ERCP诊治胆总管结石的临床观察

目的分析内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）及内镜下乳头括约肌切开（EST）取石对总胆管结石的治疗作用.方法对42例各类型总胆管结行患者先行ERCP后，再采用EST、机械碎石、取石网篮或／和球囊取石、鼻胆管引流等方法治疗。结果EST成功率为40例（95．2％），内镜取石总成功率为41例（97．6％），发生1例并发症。结论内镜下治疗总胆管结石安全、有效、经济，并发症少，是目前治疗总胆管结石的理想方法。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石209例

目的:探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的操作方法和临床疗效.方法:采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石209例、232侧.结果:输尿管上、中、下段一次性碎石成功率分别为52.7%、90.1%、97.0%,术后1～2周结石排尽率95.7%.术中并发症发生率4.3%.结论:输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术具有创伤小、效率高、易推广的技术.可作为治疗输尿管中、下段结石的首选方法.     

微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾、输尿管结石37例

目的:探讨微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术(MPCNL)在治疗肾结石、输尿管上段结石的临床应用.方法:采用局麻下经皮肾穿刺,建立通道后通过输尿管镜探查结石,气压弹道碎石、取石.治疗肾盂结石33例,输尿管上段结石4例.结果:全部病例均通过单通道完成,共行手术48次,其中一次治疗28例,二次治疗7例,三次治疗2例.手术时间:肾结石平均2.1h,输尿管结石平均1.4h.肾结石总取净率为84.8%(28/33),4例输尿管上段结石全部取净.残留结石行ESWL治疗.无严重并发症.结论:微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术是治疗肾盂结石、输尿管上段结石有效、安全的方法,同时创伤较小,术后恢复快,是治疗复杂性肾盂结石较好的微创治疗方法.     

输尿管镜联合气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石848例

目的:探讨应用输尿管镜联合气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效.方法:采用输尿管镜下联合气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石患者848例.结果:插镜成功率98.1%(832/848),一次碎石成功率95.1%(807/848).结论:输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术具有微创、安全、术后恢复快、效果好等优点,可作为输尿管中、下段结石的首选治疗方法.     

内镜治疗胆总管结石30例分析

目的:探讨胆总管结石的内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)及取石的疗效.方法:对30例胆总管结石行EST及气囊取石,直径＜1.0cm结石用网篮或气囊取石,直径＞1.2cm结石用机械网篮碎石,再用网篮或气囊取石.结果:取石成功28例,成功率933%,一次性清除结石率86.7%,2例术后并发胰腺炎,2例残留结石,并发症占6.7%,结论:EST和气囊治疗胆总管结石,可使病人免于剖腹手术或胆道结石术后的再次手术,并且安全有效,并发症少,可多次进行,是目前治疗胆总管结石较理想的微创方法.     

输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石212例

目的 :探讨输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石的临床效果。方法 :回顾分析212例泌尿系结石行气压弹道碎石术的临床资料。结果 :一次性结石粉碎率为91 5 %(194/212) ,并发症发生率2 8 %(6/212) ,主要是输尿管穿孔及感染。结论 :输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石方法较安全、疗效确切、损伤小 ,如与ESWL等体外碎石方法结合应用疗效更佳。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石209例

目的：探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的操作方法和临床疗效。方法：采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石209例、232侧。结果：输尿管上、中、下段一次性碎石成功率分别为52.7%、90.1%、97.0%,术后1～2周结石排尽率95.7%。术中并发症发生率4.3%。结论：输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术具有创伤小、效率高、易推广的技术。可作为治疗输尿管中、下段结石的首选方法。     

内镜治疗上消化道异物45例

目的：探讨上消化道异物内镜治疗的疗效。方法：在内镜直视下根据不同类型的异物应用不同的器械将异物取出。结果：经内镜治疗上消化道异物45例，成功42例，成功率93.3％，3例转外科手术，无穿孔、大出血等并发症。结论：经内镜治疗上消化道异物是一种安全、简便、有效的治疗方法。     

微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾、输尿管结石37例

目的：探讨微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术（MPCNL）在治疗肾结石、输尿管上段结石的临床应用。方法：采用局麻下经皮肾穿刺,建立通道后通过输尿管镜探查结石,气压弹道碎石、取石。治疗肾盂结石33例,输尿管上段结石4例。结果：全部病例均通过单通道完成,共行手术48次,其中一次治疗28例,二次治疗7例,三次治疗2例。手术时间：肾结石平均2.1h,输尿管结石平均1.4h。肾结石总取净率为84.8（(/33）,4例输尿管上段结石全部取净。残留结石行ESWL治疗。无严重并发症。结论：微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术是治疗肾盂结石、输尿管上段结石有效、安全的方法,同时创伤较小,术后恢复快,是治疗复杂性肾盂结石较好的微创治疗方法。     

B超定位电磁波源碎石机治疗泌尿系结石3480例

目的 :评价B超定位电磁波源碎石机对泌尿系结石的治疗效果。方法 :利用B超定位电磁波源碎石机对 3480例泌尿系结石患者进行冲击波碎石治疗。结果 :肾结石 90 0例 ,治疗成功率为91%;输尿管上段结石 5 4 8例 ,治疗成功率为 97%;输尿管下段结石 1932例 ,治疗成功率为 98.5 %;膀胱及后尿道结石 10 0例 ,治疗成功率 98%。结论 :B超定位电磁波源碎石机治疗泌尿系结石安全、疗效满意。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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