苯酚污染对蚯蚓抗氧化酶系活性及同工酶组分的影响

采用滤纸接触法,研究了不同质量浓度、不同时间苯酚污染胁迫对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及同工酶组分的影响,为研究酚类化合物对土壤污染的生物学诊断和风险评价提供科学依据.结果表明,苯酚对蚯蚓SOD、POD和CAT活性及同工酶组分具有显著的影响,不同质量浓度苯酚可显著提高蚯蚓CAT活力,改变蚯蚓SOD、POD同工酶组分,低质量浓度苯酚可提高蚯蚓SOD和POD活力,高质量浓度则会降低其活力.     

苯并[a]芘对罗非鱼肝脏抗氧化防御系统的影响

研究罗非鱼暴露在苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)后,其肝脏3种抗氧化酶——超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)——活性的剂量时间效应.结果显示,SOD和CAT都表现出在暴露初期被迅速抑制,然后诱导,再被抑制的反应模式,并且CAT对污染的胁迫反应比SOD更加敏感,二者均是B[a]P污染的良好标志物.相比之下,GPx的胁迫反应不明显,长时间暴露在高剂量下才表现出诱导趋势,并不适合于短时间暴露下单独用来作为污染监测的生物标志物.     

短时盐胁迫对盐芥和拟南芥抗氧化物酶的影响

本文测定了24h盐胁迫下盐芥(6周)和拟南芥(3周)中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,分析了盐胁迫下3种抗氧化物酶在两种植物中的响应特征.结果表明,拟南芥叶片中3种酶活性的变化特征为随盐处理浓度增加,SOD呈逐渐上升趋势,CAT呈逐渐下降趋势,POD活性上升幅度较大,且在200mM NaCl处理条件下,SOD和POD活性达到最大;盐芥根中的SOD、POD、CAT本底活性皆高于叶片.随着盐处理浓度增加,SOD活性基本无变化,叶片中的POD活性逐渐降低,CAT活性逐渐增加.而根中的POD活性却出现递增、CAT为先增加后降低现象.盐芥中的SOD本底含量水平高于拟南芥.     

CaCl_2对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

以酸枣水培幼苗为实验材料,研究了CaCl2对NaCl(200 mmol/L)胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶片和根的细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫时间的延长,酸枣叶片和根系胞质膜透性增大,MDA的积累增加,叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性先升高后降低,根系SOD、CAT持续升高;营养液中加入CaCl2(10 mmol/L)后,与未施加外源CaCl2酸枣幼苗相比,叶片和根系细胞质膜透性、MDA含量降低,抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT不同程度提高。可见外源CaCl2可通过促进NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗植株体内抗氧化酶活性的提高,降低膜脂过氧化水平,减缓NaCl胁迫对植株的伤害,从而增强对NaCl胁迫的适应性。     

甜菜碱对铅胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

为进一步研究甜菜碱对重金属铅胁迫下玉米幼苗生长发育的影响,本实验用甜菜碱处理不同浓度重金属铅溶液胁迫下的玉米幼苗,观测玉米幼苗的生长状况,对玉米幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标进行测定,探讨外源甜菜碱对玉米幼苗重金属铅胁迫的影响。结果显示,甜菜碱处理后,玉米幼苗体内POD,SOD,CAT活性都明显提高,而MDA含量的增加量明显降低,表明甜菜碱在一定程度上可缓解重金属铅对玉米幼苗的胁迫。     

四溴双酚A对鲫鱼血清抗氧化系统的影响

研究了幼龄鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)体外暴露于四溴双酚A(TBBPA)后,血清抗氧化系统中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量分别随暴露剂量和时间的变化.在整个试验剂量范围内,GSH含量被显著抑制;GSH-Px在中低浓度下被显著诱导,高浓度时活性变化不大;SOD、CAT活性在高浓度暴露时显著升高.0.1 mg/L动态暴露中,GSH含量在整个过程中都被抑制,SOD呈先抑制后诱导,GSH-Px在暴露初期和中期被诱导CAT活性则在暴露后期被显著诱导.试验表明在鱼体受到不同程度的氧化胁迫时,可能会倾向于选择不同的应激补偿机制来消除胁迫;GSH对TBBPA十分敏感,可以考虑作为水环境中TBBPA污染的生物监测指标.     

