南秦岭勉略构造带三岔子硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

勉略带内广泛发育古生代硅质岩,其对南秦岭造山带古生代沉积环境和构造背景具有重要的指示意义。重点分析了勉略带三岔子地区泥盆系硅质岩地球化学特征,结果显示,三岔子硅质岩SiO_2含量较高,为94.04%～98.08%,平均96.92%,质地较纯,Al_2O_3和TiO_2含量明显偏低;微量元素中Ba、U含量较高、Zr含量较低,U/Th值和Ba/Sr值较高;稀土元素显示样品的ΣREE值显著偏低,为7.61～51.04μg/g,平均22.51μg/g,经PAAS标准化后的稀土配分曲线表现出富集HREE的左倾特征,Eu正异常和Ce负异常,以及Al/(A1+Fe+Mn)值、Fe/Ti值和(Fe+Mn)/Ti值等指标均指示硅质岩具有典型的热水沉积成因。硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe)值、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3+MnO)值、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值、δCe值以及(La/Ce)_N值等地球化学特征指示其主要形成于大陆边缘环境。(La/Lu)_N值、(La/Yb)_N值及δEu值等指标反映硅质岩形成受到深大断裂相关的岩浆活动的影响。三岔子硅质岩Th/U值、U/Th值、δU值等特征指示其形成于缺氧的沉积环境。综合上述研究,该硅质岩发育地区在古生代处于伸展裂陷的构造背景之下,形成了裂陷或断陷盆地以及区域性同生断裂为主的一系列伸展构造。裂谷内岩浆活动在硅质岩的形成过程中为热水活动提供了热源,区域性同生断裂为热水流体的上升提供了通道;对流热水对周边物质的的淋滤和溶解导致了SiO_2的富集;三者的共同作用最终导致一系列不同时代的热水沉积硅质岩在勉略带中形成。     

右江盆地泥盆系硅质岩地球化学特征及地质意义

探讨右江盆地泥盆纪盆地演化。对盆地东南缘六强、那洋地区泥盆纪硅质岩地球化学特征研究表明,硅质岩的SiO_2质量分数为88.40%～97.89%,具有较高的硅化程度。多数样品具有较低的Eu/Eu~*值和较高的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值,指示硅质岩主要为非热液成因。上泥盆统榴江组有较明显的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce~*值为0.37～0.57),中下泥盆统平恩组和坛河组具有中等Ce负异常值(Ce/Ce~*值分别为0.55～0.57和0.55～0.71)。3组样品均具有明显的Y正异常。除去SiO_2稀释作用的影响后,榴江组硅质岩具有较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE+Y含量相当于PAAS组成的2～5倍),暗示其形成于相对远离陆源供应的环境。综合其他地区硅质岩的地球化学特征,认为泥盆纪右江盆地具有逐渐伸展的演化趋势。     

肃北县红山铁矿硅质岩地球化学特征及地质意义

通过主量、微量与稀土元素的研究,红山铁矿区内硅质岩具低Si、高Fe和低Al的特征.(w(Fe)+w(Mn))/w(Ti)、w(Fe)/w(Ti)、w(Al)/(w(Al)+w(Fe)+w(Mn))显示热水沉积硅质岩特征.硅质岩微量元素相对于地壳丰度大多亏损,其中Ba富集较为明显.w(U)/w(Th)与w(Sr)/w(Ba)表明具热水沉积特征.稀土元素总量低,轻稀土较重稀土富集,经北美页岩标准化,Eu负异常、Ce异常不明显.(w(La)/w(Ce))_(CN)=1.082~1.353,具大陆边缘深海的硅质岩特征.红山铁矿为热水沉积成因有关的铁矿床,有陆源物质介入,当时形成于大陆边缘深海环境.     

