具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

随物赋形气韵自然--论自然之美与艺术形象的塑造

随物赋形,气韵自然,是自然之美在塑造艺术形象方面的重要特征。自然之美的文学艺术品,在艺术形象上表现为随物赋形并突出地体现为强调“神似”、“传神”。艺术形象的自然之美,追求的是传神之美,追求的是传神自然,亦即气韵自然。     

鲨软骨粘多糖的酶法提取及组分分析

通过正交实验法分别研究单酶法提取次数和双酶法不同提取方式对鲨软骨粘多糖提取率的影响,从而获得胰蛋白酶和／或木瓜蛋白酶水解鲨软骨提取粘多糖的最佳工艺：并采用乙酸纤维素薄膜电泳和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析不同提取方法获得的粘多糖的组分．实验结果表明：双酶水解方式比单酶水解方式的软骨降解率和多糖提取率要高;在双酶水解方式中,木-胰方式比胰-木方式能更有效地降解软骨,并且能获得更高的粘多糖提取率;而木瓜蛋白酶法提取的粘多糖纯度比胰蛋白酶法高．     

五种预氧化工艺处理污染原水的消毒性能比较

观察了水中腐殖酸和乳糖蛋白胨培养液的含量变化对高锰酸钾、氯、氯胺单独处理工艺及高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用工艺消毒效果的影响．结果表明，有机物浓度越高，高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用工艺与单独氯或氯胺工艺消毒效能相比所占优势越明显，尤其是当水中含有大量有机氮化合物时，采取高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用能更有效提高预处理时消毒效能．对有机污染严重的水源水进行预处理时，高锰酸钾与氯或氯胺联用预氧化能够减少有机物对消毒效果的影响，发挥预处理工艺对致病微生物的多级屏障作用，保障供水安全。     

《大学语文》教学的若干思考与实践

本文从长期的教学实践中，探索出在《大学语文》古代文学教学中，应贯穿以史带文，以文述史，以赏促读，读赏结合，文以载道，文道合一的原则。     

高职教育督导的八大误区与突破创新

高职教育督导应走出误区,保持正确的方向,始终坚持教学督导与教育督导相结合、常规督导与专项督导相结合、事后督导与事前督导相结合、"督"与"导"相结合、校内督导与社会评价相结合、课堂督导与实践教学督导相结合、督教与督学和督管相结合、教学活动督导与设备利用督导相结合,以全面提高教育教学质量与人才培养质量。     

复合聚能装药威力性能的数值模拟研究

为了提高聚能杆式射流飞行稳定性和破甲威力性能的要求,采用LS-DYNA软件对变壁厚复合杆式射流成型过程进行数值模拟,研究了外罩在不同变壁厚条件下对杆式射流侵彻靶板威力性能的影响.研究结果表明：与外层罩在等壁厚条件下的复合球缺罩相比,当外罩采用顶薄边缘厚的结构时,杆式射流破甲威力提高10%左右;当外罩采用顶厚边缘薄的结构时,杆式射流破甲威力基本保持不变,但射流速度梯度明显降低,进而大炸高条件下稳定性提高,在战斗部采用不同外罩变壁厚结构时,可有效提高杆式射流破甲威力及射流稳定性.     

我国残疾人辅助器具技术发展现状及其原因的剖析

残疾人辅助器具是伴随残疾人终身,改善和补偿其已丧失功能的最有效和直接的手段,也是回归社会的桥梁。通过对江苏省残疾人康复中心及相关单位的调研,拟从残疾人的分类以及残疾人辅具的分类出发,阐述了我国残疾人辅具的发展现状及其原因,并对促进我国辅具的发展的重点提出建议。     

依法治校以德治校构建和谐校园

阐述了依法治校、以德治校在构建和谐校园中的重要性,探讨了依法治校、以德治校在构建和谐校园中的关系,总结了河北理工大学在依法治校、以德治校、构建社会主义和谐校园方面的经验。     

双进气口无叶蜗壳径流向心式涡轮的性能研究

本文研究了双进气口无叶蜗壳径流向心式涡轮在全进气和部分进气条件下流量和效率的变化,提出了计算这种涡轮在变工况下的效率特性和流量特性的方法。用该法所得的计算值与实测值吻合较好。     

异丙酚麻醉下行胃镜检查的观察

目的观察异丙酚麻醉下行胃镜检查的效果和安全性,探讨相关的护理方法。方法选择65例患者在异丙酚麻醉下行胃镜检查,检查全过程密切监测异丙酚药物反应和生命体征,及时处理病情变化。结果所有病例检查前情绪稳定,积极配合检查,检查过程中痛苦反应小,成功率100％,无1例发生麻醉意外及咽喉、消化道粘膜损伤、出血等并发症。结论异丙酚麻醉下行胃镜检查是安全有效的,密切监护是患者顺利完成检查的重要保证。