萘和芘胁迫对红树植物秋茄幼苗膜透性抗氧化酶活性的影响

以0.1、1和10 mg/L 3个浓度的多环芳烃萘和芘室内栽培红树植物秋茄(Kandelia cnndel)幼苗,培养基海水盐度15,培养期60 d,以不加污染物培养为对照,分析了萘和芘对秋茄幼苗膜透性及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:在0.1 mg/L萘和芘的环境胁迫对秋茄幼苗叶片细胞膜透性影响不明显,而浓度达1 mg/L及以上水平则随着萘和芘浓度的增加叶片细胞膜透性显著增加.低浓度萘和芘(0.1 mg/L)的环境胁迫对幼苗叶片、根尖超氯化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性影响不明显;高浓度芘和萘(10 mg/L)的环境胁迫下,秋茄幼苗叶片、根尖POD和SOD活性与对照组相比均显著提高.萘和芘胁迫诱导了秋茄幼苗抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性增加.其中根尖抗氧化酶活性增加的幅度明显大于叶片.     

外源过氧化物酶对Hg~(2+)胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片中POD,CAT,SOD同工酶的影响

采用水培法,用一定浓度的Hg2+和不同浓度的萝卜过氧化物酶(RsPrx)对小麦进行浸种处理后,对小麦幼苗叶片中的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等同工酶的活性变化进行了研究.结果显示:在Hg2+胁迫下加入一定浓度外源活性POD后的小麦幼苗的叶片中的POD和SOD同工酶表达量与单独Hg2+胁迫处理时相比,明显减少,更接近正常对照.在Hg2+胁迫下加入一定浓度外源活性POD后的小麦幼苗叶片中的CAT同工酶表达量与单独Hg2+胁迫处理时相比明显增加,更接近正常对照.POD,CAT和SOD同工酶的表达量都有明显变化,但其谱带的数目没有发生明显变化.由此推测,一定浓度外源活性POD对Hg2+胁迫下的小麦幼苗的早期生长和发育可以起到一定的缓解作用.     

铯对青稞幼苗SOD和CAT活性的影响

以青稞三叶期幼苗为材料,分别用质量浓度为10.0、20.0、40.0、80.0和120.0 mg/L Cs~+(Cs Cl)处理1、3、6和10 d后,研究不同质量浓度Cs~+胁迫下青稞幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化.结果表明:青稞幼苗在低质量浓度Cs~+的胁迫下,CAT和SOD活性随胁迫时间的延长而不断升高,达到峰值后,不断降低,整个曲线呈抛物线形;在高质量浓度Cs~+的胁迫下CAT和SOD活性呈线性下降,随染毒时间越长,CAT和SOD活性越低,表现出明显的抑制作用.所以,Cs~+对青稞幼苗具有较强的生理毒性,青稞CAT和SOD对Cs~+污染反应灵敏,可作为环境中Cs~+污染的监测指标.     

苯并[a]芘(BaP)对真鲷细胞色素P450和芳香烃受体基因表达的影响

通过水体暴露方式对海水养殖真鲷进行BaP持续染毒,利用实时定量PCR技术研究了真鲷细胞色素P450基因(CYP1A1)和芳香烃受体基因(AhR2)随BaP暴露剂量、时间的动力学变化.结果发现,0.1～1.5 μg/L环境浓度的BaP能够显著性诱导CYP1A1基因和AhR2基因的表达,且AhR2 mRNA早于CYP1A1 mRNA被诱导表达;BaP持续暴露48 h,CYP1A1和AhR2基因的表达水平均随暴露时间的延长而显著升高,染毒72 h后又回复到本底水平,实验表明这两个基因的表达与BaP的暴露剂量和暴露时间之间具有显著性的剂量-效应和时间-效应关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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