无网格数值模拟的并行算法研究

对无网格数值模拟的并行算法进行了详细研究.包括使用并行桶搜索算法进行节点搜索,使用并行几何搜索算法进行样点搜索,并行计算无网格形函数及其导数,边界条件的并行处理,使用并行预处理共轭梯度法求解方程组以及负载平衡等.最后给出了无网格数值模拟并行计算的实施流程和计算实例.计算结果表明,无网格数值模拟具有很高的并行性和很好的并行效率,计算规模越大,并行效率越高.     

基于Cluster的大型油藏数值模拟的并行计算

大规模整体油田的精细油藏数值模拟需要并行处理。该文基于Cluster并行系统,将三维三相油藏压力计算,转化为以油层为并行计算粒度、通过井筒压力耦合全油藏压力的多层二维二相的压力计算,用网格节点排序方法和预处理算法等缩短计算时间,实现了100.2万网格点的实际大规模油藏数值模拟问题,在17个处理机并行计算时,加速比达6.75。结果表明,该并行计算具有较好的效果,该并行软件正在胜利油田得到应用。     

基于深腾7000系统的大规模CFD并行计算

从基本流动控制方程及数值离散、多重网格、并行算法等方面详细阐述了混合网格框架下计算流体力学软件的基本原理,提出了采用三重嵌套循环结构在时间推进格式中实现多重网格加速及并行计算技术的主流程设计方案;同时给出了高精度混合网格并行计算软件在深腾7000系统上的大规模并行测试结果以及在某型民用飞机高升力流场数值模拟中的应用.结果表明:此高精度混合网格并行计算软件在采用千万网格点规模的大型飞机高升力复杂流场计算时,不仅计算结果与实验结果符合较好,且在2 048核并行计算时仍具有很好的并行可扩展性,计算效率不低于80%.     

高层建筑风场数值模拟研究

本文以FLUENT软件和高性能集群作为数值模拟平台,通过改变高层建筑物高度进行了并行数值模拟。并对并行数值模拟结果和集群并行计算效率进行了分析,分析结果表明:随着建筑物高度的增加,建筑物周围最大风速和最大风速比增大,建筑物对其周围空气流动的影响增强。在并行计算中,当CPU个数相同时,随着网格数量的增加,并行效率呈增加趋势但增大的幅度越来越小;当网格数相同时,随着CPU个数增加,并行计算效率呈减小趋势。     

海上稠油热化学驱三维物理模拟

依据渤海某稠油油藏的地质特征自主研发设计大型三维物模设备,研究在蒸汽驱过程中伴注化学剂和烟道气等增产措施对稠油热采的强化作用,分析模型温度场和剩余油饱和度场的分布特征,根据三维物模实验条件建立数值模型,验证三维物模实验结果的精确性。结果表明:相比于普通蒸汽驱,热化学驱的单井采收率可提高5.89%,加入烟道气进行强化热化学驱后,气体的隔热增能作用和泡沫的调堵驱油作用可以大幅度扩大油层的热波及面积,提高原油采收率,模型的单井含水率下降了28.17%,采收率提高了37.19%;数值模拟结果与物模实验结果具有良好的拟合程度。     

稠油油藏热力–化学复合驱开发规划研究

在稠油注蒸汽热采过程中添加表面活性物质,可以提高热采的开发效果,在油田现场已得到初步应用。采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方式对这种强化采油方法进行研究,通过分析稠油油藏热采添加表面活性剂复合驱过程中主要物理化学现象,建立了比较完整的热力–化学复合驱数学模型。为提高热力–化学复合驱稠油开发的经济效益,利用稠油热采注采关系和油藏数值模拟方法,建立了稠油不同开发阶段生产动态的预测模型;应用非线性规划理论,对稠油前期蒸汽驱、后期复合驱开发进行整体规划研究;运用自适应遗传算法对具体稠油油藏复合驱开发非线性规划模型进行分析计算。结果表明:规划后的稠油复合驱开发可以获得更大的经济效益。     

