Dendritic and spherical crystal reinforced metallic glass matrix composites

Zr-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites (BMGMCs) with a composition of Zr_60.0Ti_14.7Nb_5.3Cu_5.6Ni_4.4Be_10.0 (at%) were fabricated by an innovative process, i.e., semisolid processing plus Bridgman solidification. Different morphologies, distributions, and volume fractions of the crystalline phases can be achieved by tailoring the withdrawal velocity. The largest fracture strain of Zr_60.0Ti_14.7Nb_5.3Cu_5.6Ni_4.4Be_10.0(at%) composites with the withdrawal velocity of 1.0 mm/s was found to be 16.7%. The mechanism of plasticity improvement is mainly attributed to the interpenetrated structure of the crystalline phase, which greatly confines the rapid propagation of shear bands.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> synthesis of TiC reinforced Cu<Subscript>47</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>34</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>11</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript> bulk metallic glass composites

In situ synthesized TiC particles and β-Ti dendrites reinforced Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 bulk metallic glass (BMG) composite ingots were prepared by the suction casting method.The ingots with diameters from 1 up to 4mm were successfully obtained. It was shown that introducing TiC micro-sized particles into the amorphous matrix did not disturb the glass forming ability (GFA) of the matrix,while the yield strength and ductility could be well improved.The phase constitution, microstructure and elements distribution in the composites were studied by OM, XRD, SEM and EDS.It was shown that the in situ synthesized TiC particles acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites promoted the precipitation of β-Ti dendrites, resulting in the formation of the TiC particles and β-Ti dendrites co-reinforced BMG composites. The compressive tests were employed to probe the yield strength and ductility of BMG composites.     

Synthesis of γ-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Au magnetic composites for immobilization of bovine serum albumin

A method for the two-step synthesis of magnetic composites with a γ-Fe₂O₃ core, silica inner layer and numerous gold nanoparticles supported on the surface of the silica (γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au) is described. First, thiol-functionalized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites and gold colloids are prepared by modifying γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites with mercaptosilane and reduction of Au³⁺ to Au⁰ with citrate, respectively. Gold nanoparticles are then assembled on the surface of the thiol-functionalized γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ composites to form γFe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au composites. The structure of the composite particles is confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Immobilization studies with bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrate that the γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂/Au composites can be used to immobilize BSA, making them useful for biomedical and biological applications.     

碳酸钙填充β-成核PP复合材料的力学性能

为研究β-晶对碳酸钙填充PP复合材料力学性能的影响,该文采用负载β-成核剂的纳米碳酸钙(β-CC)混合纳米碳酸钙(CC)或微米碳酸钙(WC)填充PP制备了β-PP复合材料及其PP-g-MA、POE-g-MA和EVA-g-MA作为相容剂的增容复合材料。力学性能研究结果表明,随着CC和WC用量增加,PP拉伸强度降低、模量提高;β-CC填充PP复合材料模量提高,拉伸强度变化不大。PP-g-MA增容提高填充PP复合材料拉伸强度、杨氏模量和冲击强度;POE-g-MA增容明显提高冲击强度,EVA-g-MA增容降低拉伸性能。β-CC/PP复合材料冲击强度随着β-CC用量增加而提高,β-CC/CC/PP和β-CC/WC/PP冲击强度高于CC/PP(w(CC)/w(PP)=5/95)和WC/PP(w(WC)/w(PP)=5/95)复合材料归结于高韧性β-晶形成。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of directionally solidified multi-element Nb-Si alloy

Nb-Si system in-situ composites with nominal composition of Nb-21Ti-16Si-7Cr-3Al-2Hf(mole fraction,%) were prepared by directional solidification technology in an optical floating zone furnace at the growth rates of 3,5,8 and 12 mm/h.The microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the growth rate.The results show that the solidification microstructures consist of Nb solid solution(Nbss),α-Nb_5Si_3 andβ-Nb_5Si_3.Silicides with high aspect ratio grow continuously and straig...     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al₂O₃-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases Al₂O₃ and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

