培养方法及胎牛血清浓度对人胎儿成纤维细胞体外生长的影响

采用单细胞培养法和组织块培养法从原代培养人胎儿成纤维细胞,并在不同体积分数胎牛血清(FBS)(0%、4%、8%、10%、12%)的条件下观察人胎儿成纤维细胞培养的状况并采用台盼蓝染色法进行活细胞计数.结果表明,早期由组织块培养法原代培养获取的细胞形态要比单细胞培养法原代培养获取的细胞稍好些,且在细胞传代后极少出现无法贴壁的死细胞.FBS对hFFs生长影响比较明显.在实际应用中,在体积分数8%FBS下,采用组织块培养法进行人胎儿成纤维细胞体外培养,效果良好.     

昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离与体外培养

研究了昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离、培养和生长特征,建立了快速、稳定的优质饲养层细胞培养体系.从不同日龄的胎鼠均分离到胚胎成纤维细胞,但最佳分离时间为13.5~14.5d;三种分离原代胚胎成纤维细胞的方法中胰酶消化法效果最好,能在较短的周期内获得大量原代及传代细胞;MEF细胞形态以小梭形为主,呈漩涡状、火焰状生长;增殖速度较快,每1~2d可传一代,按1∶3比例常规传代;5代以内适宜制作饲养层用,5代以后细胞开始变形呈现典型的衰老特征.     

胚胎大鼠肺成纤维细胞的体外培养

目的:探讨胚胎大鼠肺成纤维细胞的体外培养条件.方法:采用胶原酶消化19d胎鼠肺组织块,经差速离心和反复贴壁法,分离、纯化肺成纤维细胞后采用加胎牛血清的DMEM培养液,进行细胞培养.用波形蛋白免疫细胞化学染色对所分离的细胞进行鉴定.结果:细胞培养24h后有一定量细胞贴壁,48h后贴壁细胞开始生长.结论:该实验方法可以成功地培养大鼠胚胎肺成纤维细胞.     

生物细胞在极低频电磁场中的效应

探讨极低频电磁场对洋葱根尖细胞及人肺成纤维细胞生物学特性的影响.对生长发育过程中洋葱根和体外培养的人肺成纤维细胞进行50 Hz,3 mT极低频电磁场(ELFMFS)处理,对洋葱根的外部形态及细胞有丝分裂指数、染色体形态等进行观察分析,对人肺成纤维细胞进行增殖量比较及凋亡分析.结果表明:50 Hz,3 mT ELFMFS在20 ℃时对洋葱根的生长量无明显影响,但在30 ℃下对洋葱根的生长起抑制作用且可导致根生长异常;正常培养条件下,ELFMFS照射组人肺成纤维细胞生长受到抑制,有细胞凋亡发生.ELFMFS与温度的叠加效应(50 Hz,3 mT,30 ℃)可对洋葱根的生长及根尖细胞的增殖产生重要作用,ELFMFS对人肺成纤维细胞的生长起抑制作用并可引起细胞凋亡.     

毛囊特异表达载体pCDsR-UI的构建以及绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的体外转染和筛选

构建IGF1基因的毛囊特异表达载体,可为今后通过体细胞核移植技术建立转基因克隆绒山羊准备核供体细胞.将绵羊IGF1 cDNA序列,连接到含有UHS启动子序列的克隆载体p19TU的SalI、SphI位点,获得过渡质粒载体p19TUI;pCDsRed2和过渡质粒载体分别经酶切和连接构成表达载体pCDsR-UI.以组织块贴附法分离和培养绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,外源性表达载体以脂质体方法转染所培养的第2代成纤维细胞,DMEM/F12+ 10％ FBS、37℃5％CO2中培养,经添加G418筛选,获得了稳定表达红色荧光蛋白的细胞克隆,经特异性PCR鉴定证实外源基因已经整合在细胞基因组中.转基因前后分析细胞生长曲线和染色体核型证明转基因细胞的生长状态良好、各项参数正常.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物性状研究

