染浴的脱色及其循环利用初探

分别采用臭氧、H2O2／UV、镁盐法、及费通试剂对染色残液脱色，研究了温度、pH值、浓度等因素对臭氧、镁盐法脱色效果的影响，比较几种脱色法的脱色效果及脱色后的染色残液循环利用的效果。其中臭氧脱色 不仅是一种高效的脱色方法，而且脱色后的染色残液可用于循环染色。     

Cationic Modification of Cellulosic Fibres with Polyepichloro-hydrinamine Resins to Offer a Potential Dyeing Process Producing Cleaner Dyeing Effluent

Cationic modifying agent (PECH-amine) with lower molecular weight and containing less nitrogen was prepared and characterized. The water-soluble cationic modification agent has high reactivity for cotton. Cotton modified by this agent can be dyed under salt-free and neutral conditions with direct and reactive dyes. Dyes in the dyebath could be completely exhausted and a dyeing effluent without residual dyes and salt could be expected.     

关于不同水质灌溉土壤后效应的模糊聚类分析

以3种水源灌溉土壤并进行实验研究,对测定结果做模糊聚类分析,从而为我国水资源的回收利用提供科学依据.实验结果表明,再生水有效地提高了土壤肥力,而雨水相应的使土壤肥力大幅度降低.自来水与再生水大部分指标,随着土壤深度的加深而逐渐减弱,而雨水则正好相反.关于再生水和雨水的回收利用还有待于更深入的研究.     

低质量浓度臭氧水对小白菜营养成份的影响

 臭氧在食品保鲜和消毒杀菌上的应用越来越广,但有关臭氧处理对食品营养成份影响的研究极少。 研究了小白菜（Brassica chinensis）经低质量浓度臭氧水处理后几种营养成份的变化情况。结果表明：1.4 mg/L的臭氧水处理小白菜30 min, 67%（w）的脱氢维生素C被破坏,而总维生素C也损失近30%（w）;其它营养成份如可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素则无显著性变化。研究结果说明应用臭氧水处理小白菜等叶类蔬菜时,需要考虑臭氧对蔬菜中维生素C等还原性成份的破坏作用。     

臭氧脱色染浴中助剂的循环利用初探

通过分散染料和弱酸性染料的循环染色实验，筛选了几种在对染液通入臭氧后在氧化脱色条件下稳定的染色助剂，目的是为了减少臭氧脱色后的染液循环染色中助剂的用量，还研究了染浴臭氧脱色的工艺条件。     

阳离子缓染剂对腈纶染色性能的影响

研究了阳离子缓染剂■烷基;R_1,R_2,R_3为吗啉、烯丙基或短链烷基,其中可能含有—OH:X为水溶性阴离子)对腈纶染色性能的影响。当染浴中缓染剂的量增加,缓染剂结构中烷基链长增长时,缓染效果增加。缓染剂中阴离子类型和N上所连接的取代基不同时,缓染效果受到影响。在染色过程中增加缓染剂可消除环染,且不影响染料的耐晒牢度,染色纤维具有良好的抗静电性能。     

球床高温气冷堆闭式循环特性

从提高天然铀利用率和改进废物管理方面考虑,研究球床高温气冷堆乏燃料中铀钚的再利用和不同闭式燃料循环的特性。在250MW热功率球床模块式高温气冷堆示范电站铀钚循环的乏燃料中提取铀和钚为核燃料,设计了PuO2和混合氧化物(MOX)燃料元件,将新设计的燃料元件重新装入与示范电站有同样结构和尺寸的堆芯,分别形成纯钚燃料循环和MOX燃料循环。还研究了基于轻水堆级钚的燃料循环。采用了高温气冷堆物理设计程序VSOP,研究了高温气冷堆不同闭式循环的燃料利用和超铀元素焚烧特性。不同闭式循环钚消耗率分别为50%、46%和71%,天然铀的电利用率分别提高了6%、8%和20%。结果表明:高温气冷堆闭式燃料循环能有效焚烧钚同位素,适度提高天然铀的利用率。     

水葫芦茎处理含苯酚废水研究

比较了干制和新鲜水葫芦茎处理含苯酚废水的能力,探讨了水葫芦茎的用量和重复回收利用对含苯酚废水的处理效果．结果显示：干制水葫芦茎处理苯酚的效果优于新鲜水葫芦茎;300mL含苯酚浓度为42．2mg／L的废水,0．5g干制水葫芦茎对其有最好的处理效果,去除率可达98．6％;已吸附苯酚的水葫芦茎经处理后可重复使用,但处理苯酚的效果逐渐减弱．     

