醇/水分散聚合法制备单分散微米级交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球

在乙醇 水介质中通过分散聚合方法合成了单分散性好,交联度高,粒径在3～5μm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球,考察了单体、引发剂、稳定剂、交联剂浓度和介质配比对粒子粒径及其分布的影响.研究结果表明,交联剂、引发剂浓度增大,聚合速率增大,粒径呈增加趋势;稳定剂浓度增大,粒径减小.粒径在单体浓度为100g·L-1时出现一个最小值.初步探讨了聚合方法对粒径、粒径分布及粒子形态的影响.     

共沉淀法制备复合Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3超微粒子粉末

探讨了文题的方法,研究了溶液的pH值、反应物浓度及配比、反应温度对合成的Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3粒子的粒径、粒径分布以及组成的影响规律。结果表明,合成粒子的最佳pH值范围为4.4～5.0;粒子的组成仅取决于反应物初始浓度的配比,改变反应物初始浓度及配比可以十分有效地控制粒子的性能;反应温度对粒子的粒径及分布影响很小。制得的复合Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3超微粒子呈球形、组成均一。     

微流体反应器制备金纳米粒子的研究

利用全聚合物微流体反应器,在紫外光照射下制备了金纳米粒子。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、激光粒度分析仪、高分辨透射电镜等对柠檬酸钠-氯金酸微流体光化学反应体系进行了表征,并考察了注射泵的流速、柠檬酸钠与氯金酸的浓度比、紫外辐射强度对金纳米粒子产率和粒径大小的影响。结果表明,得到的金纳米粒子最小粒径约20nm;金纳米粒子的产率随注射泵流速的增大而上升,但是随柠檬酸钠与氯金酸浓度比的增大和紫外辐射强度的增强而减弱;金纳米粒子的粒径随注射泵流速的增大和紫外辐射强度的增强而减小,但是在柠檬酸钠与氯金酸浓度比小于16时,粒径变化不大,当柠檬酸钠与氯金酸浓度比大于16时,粒径迅速增大。     

工艺条件对纳米钴粒子的粒径及形貌的影响

以锌粉、氯化钴为原料,用化学沉淀法制备纳米Co粒子。通过正交实验考察了反应温度、搅拌转速、反应时间等工艺条件对Co粒子的粒径及形貌的影响。用透射电镜(TEM)对试样进行了分析。实验表明:在反应物料浓度一定的条件下,Co粒子的形貌主要由反应温度决定;影响粒径的因素主次排序依次为反应温度、搅拌转速、反应时间;为制备不同粒径及形貌的纳米Co粒子提供了依据。     

中空聚苯乙烯粒子的制备

采用悬浮聚合法制备中空聚苯乙烯粒子,分析SDBS浓度,DVB与St的配比及St的用量对聚苯乙烯粒子粒径的影响.透射电镜照片显示,制备的粒子为多孔结构,且孔的平均直径约为1.5 μm.聚苯乙烯粒子的粒径随着SDBS的浓度和St用量的增加而增大,随着DVB与St的配比的增大而减小.经过优化后的制备条件是SDBS浓度、DVB与St的配比及St的用量分别为0.012%,1和2.6 g.     

CH3CSNH2和CdCl2水溶液均相体系制备CdS纳米粒子

直接将CH₃CSNH₂和CdCl₂水溶液混合,水浴加热,制备出了粒径为数纳米的CdS粒子,并研究了反应物浓度、加热时间及稳定剂对生成的CdS纳米粒子粒径的影响。     

ZnO及其掺杂纳米粒子的反相微乳液法合成及表征

 分别以OP/正庚烷/正己醇/水溶液和吐温60/溴代十六烷基吡啶/二甲苯/正戊醇/水溶液反相微乳液体系,合成了ZnO及ZnO-Cr₂O₃,ZnO-Cr₂O₃-NiO,ZnO-Cr₂O₃-NiO-MnO掺杂纳米粒子.研究了前驱物、反应物浓度和后处理对粒子制备和粒径的影响.结果表明:所给微乳液体系适合ZnO及其掺杂纳米粒子的制备;通过选择反应途径及控制反应物浓度可实现对粒径的控制;ZnO纳米粒子的粒径为10～200nm,二元、三元、四元掺杂型纳米粒子的粒径均约为20nm.     

液相化学还原法制备纳米银和纳米铜粒子

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为保护剂,葡萄糖为还原剂,利用液相化学还原法成功的制备了纳米银和纳米铜粒子.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对样品的形貌和结构进行了分析结果表明,所制得的纳米银和纳米铜为纯银和纯铜.且硝酸银的浓度、反应时间对纳米银形貌及粒径有着很大的影响.当选择合适的硝酸银浓度及反应时间,能够制备平均粒径为10 nm、粒径均匀、单分散的纳米银粒子.另外,UV光谱也证实,所制的溶胶为粒径均匀的纳米银和纳米铜溶胶.     

液相化学还原法制备纳米银和纳米铜粒子

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为保护剂,葡萄糖为还原剂,利用液相化学还原法成功的制备了纳米银和纳米铜粒子.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD)对样品的形貌和结构进行了分析结果表明,所制得的纳米银和纳米铜为纯银和纯铜.且硝酸银的浓度、反应时间对纳米银形貌及粒径有着很大的影响.当选择合适的硝酸银浓度及反应时间,能够制备平均粒径为10 nm、粒径均匀、单分散的纳米银粒子.另外,UV光谱也证实,所制的溶胶为粒径均匀的纳米银和纳米铜溶胶.     

纳米颗粒添加剂对柴油挥发及氧化过程的影响

在氮气及空气的热重氛围下,研究了以平均粒径分别为20,50 nm的Al2O3和平均粒径为20nm的Ce O2这3种纳米材料配制成的质量浓度分别为50,100,150 mg·L-1的3种纳米柴油的挥发特性和氧化特性,运用控制变量法探究纳米颗粒的粒子质量浓度、粒径尺度及物质种类对纳米柴油挥发及氧化过程的影响.结果表明:在惰性氛围下,纳米颗粒延缓了柴油的挥发过程;随着纳米粒子质量浓度增加和粒径增大,纳米柴油的挥发速率减缓.在氧化氛围下,纳米颗粒加快了柴油的氧化过程;随着纳米粒子质量浓度增加和粒径减小,纳米柴油的氧化速率加快;具有催化功能的Ce O2纳米颗粒比同尺度的Al2O3纳米颗粒表现出更好的氧化作用效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the