氮化硼纤维填充聚乙烯醇导热复合材料的制备

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为基体,选用六方氮化硼纤维（BN fiber）作为导热填料,通过溶液共混的方法制备导热复合材料。结合X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及导热测试结果,探究填料的微观形貌以及与基体的界面相容性对于提升复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：BN fiber对于提升复合材料的面内导热率有很好的效果,而且采用过氧化氢（H₂O₂）溶液进行表面改性,可以有效改善界面相容性;当经过1 400℃热处理再经过表面改性的BN fiber（BN fiber-1400-H₂O₂）的填充量为5%（质量分数）时,复合材料的面内导热率达到了1.32 W·m^-1·K^-1,为纯PVA体系的629%,相比于表面改性前提升了60%。     

基于真空烧结的Al-B4C中子吸收材料的制备及性能研究

B₄C是一种常见的中子吸收材料,采用真空烧结的方法制备不同成分配比的Al-B₄C复合材料,并对材料的微观组织,力学性能进行分析,研究结果表明:基体Al相和增强相B₄C颗粒之间分布比较均匀,气孔裂纹等缺陷较少,复合材料抗拉强度,屈服强度,断后伸长率随着碳化硼含量的增加逐渐减小,复合材料的断裂方式既有B₄C颗粒的解理断裂,也有铝基体的韧性撕裂,以B₄C颗粒的断裂和拔出为主,是韧性断裂与脆性断裂综合作用的结果.     

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped 3D-ultrathin CoS2 nanoflakes as an absorbing material with enhanced microwave absorption

Novel 3D-ultrathin CoS₂ nanoflakes wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (CoS₂/RGO) were successfully prepared via a facile method. The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microwave absorption properties of the CoS₂/RGO composites were also investigated. The composites exhibited optimal microwave absorption properties at a CoS₂/RGO loading of 20 ?wt.% in paraffin matrix, with a reflection loss (R_L) value of ?36.5 ?dB at 12.1 ?GHz and a thickness of 2.0 ?mm. Furthermore, CoS₂/RGO composites have an excellent absorption bandwidth (reflection loss below ?10 dB) of 6.5 ?GHz. The results indicate that the RGO-wrapped 3D-ultrathin CoS₂ nanoflakes have a broad microwave absorption bandwidth, strong absorption, and are the candidates for the application as the advanced microwave absorbers.     

A bulk metal/ceramic composite material with a cellular structure

Metal/ceramic composite materials can be divided into two groups: one is ceramic reinforced metal matrix composite, and the other is metal toughened ceramic matrix composite. The research on these materials mainly focuses on the mechanical properties due …     

Magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric res ponses in TbxDy1-xFe2-y alloy ＆ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3 crystal laminated composites

Measured results of magnetoelectric （ME） and converse magnetoelectric （CME） effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y （TD/PMNT/TD） and PMNT/TD/PMNT laminated composites are presented. ME effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-generated AC field biased by a DC field （0-1 kOe） （1Oe = 79.58 A/m）. The CME effect was measured by recording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the ME sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PMNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The ME and CME responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of ME coefficients in TD/PMNT/TD and PMNT/TD/PMNT composites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CME coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V （1 G=10^-4 T）, respectively.     

Low cycle fatigue behavior of micro-grain casting K4169 superalloy at room temperature

The strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests were carried out at 298 K for the newly developed micro-grain casting K4169 superalloy,and the cyclic stress response,deformation and fracture behaviors of the alloy were studied.The results show that the fatigue life of the alloy was increased by more than two times compared with other casting K4169 alloys.This can be partly attributed to grain refinement impeding crack initiation and propagation.When the strain amplitude was in plastic range(Δε     

Supramolecular self-assembly of nickel (Ⅱ)-substituted α-Keggin-type polyoxometalate and polyaniline coated Fe2O3 hollow nanospindle for microwave absorption application