Activated Sludge Ozonation to Reduce Sludge Production in MBR

The total experimental period was divided into two stages. At the first stage, a series of batch studies were carried out to get an understanding of the effect of ozouation on sludge properties. At the following stages, three MBRs with different amounts of activated sludge to be ozonated were run in parallel for a long period to evaluate the influence of sludge ozonation on sludge yield and permeate quality. Through batch study, it was found that ozone could disrupt the cell walls and caused the release of plasm from the cells, then the amounts of soluble organics in the solution increased with ozouation time. With the rise of soluble organics, the amount of soluble organics to be mineralized increased as well, which would reduce the soluble organics content. For the counteraction between these two aspects, a pseudo-balanee could be achieved, and soluble organics would vary in a limited range. Sludge ozonation also increased the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the solution. In addition, ozouation was effective in improving sludge settling property. On the basis of batch study, a suitable ozone dosage of 0.16 kgO3/kgMLSS was determined. Three systems were run in parallel for a total period of 39 days, it was demonstrated that a part of activated sludge ozonation could reduce sludge production significantly, and biological perfonnanee of mineralization and nitrification would not be inhibited due to sludge ozouation. Experimental results proved that the combination of ozonation unit with MBR unit could achieve an excellent quality of permeate as well as a small quantity of sludge production, and economic analysis indicated that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and sludge was only 0.096Yuan （US$ 0.011,5 ）/m^3 wastewater.     

氧化法去除废淡盐水中苯胺的研究

采用次氯酸钠和过氧化氢为氧化剂氧化废淡盐水中的苯胺,考察了氧化剂加入量、pH、温度、时间等因素对苯胺氧化效果的影响.实验结果表明,次氯酸钠的氧化效果好于过氧化氢,在最佳工艺条件下,苯胺的去除率可达97.5%,处理后的废淡盐水可回收利用.     

改性膨润土混凝剂处理阳离子染料染色废水的研究

介绍了自制的复合改性膨润土对阳离子染料染色废水的吸附絮凝特性,考察了ｐＨ值、反应温度、反应时间、复合改性膨润土用量、助剂、无机盐等因素的影响。结果表明,复合改性性膨润土对阳离子染料染色废水具有优异的吸附性能,以聚丙烯酰胺作助凝剂可使脱色率达９９．９％,ＣＯＤ去除率达９３％,污泥沉降比仅为１～２％,并且具有沉降快、适应性强、操作简单、费用低廉等优点。     

污染土壤残油的臭氧氧化研究

本研究探讨了臭氧氧化对石油污染土壤生物修复后难降解的残油的去除效应。臭氧投加剂量约20mg03／g土时,臭氧氧化效率最高,达0．3mg总油／mgO3,且土壤石油烃降解茵数量仅下降一个数量级。臭氧作用下残油四组分中芳香烃降解率最高,其次为饱和烃,胶质和沥青质含量升高。臭氧对残油各分子量组分均有降解作用,氧化后残油分子量略有下降。GC-MS结果表明臭氧对各类物质氧化的容易顺序为多环芳烃〉甾烷〉藿烷〉烷基环己烷〉正烷烃;臭氧未改变生物标志物参数;氧化后C8～C22脂肪酸,C15～C22正烷烃和C17--C28烷基环己烷含量增加,并出现了C12-C25脂肪醛,臭氧氧化后残油生物可利用性得到提高,生物降解速率是未氧化对照的2倍。     

高吸水性共聚物研究

本文研究了高吸水性树脂的分散剂种类，交联剂用量，水的ＰＨ值及水中所含无机盐的关系。制得的树脂可吸无离子水６２２ｇ／ｇ，０．９％ＮａＣｌ８１ｇ／ｇ，通过红外光谱明确了聚合物结构；经显微照像观察了水凝胶的外部形态；通过ＴＧＡ进行了水解物的热分析。     

Experimental Study on Minimization of Sludge Production by Ozonation Process

Based on the hypothesis of reducing sludge production under cryptic growth conditions, ozone was used as cell lysis agent to treat excess sludge, and then the ozonated supernatant was returned to. the aeration tank. The results show that COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies in ozonation process were 87.96% and 84.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, a low excess sludge yield coefficient of 0.113 (g SS/g COD removed) was obtained. Compared with that of the control test, the process configuration decreased the excess sludge production by 51.3%.     