普通稠油降粘剂驱物理模拟和数值模拟

为实现普通稠油热采转化学驱,通过物理模拟实验和数值模拟方法研究了降粘剂驱提高稠油采收率的驱替机理。首先通过实验评价了降粘剂的性能参数,然后通过岩心驱替实验开展了降粘剂驱注入特征和驱油效果研究,通过微观可视化实验研究了降粘剂驱提高采收率的机理,最后对物理模拟实验结果进行了数值模拟和历史拟合。研究结果表明,稠油降粘剂驱过程中能够形成稳定的水包油乳状液,稠油驱替过程可划分三个阶段：启动压力突破阶段,压力快速下降阶段,压力低位运行阶段;降粘剂驱可以降低稠油启动压力梯度,减小驱替压力,实施降粘剂驱后采收率提高了12.4%,总采收率达到46.6%;降粘剂提高采收率的主要机理是降低原油粘度,减少残余油饱和度;采用非线性混合规则拟合实验结果,表征了原油粘度随降粘剂浓度的变化规律,可以应用于数值模拟计算,模拟结果和实验值拟合得较好;先导试验表明该技术能够降低水井注入压力,降水增油效果显著,试验区内油井全面见效。     

海上稠油油藏井组蒸汽吞吐参数优选研究

为优化海上稠油油藏井组蒸汽吞吐相关参数,以渤海海域某稠油区块一井组为研究对象,充分考虑海上稠油热采配套工艺特点,以稠油热采数值模拟理论为基础,运用油藏数值模拟软件研究水平井长度、注采参数及注蒸汽顺序与时机对海上稠油蒸汽吞吐开发效果的影响。结果表明:该井组蒸汽吞吐开采时合理的水平井长度为300 m;合理的注采参数为第一周期注汽强度20 t/m,周期注汽量递增率为15%,注汽速度为250 m3/d,井底蒸汽干度为0.5,蒸汽温度为340℃,焖井时间为5 d,产液速度为200 m3/d;先注控制储量较高的井排,再注控制储量较低的井排且井排叠合率为0时蒸汽吞吐开发效果最好。     

方形通道内流体流动的耗散粒子动力学并行计算

利用耗散粒子动力学(DPD)对方形通道内流体流动进行了模拟.通道壁面由3层粒子组成.在壁面附近实施了无滑移边界条件,在流动方向实施了周期性边界条件.计算中对每一颗粒子施加重力,从而驱动整个流体流动.计算结果表明,流体充分发展的速度分布与基于N-S方程的数值模拟结果一致.并行计算结果表明,DPD很适合于并行计算.与每个节点所处理的总的粒子数目相比,只有少数粒子参与通信,因此能够获得较高的并行效率.当节点数目为18时,并行效率仍然在80%以上.     

海上油田蒸汽吞吐化学增效技术研究

在海上油田蒸汽吞吐技术的探索与实践过程中,由于部分稠油油田的地质油藏特性、钻完井方式、平台空间及操作成本等因素的制约,导致海上油田蒸汽吞吐的应用难度高于陆上油田。蒸汽吞吐化学增效技术通过在传统蒸汽吞吐注入流体的基础上添加化学增效复合药剂的方式,能够在热采效果的基础上,扩大波及体积、提高热采洗油效率以及降低原油黏度,从而改善稠油油田的蒸汽吞吐开发效果。从化学增效机理、室内物理模拟以及渤海某油田数值模拟实例的角度,探讨并评价了该技术的提高采收率效果和经济性。基于渤海油田某区块矿场试验方案数值模拟计算结果显示,经过7个周期热采化学增效剂吞吐,在常规热采基础上增油幅度达16%,投入产出比达1∶6.3(油价按40美元/桶计)。该技术成果为深入开展海上油田热采技术开发奠定了基础,并为海上稠油高效开发提供了新的思路和方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-