分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞，研究其在体外生长增殖的生物特性。冲洗手术弃骨骨髓，获取骨髓间充质干细胞进行培养，倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况，绘制生长曲线，免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞表面抗原，进行染色体核型分析。冷冻保存细胞复苏后的生长状况观察。结果显示，原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观，具有较强的生长增殖能力；细胞CD44，CD54抗原表达阳性，CD34表达阴性。染色体核型分析表明是正常的人二倍体细胞。复苏细胞生物学特性无明显改变。     

饲养层对维持新建ES细胞系的影响

以ＳＴＯ细胞和鼠胚原代成纤维细胞（ＰＭＥＦ）为饲养层建立了１１个小鼠胚胎干细胞系（ＥＳ细胞系）。两种饲养层细胞都可以维持ＥＳ细胞的正常形态和体外分化能力，但ＳＴＯ细胞不能维持ＥＳ细胞的正常二倍体核型，ＰＭＥＦ的效果经ＳＴＯ为佳，但也仅能短期内维持二倍状态，１０代后染色体数目逐渐发生偏离。分离１０个ＥＳ细胞克隆，讨论了两种饲养层的不同和影响核型发生偏离的若干可能的原因。     

两栖类染色体几种分带技术的研究进展

两栖类染色体具有数目较少、形态较大的特点,是细胞生物学和体细胞遗传学的理想实验材料,因此受到细胞生物学家、遗传学家等的普遍重视。同时,由于染色体在数量和结构上的变化,对物种形成起着十分重要的作用,许多动物分类学家也对把微观世界中的染色体的研究应用到宏观的分类学中产生了极大的兴趣。随着染色体分带技术的飞速发展,两栖类     

兔和牛角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞体外培养和增殖的研究

目的：研究兔和牛角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞等3种细胞体外培养的生物学特性，探索和改进这3种细胞体外培养的方法，为组织工程角膜奠定基础。方法：采用消化法分离培养兔和牛角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞，观察细胞贴壁生长情况，同时对生长良好的原代细胞进行消化传代，进一步观察传代细胞的形态和生长情况。结果：角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞均在培养48～72h贴壁生长，培养6～9d能形成良好单层，细胞形态典型，进行多次传代后细胞仍维持原有形态和功能，获得的细胞能进行长期培养。结论：为兔和牛角膜上皮、内皮和基质细胞体外培养，提供了简单高效经济的方法。     

红豆杉离体培养染色体数变异与细胞多核现象

分别对在固体培养基上静止培养和在摇瓶、１０Ｌ及１００Ｌ生物反应器内悬浮培养的红豆杉茎尖和根尖离体细胞进行染色体数目观察,发现其染色体数目主要类型和亲本株相同,为２ｎ＝２４,且存在较大比例的染色体数目变异的细胞．还发现,离体培养红豆杉细胞有丝分裂间期存在多核现象．认为染色体数目的变异可能是红豆杉离体培养细胞紫杉醇产量不稳定的主要原因．     

Embryonic stem cell as nuclear donor could promote in vitro development of the heterogeneous reconstructed embryo

The nucleus of a somatic cell could be dedifferentiated and reprogrammed in an enucleated heterogeneous oocyte. Some reconstructed oocytes could develop into blastocysts in vitro, and a few could develop into term normally after transferred into foster mothers, but most of cloning embryos fail to develop to term. In order to evaluate the efficacy of embryonic stem cell as nucleus donor in interspecific animal cloning, we reconstructed enucleated rabbit oocytes with nuclei from mouse ES cells, and analyzed the developmental ability of reconstructed embryos in vitro. Two kinds of fibroblast cells were used as donor control, one derived from ear skin of an adult Kunming albino mouse, and the other derived from a mouse fetus. Three types of cells were transferred into perivitelline space under zona pellucida of rabbit oocytes respectively. The reconstructed oocytes were fused and activated by electric pulses, and cultured in vitro. The developmental rate of reconstructed oocytes derived from embryonic stem cells was 16.1%, which was significantly higher than that of both the adult mouse fibroblast cells (0%-3.1%, P < 0.05) and fetus mouse fibroblast cells (2.1%-3.7%, P < 0.05). Chromosome analysis confirmed that blastocyst cells were derived from ES donor cell. These observations show that reprogramming is easier in interspecific embryos reconstructed with ES cells than that reconstructed with somatic cells, and that ES cells have the higher ability to direct the reconstructed embryos development normally than fibroblast cells.     

