基于频率矩阵的多样性策略在遗传算法中的应用

在传统的遗传算法中，引入一种基于频率矩阵的种群多样性策略．该频率矩阵记录了从初始种群到局部最优解搜索过程中得到的具有相同特征解出现的频率。从而给跳出局部最优解，拓展解空间提供了有用的启发信息。将这种策略应用于求解二次布局问题中，取得了令人满意的结果。     

例说特殊化的数学解题策略

特殊化策略即视原问题为一般，构造其特殊问题，通过对特殊问题的解决而获得原问题解决的策略，是数学解题的重要策略之一。本文通过范例说明特殊化策略在解数学题中的具体运用。     

基于DFS的最大流多解问题研究

最大流问题一般是多解的，但传统的求解方法过于繁锁。提出了一种基于DFS的最大流多解算法，可以求得有向流网络的所有最大流解。该算法依据DFS策略，算法的执行效率较高。     

微分对策数值解的梯度法

首先讨论策略有约束的，策略无约束的和端有约束的微分对策鞍点存在的必要条件，然后建立策略有约束的和策略无约束的微分对策数值解的梯度法，并对策略约束条件给出四个具体构造约束算子的方法；最后证明所给梯度迭代法的收敛性。     

不允许卖空限制下跳扩散模型的动态均值-方差资产负债问题

研究了在不允许卖空情况下跳扩散模型的动态均值一方差资产负债问题。本文利用两个黎卡提方程构造出HJB方程的一个连续解V（t，x），然后验证这个解是方程的粘性解，并利用粘性解和识别定理得到了最优投资策略和有效边界。     

野生动物持续捕猎模型

讨论了一类野生动物的可持续捕猎策略，建立了一个野生动物可持续捕猎模型，给出了模型的解．     

一种基于自适应变异算子优化的MOEA/D算法

MOEA/D(基于分解的多目标进化算法)利用一组均匀分布的权重向量将多目标优化问题分解为若干个单目标子问题，并以协作方式同时优化这些子问题。然而，当多目标问题真实Pareto前沿(Pareto front, PF)的形状具有长尾和尖峰特征时，MOEA/D在求解此类多目标问题时，所得到的最优解集在长尾和尖峰区域相对稀疏，性能受到很大影响。为了有效处理这种情况，提出了一种自适应选择变异策略的MOEA/D算法。该算法采用5种不同的变异策略构成候选池，在进化过程中，根据候选池中各变异策略近期的表现，以更高的概率选择近期表现更好的变异策略，使算法能够快速收敛。在算法的差分变异操作中采用理想解充当扰动向量，在PF上获得一组均匀分布的最优解，从而提高算法的性能。实验结果表明，与其他算法相比，本文算法获得的最优解集有更好的收敛性和分布性。     

g支配策略的MOEA/D算法求解多目标流水车间调度问题

采用基于二范数的方法生成权重向量并引入g支配策略对MOEA/D算法进行改进，提出g支配策略的MOEA/D算法（g-MOEA/D）. 将g支配思想与MOEA/D算法有效结合，生成适应决策者DM偏好的有效解的集合，来代替整个Pareto解集或单个有效解，加速种群的收敛性，提高种群的均匀性. 通过仿真实验对比分析g-MOEA/D算法与MOEA/D算法的性能，结果表明，g支配策略的MOEA/D算法所得解集整体性能更优.     

有限策略集全序解及其生成算法

根据策略之间的两两比较结果,将策略集中的所有策略排出顺序是人们在决策时的一个基本依据。本文提出最小全序解的概念,并分别给出偏序策略集、预序策略集以及任意关系策略集最小全序解的表示及其生成算法。     

野生动物持续捕猎模型

讨论了一类野生动物的可持续捕猎策略，建立了一个野生动物可持续捕猎模，给出了模型的解。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the