A general strategy has been developed here to supramolecular self-assembly of nickel (Ⅱ)-substituted α-Keggin-type polyoxometalate and polyaniline coated Fe₂O₃ hollow nanospindle (Fe₂O₃ hollow nanospindle@PANI/α-SiW₁₁Ni composites) via electrostatic attraction and hydrothermal method. Fe³⁺ was first hydrolyzed and polymerized into Fe₂O₃, then dissolved into [Fe(H₂PO₄)_x]^3?x, resulting in hollow structure. The polyoxometalate existed in polyaniline as a proton-doped counter-ion form, rather than as a separate crystalline state. The protons and anions entered the PANI main chain and combined with N atoms of amines and imines on the PANI chain ((-NH^?+ ?= ?)/α-[SiW₁₁Ni(H₂O)O₃₉]^6-) to form poles and bipolar delocalization into π bonds of the whole polyaniline molecular chain, which leaded to conductance and polarization. The Fe₂O₃ hollow nanospindle@PANI/α-SiW₁₁Ni composites were proven to be excellent microwave absorber in terms of reflection loss (R_L) and bandwidth. The maximum R_L value was up to ?53.6 ?dB at 3.5 ?mm and 6.9 ?GHz. The broadest absorption bandwidth exceeding ?10 dB was 6.3 ?GHz at a thickness of only 1.9 ?mm. Moreover, the ternary composites presented obvious multi-band absorption with the matching thickness range of 1.5–5 ?mm. The absorption peaks bandwidth reached as wide as 14.3 ?GHz, which included all C-Ku bands. The hollow and core-shell structures could provide non-uniform interface for the induced polarization loss and space for the reflecting and scattering of microwave. The carrier, pair-ion carrier and hydrogen bond network could lead to conduction loss. The magnetic losses were caused by eddy current effect and natural resonance. This work can lay a theoretical foundation for the design and performance regulation of new absorbing materials.     

Carbon-nitrogen/graphene composite as metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Sheet-like carbon-nitrogen (CNx)/graphene composites with a high content of nitrogen (x≤0.15) was prepared by the carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) composite at 600-800°C. We used rGO instead of graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a template and a substrate to immobilize PPy since the PPy/GO composite agglomerates easily because of the dehydration of excess oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets during the drying process. The dried PPy/rGO intermediate and its derived CNx/graphene products retain their high dispersion and loose-powder features. The as-prepared CNx/graphene composites have a total nitrogen content of about 10 at% and their nitrogen state is mainly of pyridinic and graphitic type. CNx/graphene composites exhibit excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning, suggesting their potential as metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR.     

Mechanical, deformation and fracture behaviors of bulk metallic glass composites reinforced by spherical B2 particles

Ti_(45)Cu_(40)Ni_7Zr_5Sn_(2.5)Si_(0.5) alloys were prepared under various cooling rate conditions during solidification.The alloys exhibited different volume fractions of B2 particles with 0～40 vol%in an amorphous matrix.Monolithic bulk metallic glass of 1 mm diameter showed no macroscopic plasticity and exhibited the typical vein patterns in a maximum shear stress plane on the fracture surface.However,a bulk metallic glass composite containing the B2 particles revealed obvious plasticity(～5.6%)with a remarkable work-hardening behavior that resulted from a stress-induced martensitic transformation of the B2 particles.Moreover,the composite displayed the complicated fracture morphologies containing of three types of fracture features.Through detailed investigations on the microstructural evolution,mechanical,deformation and fracture characteristics,the influence of B2 particle on overall behavior of the TiCu-based bulk metallic glass composites was elucidated.     

Effect of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors

The microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors with the SiO₂ content in the range of 0–1.00mol% were prepared by a solid reaction route. The varistors were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that the average grain size of ZnO decreases with the SiO₂ content increasing. A new second phase (Zn₂SiO₄) and a glass phase (Bi₂SiO₅) are found. Element Si mainly exists in the grain boundary and plays an important role in controlling the Bi₂O₃ vaporization. The electric measurement shows that the incorporation of SiO₂ can significantly improve the nonlinear properties of ZnO-based varistors, and the nonlinear coefficients of the varistors with SiO₂ are in the range of 36.8–69.5. The varistor voltage reaches the maximum value of 463 V/mm and the leakage current reaches the minimum value of 0.11 μA at the SiO₂ content of 0.75mol%.     