Nuclear transfer using nonquiescent adult fibroblasts from a bovine ear

The natural reproduction of mammal is sexual reproduction, which needs fertilization involving sperm and oocyte. Nuclear transfer provided an asexual reproduction method for mammal. Donor cells used in previous experiments of nuclear transfer were mostly from undifferentiated or non-terminally differentiated cells, such as embryonic or fetal cells. However, since Wilmutet al. obtained a viable lamb by transfer of an adult sheep somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte, nuclear transfer using adult somatic cell has been successful in several species. Wilmutet al. suggested that it was a key factor for the success of somatic nuclear transfer to induce the donor cells into GO phase (“GO-phase hypothesis”). In order to verify the Gophase hypothesis, nonquiescent adult fibroblasts from a bovine ear were transferred into enucleated bovine oocytes. The experiments showed that the rate of electrofusion after micromanipulation was above 50%, the cleaving rate was 54.5% and 9.1% of those reconstructed embryos developed to 32-cell stage. These results indicate that for cattle, nuclei from nonquiescent adult somatic cells introduced into enucleated oocytes are at least capable of supporting early development.     

条斑星鲽连续性鳍细胞系的建立与鉴定

为了建立条斑星鲽鳍细胞系,为其细胞工程及病毒学研究奠定基础,对经Ⅱ型胶原酶和透明质酸酶联合消化法所得鳍组织碎块分别用DMEM/F12、L-15和M199培养液(pH7.2)在18～26℃进行了鳍组织的体外培养,并在所筛选出的最适培养液和培养温度下通过添加羧甲基壳寡糖、碱性成纤维样生长因子(bFGF)和I型胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)启动了鳍细胞的原代培养。体外培养结果显示,条斑星鲽鳍细胞的最适培养液为DMEM/F12培养液,最适培养温度为22℃,原代培养鳍细胞的生长分裂状态旺盛,细胞形态主要为成纤维样,20d后便可形成汇合细胞单层,经过连续的继代培养已建立了条斑星鲽的连续性鳍细胞系,目前已传至第135代;生长特性检测结果显示,第60代鳍细胞系细胞的群体倍增时间为56.9h,其生长分裂状态依然十分旺盛;染色体分析结果显示,第60代鳍细胞系细胞虽然出现了染色体的非整倍性,但其特征性染色体数目仍为46条,并具有2sm+44t的正常二倍体核型,证明所建立的细胞系确为条斑星鲽连续性鳍细胞系。该细胞系为条斑星鲽的细胞工程育种和病毒-细胞相互作用提供了一个理想的体外研究体系,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

人胎儿骨髓间充质干细胞的分离及生物学鉴定

通过原代细胞培养,从引产胎儿骨髓组织中分离干细胞,然后进行生物学鉴定,旨在体外建立培养胎儿骨髓干细胞的有效方法,为进一步研究干细胞奠定基础．本研究对四个月的引产胎儿骨髓组织进行原代细胞培养,采用贴壁筛选法,在含有15％胎牛血清的L-DMEM／IMDM(1:1)混和培养液中培养,7 d后细胞可长满瓶底．显微镜下观察,细胞形态均一,呈长梭形．传代后,在8代以内的细胞贴壁能力较强,生长速度较快．将其命名为BMMS-03．在第3代时,对培养的细胞进行了于细胞标志物的生物学鉴定,采用流式细胞仪对经免疫荧光染色的细胞进行检测．结果显示:97．2％的细胞呈CD105阳性反应,66．0％的细胞呈CD106阳性反应, 9．2％的细胞呈CD34阳性反应．阴性对照组阳性反应为0．5％．生物学鉴定的初步结果提示,从胎儿骨髓组织中分离培养成功的细胞为骨髓间充质干细胞,其细胞形态学特征、CD105 、CD106 和CD34-的检测结果均符合间充质干细胞的特征．本研究成功地建立了体外培养胎儿骨髓间充质干细胞的有效方法,所获得的间充质干细胞纯度较高,增殖较快,适用于干细胞生物学和组织工程学的研究．     

