的形式是成功的。     

我国与中东欧国家科研合作态势研究

中东欧国家是“一带一路”倡议融入欧洲的重要承接带,科技创新合作已经成为我国与中东欧国家合作的重要内容。本文以2011—2020年InCites数据库收录的我国与中东欧16国发表的国际合作论文为研究对象,通过文献计量和数据统计方法,从合作规模、合作国别、合作学科、合作机构等4个方面,揭示近10年我国与中东欧16国开展科研合作的变化趋势,并提出后续深化合作的对策建议,为加强我国与中东欧16国科研合作提供参考依据。分析表明我国与中东欧16国科研合作呈现以下特点：1)合作规模稳步增长,各国合作程度差异显著、合作论文数量呈现“梯队式”分布,波兰位居首位。2)合作学科领域以理学学科为主,7个主要合作学科领域中有4个理学学科、2个医学学科和1个工学学科;各国合作学科领域相似度较高,物理学和天文学是最主要的合作学科领域,临床医学、化学、材料科学与工程、生物学、基础医学等5个学科领域是热点合作学科领域;3)主要合作机构集中在具有较强科研实力的高校和科研院所,且以高校为主;我国排名前5的合作机构是清华大学、北京大学、中国科学院高能物理研究所、中国科学院大学和中国科学技术大学;我国机构合作尚不均衡。对此,提...     

以色列国际科技合作的经费投入与管理机制

本文阐述了国际科技合作对于以色列的科技进步和高技术产业发展所发挥的重要作用，系统分析了以色列政府投入国际科技合作的经费构成以及双边科技合作基金的管理机制，对以色列开发国际科技合作的成功经验进行了总结，并针对我国筹建国际科技合作基金的需要，提出了若干对策建议。     

从文献计量看世界纳火研究的发展状况

依据SCI1996-2000年的纳米科技论文数据，统计和分析了世界各国纳米论文发表及合作研究情况；提出了纳米论文高产的世界高校、研究和企业前50名；纳米论文的国际期刊分布；对我国的纳米研究状况与世界部分国家（地区）的情况进行了对比分析。     

Divergence of values and goals in participatory research

Public participation in scientific research has gained prominence in many scientific fields, but the theory of participatory research is still limited. In this paper, we suggest that the divergence of values and goals between academic researchers and public participants in research is key to analyzing the different forms this research takes. We examine two existing characterizations of participatory research: one in terms of public participants' role in the research, the other in terms of the virtues of the research. In our view, each of these captures an important feature of participatory research but is, on its own, limited in what features it takes into account. We introduce an expanded conception of norms of collaboration that extends to both academic researchers and public participants. We suggest that satisfying these norms requires consideration of the two groups' possibly divergent values and goals, and that a broad characterization of participatory research that starts from participants' values and goals can motivate both public participants’ role in the research and the virtues of the research. The resulting framework clarifies the similarities and differences among participatory projects and can help guide the responsible design of such projects.     

城市垃圾处理厂市场化运营模式分析

城市垃圾处理是当今的一大难题，在具体实践中已积累了丰富的经验并形成了不同的市场化模式。本文从融资、运营效率及效果、政府职能几个方面对几种垃圾处理模式进行对比分析，并针对我国的具体国情提出对策和建议。     

Transplantations interspécifiques de gonades embryonnaires de Phasianidés

Summary When indifferent gonads from red-legged partridges, Japanese quail or pintado embryos were transplanted into the coelomic cavity of early chick embryos, they differentiated into ovaries and testes, regardless of the sex of the host. Testicular transplants brought about the retrogression of both Müllerian ducts in female hosts, and ovarian transplants the feminization of the left testis in male hosts. This demonstrates hormonal activity of the embryonic gonads in the 3 species under study. Since the embryonic sex hormones show inter-specific activity, they may be of identical chemical nature.

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Avec la collaboration technique deA. Zeis.     

An overview of climate change impacts on the society in China

Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.     

An overview of climate change impacts on the society in China

Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.     

基于网络的可信软件大规模协同开发与演化

随着网络时代的来临,软件的开发模式、运行环境和提供方式发生了巨大变化.互联网作为一种开放的协同工作环境,其中孕育的大规模协同创作机理对软件开发和应用产生了深刻影响.如何将其与工业化可信软件生产相结合以提高软件生产效率和质量,是网络时代软件技术面临的新课题.本文提出汇聚群体智慧的可信软件开发新方法——群体化方法,该方法的核心是"群体协同、资源分享、运行监控、可信分析",支持创新软件作品向可信软件产品转化,支持软件的可信演化.提出一种基于证据的可信软件概念模型,将软件在开发阶段、分享阶段和应用阶段的基础数据作为软件的可信证据,并据此建立了软件演化过程模型;提出一种支持可信软件协同开发与演化的服务模型,支持软件创作与生产深度协同的可信软件社会化生产、开放有序的可信软件资源分享,以及基于海量数据分析的软件可信评估.最后以"十一五"国家高技术研究发展计划重点项目"高可信软件生产工具及集成环境"为背景,阐述了面向群体化方法的关键技术、开发环境和应用实践.     

日元汇率波动及对华直接投资影响的实证研究

使用1989～2007年日本对我国8个制造业部门的外商直接投资数据和日元对人民币汇率数据，采用面板数据的GLS回归分析。研究发现：日元汇率波动对日本对华直接投资的影响存在显著的行业效应，具体为，日元升值显著促进日本时我国8个制造业部门的直接投资，日元贬值则抑制直接投资，且各行业间的影响程度有差别；日元汇率波动性对每个行业的影响均是负的，且对电子与运输设备行业的影响是显著的。     

浅析日本独立行政法人研究机构研究资金的来源和用途

政府是日本独立行政法人研究机构研究资金的首要来源,因此,本文主要介绍和分析独立行政法人研究机构从政府获得的研究资金种类和用途,供相关人士参考.     

The plague fighter: Wu Lien-teh and the beginning of the Chinese public health system

At the end of 1910, when the Qing dynasty was on the verge of collapse and the whole Chinese empire in a process of transformation, North Manchuria was devastated by a large pneumonic plague epidemic. The Russian and Japanese governments wanted to use the outbreak of the disease as a pretext to invade north-east China, making plague an issue of international politics. At this dramatic moment the empire relied on the skills of the young Chinese doctor Wu Lien-teh, the first Chinese medical graduate from Cambridge. Wu investigated the disease on the spot, chaired an international plague conference in Shenyang (Manchuria) in April 1911, and, later on, became the figurehead of fundamental public health reforms in Republican China. Highly ambitious, striving for personal fame and international renown for China, supported by an excellent network of personal connections, and equipped with a medical training considered the best in the world at the time, he launched on a startling career as one of China's key medical reformers and international representatives. His history is an example of the inseparable links between personal fate and historical events, and between the interests of scientists, medical men, politicians, and businessmen on the national and international stages.     

Trading zones and interactional expertise

The phrase ‘trading zone’ is often used to denote any kind of interdisciplinary partnership in which two or more perspectives are combined and a new, shared language develops. In this paper we distinguish between different types of trading zone by asking whether the collaboration is co-operative or coerced and whether the end-state is a heterogeneous or homogeneous culture. In so doing, we find that the voluntary development of a new language community—what we call an inter-language trading zone—represents only one of four possible configurations. In developing this argument we show how different modes of collaboration result in different kinds of trading zone, how different kinds of trading zone may be ‘nested’ inside each other and discuss how a single collaboration might move between different kinds of trading zone over time. One implication of our analysis is that interactional expertise is a central component of at least one class of trading zone.