碳分子线（C2-C4）在单壁碳纳米管中结构的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的密度泛函理论,对碳分子线团簇（C2～C4）及其在单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）（4,4）,（5,5）中的几何结构性质进行了计算模拟．发现碳分子线（C2-C4）在不同直径的单壁碳纳米管中的键长是不同的,结果将对碳纳米管内部的力学性质研究提供帮助．     

碳纳米管的抗弯刚度

通过对单壁碳纳米管的独特结构的仔细分析，运用分子力学方法，得到了单壁碳纳米管抗弯刚度的计算公式，其结果与目前公认的单壁碳纳米管的有效抗弯刚度吻合得很好．基于单壁碳纳米管的分析结果，提出了一种新的计算多壁碳纳米管抗弯刚度的方法，并推导了多壁碳纳米管的抗弯刚度公式．该公式能在极限条件下很好的还原为经典弹性力学中的抗弯刚度公式，并清楚地反映单壁碳纳米管抗弯刚度不能由经典弹性力学抗弯刚度公式计算的本质原因．结果很好地解释了多壁碳纳米管的屈曲波长与经典预言偏差很大的现象．     

扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管氮烯环加成异构体结构和性质的理论研究

用AM1方法研究了(3，3)、(4，4)、(5，5)和(6，6)扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管(ASWCNTs)以及其氮烯环加成异构体的结构和性质，并重点讨论了这些异构体之间的转化关系．POAV分析表明，扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管的直径越大，张力就越小，“一“共轭作用也越强．     

碳纳米管分子动力学模拟软件的开发

用分子动力学方法研究了碳纳米管的力学性质,开发了相应的模拟软件－分子动力学模拟软件包（Molecular Dynamics Simulator,MDSIM)。计算使用的原子间相互作用模型是Brenner势和改进的嵌入原子法（EAM）多体势,分子间相互作用模型是Lennard-Jones势。MDSIM软件包含碳纳米管分子动力学模拟所需的数据生成、模拟演化、数据处理和数据查看4个模块,具有较好的可移植性和可扩展性,适合对碳纳米管、C60、金刚石和石墨等材料进行分子动力学。MDSIM软件对扶手椅结构的单壁碳纳米管进行了模拟,结果表明其杨氏模量和拉伸强度大大高于传统的材料。     

蒽甲醇修饰单壁碳纳米管的研究

利用蒽甲醇对单壁碳纳米管进行了化学修饰，并利用透射电镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、拉曼光谱对修饰后的单壁碳纳米管进行了表征分析．通过对比吸附前后的紫外可见吸收光谱发现，吸附后的光谱强度下降大约57．1％，说明单壁碳纳米管吸附上了蒽甲醇．通过拉曼光谱分析发现，吸附后单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱中主要峰的位置向长波方向移动了6～7cm^-1，认为拉曼光谱发生移动的原因是单壁碳纳米管吸附蒽甲醇前后状态的改变导致的．     

两个氢原子在单壁碳纳米管上的加成

用半经验的AM1方法，对两个氢原子在锯齿型单壁碳纳米管（6，0）上的加成规律进行了研究。优化了两个氢原子在碳纳米管同一层内加成后所产生的各异构体的结构，计算了各加成异构体的生成热，讨论了它们的稳定性和振动光谱。     

利用能量原理研究单壁碳纳米管的剪切模量

利用能量方法研究了单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）的剪切模量．采用分子力学理论得出了受扭矩作用下单壁碳纳米管的总势能;通过总势能与相应的薄壁圆筒的扭转变形能比较,推导出了单壁碳纳米管剪切模量的计算公式;碳纳米管剪切模量的计算结果与现有的研究结果相符,从而证实了本文计算公式正确有效．     

多壁碳纳米管和过氧化苯甲酰化学反应的红外表征(简报)

碳纳米管作为一维纳米材料,重量轻,六边形结构连接完美,具有许多特殊的力学、电磁学和化学性栽能.近几年来,随着碳纳米管及纳米材料研究的不断深入,其广阔的应用前景也不断显现出来[1-7].碳纳米管是由碳原子形成的石墨烯片层卷曲成的无缝和中空的管体,具有类多烯的结构和其相似的化学性质.Yunning等在碳纳米管上引入了烷基,通过过氧化苯甲酰裂解得到的苯自由基和碘代烷烃在氩气保护下发生取代反应,生成烷基自由基后,再和单壁碳纳米管发生化学反应[8].南开大学的李瑞芳等研究了氢在单壁碳纳米管上的加成[9];Hirsch等报道了氮烯、卡宾、自由基和单壁碳纳米管的加成,并通过NMR、质谱仪等进行了结构表征[10].Polona Umek等研究了单壁碳纳米管和过氧化物的加成反应,在110～120℃条件下,过氧化物在甲苯溶液中直接裂解为碳自由基,和碳纳米管加成,没有研究另一部分氧自由基和碳纳米管的反应[11].本文用红外光谱研究了过氧化苯甲酰氧自由基和多壁碳纳米管之间的类烯加成反应.     

考虑非线性本构和小初始变形的单壁碳纳米管的Bernoulli-Euler梁模型

在有限变形条件下石墨烯的应力应变关系是非线性的,而且石墨烯卷曲形成的碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)在应用时通常会产生小的初始变形.但是,在已有的碳纳米管力学性质的研究中还没有同时考虑这两种因数影响.基于石墨烯的非线性本构关系,建立了新的包含小初始变形的Bernoulli-Euler梁模型,然后应用该模型研究了单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs)的静态弯曲和一阶受迫振动.结果表明:在静力弯曲时,当初始变形与外荷载的方向一致时,初始变形增大了系统的刚度.当初始变形与外荷载的方向相反时,初始变形使碳纳米管的静力变形变得复杂.在受迫振动时,初始变形和本构中的非线性项都能改变振幅的分岔点的位置.初始变形可以使碳纳米管的力学性质由硬非线性变为软非线性.因此,非线性本构和初始变形均对碳纳米管力学行为有显著影响.     

氮掺杂单壁碳纳米管结构的第一原理计算

利用第一原理, 通过密度泛函理论计算掺杂氮原子的单壁碳纳米管几种可能的几何结构. 研究表明, 含氮的锯齿型单壁碳纳米管比含氮的扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管的几何结构稳定; 在富含氮的单壁碳纳米管中, 径向形变比轴向形变明显, 并讨论了掺杂氮后碳纳米管中碳氮原子间的键合情况.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that