具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

弧焊机器人空间焊缝焊接参数与姿态规划研究

针对弧焊机器人空间焊缝焊接工艺参数和焊枪姿态规划问题,提出了焊缝特征坐标系的概念,定义了“立坡焊”和“横坡焊”的概念,采用焊缝特征坐标系来描述各种焊接接头复杂空间焊缝的焊接位置,引用齐次变换技术求解空间焊缝的转角和倾角,将复杂空间焊缝的规划问题分解为“立坡焊”和“横坡焊”2种焊接位置的组合,并运用于马鞍型焊缝机器人焊接。实验结果表明,该方法正确可行。     

钛合金激光/氩弧斜焊缝疲劳性能对比研究

针对TC4钛合金激光、氩弧斜角度焊接疲劳性能展幵对比试验研究。对两种斜焊缝试样的疲劳寿命和疲劳断口进行了対比计算与分析。结果表明:氩弧斜焊试件的疲劳寿命相比激光斜焊的分散性小,激光斜焊试件的中值疲劳寿命是氩弧斜焊的1.96倍;激光焊缝比氩弧焊总体面积小,激光斜焊疲劳裂纹起始于热影响区表面,氩弧斜焊疲劳源位于试件内部气孔缺陷处。裂纹扩展初期两种焊缝均有脆性解理特征矿展后期和瞬断区激光斜焊比氩弧斜焊表现出更好的韧性。     

铝对自保护药芯焊丝焊缝组织及力学性能的影响

通过光谱分析、Luzex.F图像分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、力学性能试验等手段,研究了高铝BaF2渣系自保护药芯焊丝焊缝中的Al含量对焊缝中夹杂物、微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随焊缝中的Al含量增高,焊缝夹杂物平均尺寸增大;焊缝中的夹杂物以AlN和Al2O3为主,在低Al焊缝中以Al2O3为主的夹杂物较多,而在高Al焊缝中AlN夹杂较多;Al含量的不同会引起焊缝微观组织的改变,以Al2O3为主的夹杂物能够诱导焊缝中针状铁素体形核,而AlN夹杂会引起焊缝组织粗大;焊缝中Al含量增加使焊缝的强度增高而韧性下降.     

基于Fe-safe的K形对接焊缝疲劳分析

基于等效结构应力法和BS7608焊缝疲劳分析方法,分析了不同坡角的K形对接焊缝的疲劳性能.分别采用ANSYS和Fe-safe对其进行静力分析和疲劳分析,得到K形对接焊缝本身的疲劳寿命和焊趾处的疲劳寿命.计算结果表明,焊趾处存在明显名义应力集中且随着坡口角度的增大而增大;焊趾处疲劳强度最低,焊趾的疲劳强度随坡角的增大而降低;焊缝自身的疲劳强度随着坡角的增大而有所提高.增大焊缝坡口角度有利于焊缝自身的抗疲劳性能,却不利于焊趾,这对钢结构加工过程中焊缝坡角的选择具有参考意义.     

真空灭弧室两种封接焊缝应力对比分析

由于焊料凝固限制了瓷壳和金属的自由收缩,在真空灭弧室整管钎焊过程中,会产生陶瓷与金属的封接应力,影响封接强度．在真空灭弧室中,常用的有立封和平封两种封接结构．应用液体焊料的能量约束方程,确定了立封结构的焊料凝固轮廓线,得到了立封焊缝的有限元模型;根据焊料用量和装配模的重力,确定了平封焊缝有限元模型．两种封接结构下的应力分析对比计算结果及标准抗拉件试验都表明,立封结构比平封结构的封接应力小,总拉力和单位面积上的抗拉极限应力都比平封的高．     

不锈钢水下激光焊接焊缝成形与力学性能

摘要： 采用水下局部干法激光焊接技术对1 mm厚SUS304不锈钢进行了焊接试验,重点分析了水深及保护气体流量对焊缝成形与力学性能的影响.实验结果表明：通过适当的水深与保护气体流量匹配,可以获得成形良好、剪切拉伸强度与母材相当的焊缝.在水深一定时,随着气体流量的增加,焊缝熔宽变宽,熔深变浅,深宽比减小.在气体流量一定时,随着水深的增加,焊缝熔深和熔宽也表现出类似的变化规律.与普通激光焊接相比,水下激光焊接改变了焊缝的散热方向以及散热速度,因此同一焊接工艺参数下,水下激光焊接的熔深变浅,熔宽变宽.
关键词： 水下焊接; 激光焊; 奥氏体不锈钢; 焊缝成形; 力学性能
中图分类号： TG 456.7文献标志码： A     

工艺参数对铝镁合金VPPA焊焊缝成形的影响

为了探明变极性等离子电弧焊方法对5A06铝合金焊缝成形的影响规律,采用单因素控制对比试验对变极性等离子弧焊缝成形进行了测量分析,研究正负极性电流、离子气流量、正负极电流持续时间和送丝速度4个焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响规律。研究结果表明,随着焊接电流的增大,焊缝正面熔宽和余高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,而背面焊缝的余高增大明显,但背面焊缝熔宽变化不是很明显;随着离子气体流量的增加,等离子电弧力增加,液态金属流动性增加,背面焊缝余高呈明显的增加趋势,而焊缝正面余高则呈下降的趋势;在负极性电流持续时间增加的情况下,焊缝正面余高和熔宽增加幅度较小,焊缝背面余高和熔宽呈减小的趋势;随着送丝速度的增加,焊缝余高显著增加,熔宽也小幅度增加。研究结果可为铝合金VPPA焊提供工艺支持。     

高强钢筋搭接焊缝的性能试验

提出焊接高强闭合箍筋形式,开展8组高强钢筋搭接焊缝性能的拉拔试验,研究焊缝长度、焊缝形式和焊缝厚度对焊接试件屈服强度和极限强度的影响.试验结果表明:焊接试件的屈服强度略低于单根钢筋试件,极限强度较为接近;在试验参数取值范围内,随着焊缝长度的增加,双面搭接焊试件的屈服强度和极限强度略有增加;单面焊与双面焊对试件性能的影响不明显;加厚焊缝可以提高焊缝的可靠度.     

基于红外热成像技术的管母线焊缝缺陷对发热影响研究

焊缝质量是影响管母线综合性能的关键因素。首先使用X射线数字成像系统对实验样品焊缝进行检测,确定了焊缝缺陷类型;再根据电磁感应原理对加工有不同焊缝缺陷的管母线实验样品分别进行通流实验;利用红外热像仪对焊缝周围温度进行定时测量;计算了各个实验样品焊缝位置和距离焊缝20 cm处的平均温差;绘制了不同负载下温差与加载时间的变化曲线。通过与无缺陷实验样品进行对比,得到了各种常见焊缝缺陷对管母线焊缝发热的影响规律,充分证明了利用红外热成像技术对管母线焊缝现场检测的可行性,为管母线焊缝质量现场红外检测提供了重要的参考依据。     

对接接头应力集中系数的有限元分析

用有限元方法计算了对接接头焊趾部位的应力集中系数，分析了焊趾倾角和焊趾过渡圆弧对应力集中系数的影响．结果表明，通过减小焊趾倾角或（和）增大过渡圆弧半径的方法可以有效地缓和接头的应力集中．而焊趾过渡园弧的引入从力学和焊接冶金两个方面提高了接头的抗裂性．同时指出，单侧有加强高的对接接头比双侧都有加强高的接头有较小的应力集中系数．还给出了估算对接接头应力集中系数的回归方程式