臭氧氧化苊及其中间产物特征分析

为考察生化法代替部分臭氧氧化的可能,研究了苊这种分子中含有饱和C-C键的典型性多环芳烃的臭氧氧化过程。使用液相色谱和紫外光谱观察了氧化过程和中间产物的变化,测定了中间产物水溶液的总有机碳浓度(TOC)和中间产物对活性污泥氧吸收速率(OUR)的影响。结果表明,苊被臭氧降解的同时将有中间产物生成;臭氧可以与中间产物继续反应,但过量的臭氧未实现对有机物的矿化;臭氧氧化改善了苊的可生化性。臭氧不完全氧化结合生物降解,有望成为兼顾经济性与效率的处理废水中苊的方法。     

含溴黄浦江水臭氧化过程中溴酸根的生成

2010年1-6月的水质调查结果表明,黄浦江水中溴离子（Br^-）含量为204.9~394.6 μg/L.溴离子在臭氧氧化和氯消毒工艺中消耗显著,但在混凝工艺中变化很小.水厂溴酸根离子（BrO^-₃）检出率较低（7.5％）.经过生物活性炭（biological activated carbon,BAC）处理后的出水溴离子有一定增加,可能源于活性炭还原了经臭氧氧化形成的高价态溴.臭氧小试实验表明,当黄浦江原水中稳态溶解臭氧浓度大于0.23 mg/L时,溴酸根离子生成速率大幅度增加,但此后随着臭氧浓度的增加,溴酸根生成速度几乎不变.臭氧暴露值ct与BrO^-₃具有良好的线性关系,计算得到的溴酸根生成势k(μgBrO^-₃/(mgO₃·min))受水中稳态溶解臭氧浓度值影响较大.原水中高浓度的氨氮和有机物是抑制溴酸根离子在臭氧化过程中形成的主要因素.     

Modified Dye for Water-Fast Ink-Jet Printing

A quaternary ammonium compound containing amino acid residue was synthesized by Converting 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyalkyldimethylammonium chlorides into its epoxide derivatives, then attaching an amino acid to the epoxide derivatives synthesized a quaternary ammonium compound containing amino acid residue. Modified dyes were prepared by the ionotropy of anionic dyes with the quaternary ammonium compound containing amino acid residue. It was discovered that the modified dyes exhibited an excellent pH controllable solubility. These modified dyes have good water solubility at pH> 8.0, but they were water insoluble at pH < 6.5. On the printing paper, modified dyes in water-based ink-jet print ink could convert to water insoluble form and give prints excellent water fastness.     

Determining Compatibilities of Reactive Dyes in Pad Dyeing

Compatibilities of reactive dyes were conventionally shown by exhausting curves. But the change of proportion of dyes in padding dyebath was difficult for pad dyeing to be described by these curves. In this paper, a kind of simulation of pad dyeing process was used to determine dyestuff compatibility in pad dyeing for ramie and linen fabrics. Seven reactive dyes were divided into three groups and tested. The group with Cibacron Yellow C - 2R, Red C - R, and Blue C - R showed very good compatibility both for ramie and linen, and the other two groups of dyes gave out correspondingly low compatibilities in the pad dyeing tests. The results of the method for determining the compatibility of dyes displayed good consistency with the actul pad dyeing process.     

高盐有机废水有价组分回收与水资源回用技术的探索与实践

 针对无机精细化工行业的高盐、高浓有机废水成分复杂、难降解等污染特征,利用无机精细化工高盐有机废水有价组分回收与水资源回用集成技术在镍钴电池材料生产过程进行了探索与实践。结果表明：废水中油类去除率达到99%,资源化回收得到的无水硫酸钠达到GB/T 6009-2014的III类标准（Na₂SO₄含量>92%）,处理后废水总有机碳（TOC）含量≤0.05%,水回用率达到85%以上,蒸发残液与粉煤灰等辅料混合后高温焙烧可制得陶粒,将全部实现资源化。全流程吨水处理成本由220元降到180元以下,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

新型中水回用清洁工艺的中试研究

对以移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）为核心的、集新型生物介质与钾基自由基活性氧消毒技术于一体的新型中水回用工艺进行了中试研究。在气水体积比为5∶1，其水力停留时间约为4～6h，该工艺对生活污水COD(化学耗氧量)的去除率达到90%，水的透光度由65%～75%提高到98.0%～99.5%。出水采用钾羟基自由基活性氧消毒剂消毒，在每立方米中水中加入60～100g消毒剂时，杀菌效果均可达到98%～99%，粪肠杆菌未检出。出水钾盐质量浓度7.7～12.9g/m³。水质达到《城市杂用水水质标准》（GB/T 18920-2002）标准。与生物接触氧化工艺相比较，达到85%以上的COD去除率，MBBR工艺停留时间缩短了近50%。