LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合正极材料的制备与电化学性能研究

以氧化铁为铁源,通过简单的固相碳热法制备LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合正极粉体材料.利用XRD和SEM表征LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合材料的结构和表面形貌.利用EIS、CV和充放电测试实验测量LiFePO4-MWCNTs复合材料的电化学性能.XRD结果显示复合材料为橄榄石型的磷酸铁锂纯相,多壁碳管在正极材料中将颗粒相连,增加导电面积,形成三维网络结构,为颗粒之间提供附加的导电通道.通过添加质量分数为5%的多壁碳管的方法对LiFePO4正极材料导电通道进行改善.在0.5C充放电速率下首次放电比容量可以达到151.6mAh/g,充放电50次后,放电比容量还能保持在145.5mAh/g,在1C充放电速率下比容量保持在140mAh/g,2C时比容量保持在130mAh/g.随着充放电速率的增加,锂离子电池的性能也更加优越.     

共沉淀-微波法合成LiFePO4/C正极材料

采用共沉淀-微波法,利用自制加料装置合成了橄榄石型LiFePO4/C. 利用SEM、交流阻抗及恒流充放电技术对样品进行形貌表征和电化学性能测试. 结果表明微波8min样品具有均匀结构和较好电化学性能;0.2 C充放电表明,首次放电比容量157.81 mAh/g,53周循环后仍为156.15 mAh/g,材料具有良好的循环性能;1C充放电时,第一次放电容量为136.30 mAh/g,经20周循环后容量没有明显衰减,材料的倍率性能较佳.     

锂离子电池LiFePO4/聚并苯复合正极材料的合成与改性研究

通过固相法合成了LiFePO4 /聚并苯(PAS)复合材料.纯的LiFePO4电导率仅为(0.1～1)×10-9 S/cm,合成LiFePO4/PAs复合材料电导率为2.0 S/cm,复合材料的电导率提高了10个数量级.LiFePO4/PAS复合材料具有优异的电化学性能,在室温1C倍率下首次放电容量为140 mA·h/g,经过200次循环后容量仍保持最初容量的97.14%.说明通过包覆PAS材料极大地提高了LiFePO4的大电流充、放电容量和循环性能.     

微波合成锂离子电池正极复合材料LiFePO4/C电化学性能

采用微波合成技术合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4,并进行碳掺杂,合成出复合材料LiFePO4/C.通过XRD,SEM和恒电流充放电实验,研究了材料结构形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,掺碳量4%时,采用40mA/g进行充放电,材料比容量可以达到109mAh/g,高倍率性能也有一定程度的提高.     

碳掺杂磷酸铁锂的合成及其电化学性能

采用固相合成法制备了碳掺杂的LiFePO4复合正极材料,用XRD、SEM、激光粒度分布仪等对其进行了表征,并将其组装成实验电池利用电化学工作站及充放电测试等对样品的电化学性能进行了研究分析.结果表明,LiFePO4/C具有单一的橄榄石晶体结构,少量的碳掺杂能显著改善其电化学性能,LiFePO4/C样品的粒度较小且分布均匀,0.1 C首次放电比容量为141.8 mAh/g,循环50次后容量衰减了7.69%.图6,参8.     

不同碳源对LiFePO4/C复合材料性能的影响

通过高温固相法,采用不同的碳源合成了LiFePO4/C复合材料,对以LiFePO4/C为正极的电池进行循环性能测试,通过对首次放电容量曲线和不同倍率条件下容量衰减曲线的分析,深入研究了葡萄糖和乙炔黑的不同碳包覆效果. 结果表明,单一葡萄糖碳源制备的LiFePO4/C材料首次放电容量为125.07 mAh/g,以0.5 C倍率循环20次后容量保持率为91.27%.     

Fe2 P对LiFePO4/C复合材料性能的影响

采用固相法合成LiFePO4和LiFePO4/C复合材料,研究了蔗糖分解的碳包覆对LiFePO4材料性能的影响.XRD检测纯LiFePO4为单一的橄榄石相,而LiFePO4/C复合材料中出现高导电物质Fe2P相;SEM显示样品的粒径均在1μm以下,包覆碳样品的晶粒更小,但出现团聚现象.此方法合成的纯LiFePO4初始容量高达136.6 mAh/g.Fe2P的存在使LiFePO4材料的大电流放电能力得到提高.     

不同锂源和碳源对RAPET法合成LiFePO_4/C的影响

以自制的磷酸铁作为铁源和磷源,用高温自生压力法（即RAPET法）合成了LiFe-PO4/C复合材料,分别比较了以葡萄糖、蔗糖或柠檬酸为碳源和以碳酸锂或氢氧化锂为锂源所得LiFePO4/C复合材料电化学性能的影响。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、循环伏安（CV）、交流阻抗（EIS）和充放电测试等方法,分别对样品的晶型和电化学性能等进行了表征和分析。结果表明：以柠檬酸为碳源、碳酸锂为锂源制备的LiFePO4/C复合材料电化学性能更优异,首次放电比容量达到166.1mAh/g。     

真空合成锂离子电池LiFePO4/C正极材料及其电化学性能研究

以氢氧化锂为锂源,在真空条件下合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4.采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对样品进行表征,并对其进行电化学交流阻抗（EIS）、循环伏安（CV）和恒流充放电等电化学性能测试,并与以碳酸锂为锂源制得的材料进行比较.结果表明：两种锂源在真空条件下合成的LiFePO4均具有单一的橄榄石相,而以氢氧化锂为锂源所得的材料粒度更小且分布更均匀,比容量更高.此外,以氢氧化锂为锂源时,通过在原料预烧后的前驱体中引入碳源得到的LiFePO4/C复合正极材料在0.2 C和1.0 C时的首次放电容量分别为138.4 mAh/g和126.8mAh/g,循环30次后仍能分别释放出135.6 mAh/g和123.9 mAh/g的可逆容量.     

核/壳纳米LiFePO4/C正极材料的制备及其性能

采用原位聚合控制结晶法,Fe3+既为沉淀剂又为聚合反应的催化剂,在FePO4核外聚合聚吡咯合成纳米FePO4/PPy前躯体.以FePO4/PPy为铁源,葡萄糖为碳源,高温热处理制备核/壳纳米LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料.并结合X线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和充放电测试、循环伏安等手段对合成材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征.研究结果表明:在FePO4核外聚合PPy能有效抑制LiFePO4颗粒的生长,制得核/壳型纳米LiFePO4/C正极材料;该材料具有良好的电化学性能,在0.1C,0.2C,0.5C和1.0C倍率下的放电比容量分别为149,143,133和129 mA·h/g,且循环性能优异.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-