塔里木盆地顺北地区中下奥陶统硅质岩特征及其成因

为明确顺北地区中下奥陶统硅质岩特征及其成因。在岩石学特征研究基础上,对不同产状硅质岩样品进行稀土元素和微量元素测试分析,结合硅氧同位素测试结果开展顺北地区中下奥陶统硅质岩特征及成因研究。研究结果表明:硅质以灰黑色条带状、团块状和灰白色条带状分布于灰岩之间,与基质灰岩粒屑镶嵌发育。岩心断面局部可见贝壳类和介壳类生物碎屑。硅质岩样品稀土元素含量很低,平均仅0.3μg/g,整体表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,两者分异明显且具有明显正Eu和正Ce异常,指示热液流体对硅质岩形成具有重要影响,且硅质岩颗粒Ni/Co值为6.53～55.45,平均值23.7,表明硅质岩主要形成于相对还原的成岩环境中。不同产状硅质岩δ~(30)Si‰值分布范围0.6‰～2.74‰,平均1.74‰,指示交代成因为主。综合分析认为,顺北地区中下奥陶统硅质主要来源于深部富硅流体,流体在颗粒灰岩发育相带交代围岩形成硅质岩,但改造作用使原岩颗粒孔隙降低,整体表现为破坏性成岩作用。     

湘黔地区埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪之交硅质岩的成因探讨——来自稀土元素和Ge/Si比值的证据

对埃迪卡拉纪?寒武纪之交的贵州铜仁坝黄剖面留茶坡组层状硅质岩和湖南张家界柑子坪剖面留茶坡组穹隆状硅质岩的主量、微量元素和稀土元素以及Ge/Si特征进行分析, 探讨两种硅质岩的成因。层状硅质岩的SiO₂含量为96.06%~99.61%, 穹窿状硅质岩的SiO₂含量为98.62%~99.56%, 平均值为99.13%; 其他元素含量很低, 两者均为纯硅质岩。坝黄层状硅质岩的ΣREE为20.14~248.56 μg/g (平均100.62 μg/g), Eu/Eu*值为0.90~1.10 (平均1.06), 无明显异常, Ge/Si值为0.13~0.98 μmol/mol (平均0.50 μmol/mol), Al₂O₃与ΣREE明显正相关, 表明硅质岩成分明显受陆源输入的控制。柑子坪穹隆状硅质岩的ΣREE值低, 为3.75~7.24 μg/g (平均5.73 μg/g), Ce/Ce*值为0.46~0.66 (平均0.57), 具负异常, Eu/Eu*值为2.28~11.07 (平均4.60), 具明显正异常, Ge/Si值为1.09~1.43 μmol/mol (平均1.25 μmol/mol), Al₂O₃与ΣREE的相关性较差, 表明硅质岩为海底热液成因。Al₂O₃与Ge/Si的相关性强弱也可以反映硅质岩的来源。结合古地理环境, 推断层状硅质岩可能形成于盆地内部, 而穹隆状硅质岩可能发育在台缘同生断裂处, 因海底热液喷流而形成。以1 μmol/mol 作为Ge/Si的临界值可以为示踪硅质岩的物质来源提供新的思路。     

皖北新元古代硅质灰岩的发现及其地质意义

在皖北新元古代倪园组中发现了硅质灰岩,其主要组分为方解石(90%)和石英(10%),呈白色团块状断续分布于灰质白云岩和灰岩互层的寄主岩石中。在地球化学特征上,以较高的CaO和SiO2为特征,分别达到了85.34%和13.61%,稀土总量较低但轻重稀土分异明显,具有明显的Eu、较弱的Ce的正异常以及较高的Tb/Yb值和较低的Th/Sc值,Ba、(Cu+Pb+Zn)含量较高,且Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值很低,是海底热液和海水混合作用的产物。结合前人研究成果认为,皖北新元古代所处的大地构造背景可能是与Rodinia超大陆聚合有关的Grenville造山期形成的处于拉张的弧后盆地,而不是前人所认为的对应于Rodinia超大陆裂解期的被动大陆边缘。     

