反相乳液聚合法制备阳离子型高分子絮凝剂Poly(DAC-AM)

以丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,通过反相乳液聚合技术,合成阳离子高分子聚合物乳液.讨论了引发剂种类、乳化剂种类、单体浓度及配比、油水体积比等因素对共聚产物的特性黏度和体系稳定性能的影响,确定了最佳反应条件.在单体物质的量比为2∶3,油水体积比为1∶1.2,引发剂为氧化-还原引发剂或高效水溶性引发剂的条件下,得到了溶解迅速且絮凝效果好的产品.并对产物进行了红外分析.     

超声波辅助引发丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙烯基氯化铵反相微乳液共聚合

借助超声波辅助引发,采用反相微乳聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺（AM）-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)的共聚物。研究了不同引发体系、超声波功率、单体、氧化还原引发剂用量及配比等因素对聚合物特性黏度和阳离子度的影响。结果表明：采用超声波辅助引发聚合,可以得到特性黏度大,阳离子度高的共聚物;超声波功率影响结果较为明显,阳离子度在超声波功率为175W时最大,为17.70%（摩尔分数）,特性黏度在超声波功率为125W时最大,为3.9585dl/g;在超声波功率为125W,n(AM)∶n(DMDAAC)=6∶4,单体用量为25%（以水相总质量为基准）,n_引发剂∶n_单体=1.12%,n_氧化剂∶n_还原剂=1∶1时,所得聚合物的特性黏度和阳离子度最佳,值为3.2747dl/g和17.35%。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微乳液的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以甲醛、二甲胺和丙烯酰胺为原料,通过Mannich反应首先合成阳离子单体N-(二甲氨基)甲基丙烯酰胺,然后用反相微乳液聚合制得不同阳离子度的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(CPAM).通过探讨反应过程的影响因素,确定了最佳的制备工艺,并对制成的产品进行了性能研究.当反应温度50℃,物质的量比n(丙烯酰胺)∶n(甲醛)∶n(二甲胺)=1∶1.2∶1,反应时间为2 h时,制备的阳离子单体可使乳液聚合的产品获得最佳的阳离子度.通过正交实验反映了单体质量分数、引发剂质量分数、油水相体积比以及反应温度对聚合反应的影响.结果表明,当单体质量分数为30%,引发剂质量分数为0.8%,油水相体积比1.2∶1,反应温度40℃时产品的絮凝效果最佳.在常温、酸性条件下,CPAM对硅藻土的絮凝效果良好.     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺的合成

采用紫外分光光度法和胶体滴定法测定二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DADM AC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)聚合过程中两单体的转化率,探讨了单体总质量分数、单体加料方式和引发剂用量等因素对单体转化率以及共聚物特性粘数[η]和阳离子度的影响.结果表明:当单体总质量分数为20%时,DADM AC单体的转化率最高;分批添加AM时,DADM AC的转化率提高,AM的转化率减小,共聚物的特性粘数上升;补加AM的同时添加引发剂,可将DADM AC的转化率提高15%,AM的转化率可达90%以上;引发剂用量增加,共聚物的阳离子度增大,但特性粘数下降.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的反相乳液共聚合

用反相乳液聚合的方法合成的水溶性阳离子型聚合物—二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)的共聚物。该聚合体系以煤油为分散介质,以Span-80和OP-10为乳化剂,以过硫酸钠和亚硫酸钠为引发剂。在油相/水相(V/V)为30/70、水相单体浓度为60%、DMDAAC∶AM为1∶1、乳化剂用量为6%、引发剂用量为0.2%、聚合温度为30℃的条件下聚合12小时,聚合物的特性粘数达2.56 dl/g。该反相乳液聚合用水溶性引发剂,其聚合机理与典型乳液聚合不完全相似,在乳化剂用量较少时,聚合物的分子量随乳化剂用量增加而增大,当乳化剂用量增加到一定程度后,聚合物的分子量随乳化剂用量无明显变化。     

两性聚丙烯酰胺乳液的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以单体丙烯酰胺(AM)、阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙烯三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、阴离子单体丙烯酸(AA),通过反相乳液聚合法,制得两性聚丙烯酰胺乳液AmPAM.并进行聚合反应的单因素实验和产品絮凝性能的研究.实验结果表明,当引发剂用量为0.6%,单体用量为30%,油水质量比为1.4:1,单体摩尔比n(AM):n(DMC):n(AA)为1:0.6:0.3,聚合反应温度为40℃时,得到的产品综合性能最佳,且产品絮凝性能良好.     

新型酸液稠化剂的反相乳液聚合及性能研究

用反相乳液聚合法,以煤油作为连续相,Span-80、OP-10为乳化剂,合成了AM/ DMC酸液稠化剂MDNC,实验研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂浓度、单体浓度等条件的改变对聚合反应的影响,确定出了最佳反应条件：引发剂质量分数为0.20％,乳化剂质量分数为15％,单体摩尔配比（n(AM)∶n(DMC)）为3∶1,总单体质量分数为25％。并对稠化剂MDNC进行了酸液性能评价,该稠化剂在酸液中增粘性能好,热稳定性较好,抗盐、抗剪切能力强,具有较好的开发前景。     

两种低阳离子度高相对分子质量PDA的制备

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠复合物为引发体系,通过水溶液聚合法合成了10%和20%阳离子度DMDAAC和AM的共聚物(PDA)胶体产物。研究了单体质量、引发剂用量、聚合反应温度和Na4EDTA用量对产物特征黏度的影响。研究结果表明,在单体质量百分数为20%和37.5%,引发剂质量分数为3.0×10-4和5.1×10-5,聚合反应温度为45℃,Na4EDTA质量分数为2.0×10-4的最佳工艺条件下,10%和20%阳离子度PDA的特征黏度分别为17.1 dL/g和12.2 dL/g。2种反应单体的不同竞聚率导致其PDA产物最佳工艺参数的不同。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂P(AM-DAC)的制备及应用

选用紫外光引发水溶液聚合法,研究了以丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(P(AM-DAC))的优化光引发聚合条件,最后选取制备出的不同分子量P(AM-DAC)为考察对象,考察了对市政污泥脱水效率的影响;结果表明:较优工艺条件为光引发剂用量为0.50%,单体质量分数为30%,阳离子度为40%,助剂用量为0.40%,反应体系p H值为5.0,可获得相对分子质量达1 020万的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺胶体;当分子量1 020万的P(AM-DAC)投加0.5 g·kg-1时,污泥脱水后滤饼含水率、滤液余浊最低分别为65.9%、4.52NTU。     

反相乳液聚合制备DMDAAC/AM阳离子型共聚物

采用反相乳液聚合方法,在氧化 还原引发体系下,制备二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)/丙烯酰胺(AM)阳离子型共聚物。研究了乳化剂种类、配比和分散介质对体系稳定性的影响,以及乳化剂配比、单体摩尔比、单体浓度和EDTA量对产物特性黏度的影响。结果表明,当采用Span80与阳离子型乳化剂复合,石油醚为分散介质,亲水亲油值HLB值在5.96以下时,反相乳液体系稳定。聚合物的特性黏度随单体浓度的增加而增加,但当单体达到一定浓度后,产物的特性黏度开始下降。同时体系中EDTA用量增加或单体摩尔比中DMDAAC量增加,产物的特性黏度下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that