两重巢式PCR检测母体外周血中胎儿游离DNA

使用两重巢式PCR技术检测母体外周血中胎儿游离DNA,为非损伤性产前鉴定胎儿性别和诊断单基因疾病奠定基础.采用改良的chelex100方法提取60例孕龄为16~36周孕妇的外周血浆中游离胎儿DNA,依据NCBIX染色体长臂ATL1位点,Y染色体上DYS14位点序列,设计并合成引物,用巢式PCR同时扩增2个基因片段,以鉴定胎儿性别.结果表明:有ATL1位点和DYS14位点的扩增产物261bp和198bp鉴定为男性胎儿,而仅有261bp扩增产物鉴定为女性胎儿.均以真实出生性别进行确认后发现,此方法能有效提高检测特异性.两重巢式PCR能够简便并准确地鉴定胎儿性别,对单基因疾病特别是X-连锁遗传病的诊断有积极意义.     

实验用小型猪胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞为核供体生产转基因克隆胚胎

目的比较不同类型体细胞对生产转基因克隆胚胎效率的影响。方法利用脂质体介导的方法将质粒pEGFP-N1转染到五指山小型猪胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞,经过G418筛选后均获得了阳性细胞株。然后分别以两种类型转基因细胞以及未转基因细胞为核供体进行体细胞核移植,比较不同类型供体细胞克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率。结果胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞克隆胚的囊胚发育率差异不显著(P>0.05,8.3%vs.7.1%);转基因胎儿成纤维细胞(9.6%)和转基因骨髓间充质细胞(9.9%)克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率差异不显著(P>0.05,9.6%vs.9.9%);每一种类型供体细胞转基因与否对克隆胚的囊胚发育率无影响(P>0.05)。结论通过体细胞核移植技术,小型猪骨髓间充质细胞与胎儿成纤维细胞均可有效地生产转基因囊胚。     

Cloned goats (Gapra hircus) from foetal fibroblast cell lines

Mammalian cloning has been one of the most active research topics in the world. Cloning within vitro culured foetal fibroblast cells, in comparison with embryonic cells, can be used not only to theoretically study the embryonic or cellular development and differentiation in mammals, but also to utilize the unlimited fibroblast cells to produce large numbers of clonings. The preliminary results are as follows: (i) The division and development of the cloned embryos with embryonic donor cells and goat foetal fibroblast donor cells were 55%, 77% and 35%, 31%, respectively. There is no significant statistical difference between them, (ii) These studies result in the birth of two cloned goats derived from two 30-day foetal fibroblast cell lines, which are the first cloned mammals from somatic cells in China. This project has established a technological data base for the furture research on adult mammalian somatic cloning and nucleocytoplasmic interactions in animal development, and a novel technique for the cloning of animals with a high-level expression of transgene(s).     

正常胎儿心肌细胞的电镜观察

目的：研究胎儿心肌细胞超微结构特征及与成年人心肌细胞超微结构的区别。方法：选择水囊引产的正常胎儿,取心室肌组织经固定包埋后制成超薄切片,电镜下进行观察。结果：胎儿心肌细胞超微结构与成年人相比较有区别,并随胎龄不同结构上也有一定差别。结论：随胎龄的不断增长,其心肌细胞逐渐发育完善,接近成年人的心肌细胞。