闽西南下三叠统溪口组硅质岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

闽西南下三叠统溪口组中的硅质岩SiO2含量的变化范围为57%～68%, Si/Al=3.4～5.7,远远低于纯硅岩的Si/Al(80～1 400),表明这些硅质岩中含较高比例陆源泥质沉积物.硅质岩样品w(Al2O3)/w(Al2O3 Fe2O3)=0.61～0.79, w(Lan)/w(Ybn)值介于1.38～1.75间,w(Ce)/w(Ce*)=0.87～0.93, w(Lan)/w(Cen)=1.14～1.43,表明这些硅质岩形成于大陆边缘环境.这一结论与大田、漳平一线相当于当时陆坡下部位置的判别存在矛盾,可能的解释是这些硅质岩形成于另一侧的大陆边缘.     

川东南茅口组硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积背景

川东南地区中二叠统茅口组发育条带状硅质岩.对重庆武隆县江口、石柱县打风坳2个发育硅质岩的茅口组削面进行野外剖面观察、室内薄片研究和主元素、稀土元素分析,A1-Fe-Mn三角图解显示武隆茅口组硅质岩受到热液和生物的双重影响,而石柱的茅口组硅质岩则主要受生物来源的影响,少量受热液影响.δCe值和Y/Ho值表明,武隆茅口组硅质岩形成于大陆边缘环境,而石柱茅口组硅质岩形成于广海平原;Fe2O3/TiO2-Al2O3/(Al2 O3+Fe2O3)和(La/Ce) N-Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)图解也得到类似结果.结合上扬子地区中二叠世沉积环境演化,认为武隆茅口组硅质岩形成于台地环境,而石柱硅质岩形成于台间凹陷,并推测峨眉山玄武岩是该区热液硅质的主要来源.中二叠世晚期,峨眉山玄武岩尚未喷发之前,岩浆上涌形成穹窿,岩浆热液经过齐岳山等同生断裂运移至川东南地区海底与海水混合成为硅质的主要物源.     

四川盆地富有机质页岩硅质生物成因及对页岩气开发的意义

通过岩石学、有机碳含量、主量元素和力学性质分析, 对四川盆地长宁双河剖面上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组页岩进行硅质成因研究。长宁双河剖面底部页岩过量硅含量为40%~62.7%, 具有高SiO₂, P₂O₅和Fe₂O₃, 低Al₂O₃, TiO₂, FeO和MgO的特征。Al/(Fe+Al+Mn)比值为0.67~0.71, Si/(Si+Al+Fe)比值为0.89~0.93, 在Al?Fe?Mn图解上落在生物成因区。五峰组有机碳含量(TOC)为2%~7.55%, 平均3.73%。龙马溪组页岩有机碳含量为0.23%~8.36%, 平均1.16%, TOC>2%段集中在剖面底部21 m, TOC与硅质含量具有正相关关系。页岩中发现大量放射虫、海绵骨针等微体化石, 证实硅质为生物成因, 指示页岩沉积环境为深水陆棚, 有利于形成自然裂缝和后期压裂改造, 对页岩气勘探开发具有重要意义。     

碧口群古热水系统发育的富铁硅岩稀土元素地球化学证据

碧口群富铁硅岩以富铁、贫铝、贫稀土为特征,具Eu正异常和不同程度的Ce负异常,与现代深海热水沉积物具有类似的稀土配分模式.硅岩Eu正异常一般代表高温流体的参与,而Ce异常反映了海水的作用.同时发育Eu正异常、Ce负异常反映硅岩为热水成因,是由流体/海水不同程度对流混合形成的.热水硅岩的存在反映碧口群曾发育古海底热水系统.根据硅岩Ce异常、Y/Ho比值的变化特征及其两者的线性关系,推测热水系统形成于大陆陆缘-远洋盆地的过渡位置.热水硅岩成因的确定对碧口群铜矿床成矿条件、矿床类型及其控矿因素的研究具有重要指导意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.