High-temperature mechanical properties and deformation behavior of high Nb containing TiAl alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering

A high Nb containing TiAl alloy was prepared from the pre-alloyed powder of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2B-0.2W-0.02Y (at%) by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Its high-temperature mechanical properties and compressive deformation behavior were investigated in a temperature range of 700 to 1050℃ and a strain rate range of 0.002 to 0.2 s-1. The results show that the high-temperature mechanical properties of the high Nb containing TiAl alloy are sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate, and the sensitivity to strain rate tends to rise with the deformation temperature increasing. The hot workability of the alloy is good at temperatures higher than 900℃, while fracture occurs at lower temperatures. The flow curves of the samples compressed at or above 900℃ exhibit obvious flow softening after the peak stress. Under the deformation condition of 900-1050℃ and 0.002-0.2 s-1, the interrelations of peak flow stress, strain rate, and deformation temperature follow the Arrhenius' equation modified by a hyperbolic sine function with a stress exponent of 5.99 and an apparent activation energy of 441.2 kJ·mol-1.     

Synthesis,structure and mechanical properties of Zr-Cu-based bulk metallic glass composites

The unusual glass-forming ability (GFA) of the Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Ag₈Al₈ alloy and the high ductility of the Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Ag₈Al₈ metallic glass-matrix composites containing Ta powder were reported. The bulk metallic glass rod with a diameter of 25 mm was successfully synthesized using copper mold casting for the Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Ag₈Al₈ alloy. High GFA of this alloy was found to be related to a large supercooled liquid region and a quaternary eutectic point with low melting temperature. The bulk metallic glass matrix composites were prepared by introducing extra Ta particles into the Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Ag₈Al₈ melt. The composites consist of Ta particles homogenously distributed in the Zr₄₈Cu₃₆Al₈Ag₈ metallic glass matrix. The optimum content of Ta powder is 10at% for the composite with the highest plasticity, which shows a plastic strain of 31%.     

Characteristics of stemflow for sand-fixed shrubs in Mu Us sandy land, Northwest China

Little work has been done on stemflow for desert shrubs in China. This study measured stemflow in two shrubs of Salix psammophila C. Wang et Chang Y. Yang and Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch in Mu Us sandy land and established a relationship between stemflow and canopy characteristics, rainfall amount and intensity. During the experimental period, the amount of stemflow for S. psammophila and A. sphaerocephala accounted for 7.6% and 2.7% of the gross rainfall respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant positive linear correlation between rainfall and stemflow for the two shrubs; while the relationship between stemflow percentage and rainfall suggested that there existed a rainfall depth threshold of 3-5 mm for S. psammophila and 5-7 mm for A. sphaerocephala. Stemflow percentage positively increased with rainfall depth increasing before the rainfall depth threshold values had been reached but showed stability after the threshold. A stepwise regression analysis suggested that the shrubs with more branches, larger crown volume and smaller branch angle inclination tended to collect more volumes of stemflow. Moreover, stemflow amount and percentage increased with the maximum rain intensity increasing in 10 minutes （l10） and the stemflow percentage tended to increase quickly with l10 when it was less than 3.0 mm h^-1 for S. psammophila and 2.0 mm h^-1 for A. sphaerocephala, and then showed stable trend with increasing of 110.     

Al,K和Si对钼粉还原及烧结过程的影响

采用液固掺杂技术将不同含量的KOH,H₂SiO₃和Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O溶液加入到MoO₂粉末中,并通过还原、压制和烧结工艺制备成钼棒。研究了掺杂钼粉的平均费氏粒度、松装密度与掺杂量的关系,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对掺杂钼粉的表面形貌及烧结钼棒的断口形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,随着K,Al和Si掺杂量的提高,钼粉的粒度及松装密度均呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,且钼棒晶粒中的气孔呈增多趋势。通过SEM分析发现,由于K,Al和Si的掺杂,烧结钼棒的断裂形貌由沿晶断裂逐渐向穿晶断裂转变。综合比较后认为,Mo-0.005Al-0.27K-0.098Si和Mo-0.005Al-0.36K-0.1305Si为最优配方。